固定化血红蛋白氧载体的研究 I.聚乙烯醇包埋血红蛋白

固定化血红蛋白可以作为氧载体，从海水中提取氧气，为人类在水下活动提供氧源。以聚乙烯醇为载体材料，固定化血红蛋白，制备氧载体。研究了该氧载体的氧解离性能以及戊二醛和六磷酸肌醇对氧载体氧解离性能的影响。血红蛋白的固定量达０．６ｇ／ｇ，氧化法测得氧载体的氧解离率为５３．３％。戊二醛后交联提高了氧载体的稳定性。六磷酸肌醇使氧解离率由２４．８％提高到６０．０％。     

Neural localization of addicsin in mouse brain

Addicsin is a member of the prenylated Rab acceptor (PRA) 1 domain family and a murine homolog of the rat glutamate-transporter-associated protein 3-18 (GTRAP3-18). This protein is considered to function as a modulator of the neural glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1). However, its molecular functions remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the regional and cellular localization of addicsin in the central nervous system (CNS) by using a newly generated antibody specific for the protein. Distribution analysis by Western blot and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the protein was widely distributed in various regions of the mature CNS, including the olfactory bulbs, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus CA1–3 fields, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum. Double immunofluorescence analysis revealed that addicsin was expressed in the somata of principal neurons in the CNS such as the pyramidal cells and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons scattered in the hippocampal formation. Furthermore, the protein showed pre-synaptic localization in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 field of the hippocampal formation. Subcellular localization analysis of highly purified synaptic fractions prepared from mouse forebrain supported the cytoplasmic and pre-synaptic distribution of addicsin. These results suggest that addicsin has neural expression and may play crucial roles in the basic physiological functions of the mature CNS.     

Open structure rhinoplasty

Open structure rhinoplasty (OSR) uses the open or external approach via a mid-columellar and bilateral marginal incision. In combination with grafting procedures, such as columellar struts, dorsal grafts and tip grafts, rhinoplasty has developed from a merely reductive procedure to a more graduated approach to the nose. Emphasis is now placed on repositioning, augmentation and restructuring the nassal anatomy to create as natural and fuctional a nose as possible. This retrospective study analyses our experience with 130 rhinoplasties over a 3-year-period. The study reveals OSR to be a safe and reliable technique which produces predictable results.     

Idiopathic macrocephaly in the infant: long-term neurological and neuropsychological outcome

RATIONALE: The long-term outcome of idiopathic macrocephaly is presently unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the current study (n=15), MRI conducted at long-term review showed regression of orbito-frontal extradural collections and normal or slightly enlarged ventricular space compared to infant examination. Head circumference had normalised in all but one participant. Neuropsychological assessments of nine participants showed general intellectual ability within the normal range in the majority of participants; however, specific deficits in attention were evident. Clinical interviews conducted with a smaller sub-group revealed anecdotal histories of behavioural difficulties and reading or arithmetic difficulties in half of the total sample. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective review studies such as this indicate that abnormal radiological findings in infancy are not necessarily predictive of neurodevelopmental problems and may reflect a normal variant. However, while overall intellectual ability may be within average limits in this diagnostic sample, considerable individual variations remain in specific areas of neuropsychological function.     

血管外支架预防静脉桥血管再狭窄的研究进展

冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后，静脉桥的再狭窄是亟需解决的问题。静脉桥管壁过度扩张导致管壁损伤，血管平滑肌细胞增生并向内膜迁移，内膜与中膜增厚，并在此基础上形成粥样斑块，是静脉桥晚期再狭窄的重要原因.静脉桥外放置血管外支架可限制管壁过度扩张，减轻管壁损伤，有效抑制增生的血管新内膜及内膜下泡沫细胞的形成，预防静脉桥的再狭窄，是提高CABG后静脉桥远期通畅率的一种可行的方法。     

Application of an artificial neural network to the control of an active external orthosis of the lower limb

The object of this paper is to present a real-time application of an artificial neural network (ANN). The application for which this network is demonstrated is a motorised orthosis with six degrees-of-freedom for use by a paraplegic; a ‘walking machine’. Theoretical networks and training methods need modification to function correctly with a real application. Several complex phenomena that are very diffucult to model have to be accommodated; the starting threshold of the activators, nonlinearity, noise, and the non-biunivocity between successive system states (position, velocity, actuator controls). The modifications made to the network and the associated training method partially alleviate these difficulties.     

Transverse plane pelvic rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: primary or compensatory?

Several studies have suggested that the pelvis is involved in the etiology or pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional radiographic study is to identify any correlation between the transverse plane rotational position of the pelvis in stance and operative-size idiopathic or congenital scoliosis deformities, using Scheuermann’s kyphosis and isthmic spondylolisthesis patients for comparison. The hypothesis tested was that the direction of transverse pelvic rotation is the same as that for a thoracic scoliosis. As a group, AIS patients had a significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. When subdivided into the six Lenke curve patterns, this was true for the groups with a major thoracic curve: thoracic (1), double thoracic (2) and double curve patterns (3). It was not true for patterns with a major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve: single thoracolumbar/lumbar (5) and double thoracic-thoracolumbar/lumbar (6). Nor was it true for triple (4) curves. The Lenke 1 and 2 major thoracic curves without compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curves did not have the predicted pelvic rotation. All congenital scoliosis patients studied had main thoracic curves and significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. There was no transverse plane pelvic rotation in the Scheuermann’s kyphosis or isthmic spondylolisthesis patients. We interpret these findings as consistent with a compensatory rotation of the pelvis in the same direction as the main thoracic curve in most patients with a compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curve as well as in patients with main thoracic congenital scoliosis.     

Evaluation de la qualité des soins en termes de résultat dans les centres de prise en charge des patients douloureux Métrologie (étude multicentrique nationale placée sous l'égide de la Société Française de la Douleur)

Résumé  Dans le but de répondre au triple objectif de valorisation, d'amélioration des performances et d'obligation légale (ordonnance du 24 avril 1996), nous avons mis en place une étude multicentrique sur les centres et unités de prise en charge de la douleur qui vise à apprécier la qualité des soins en termes de résultat mesurés en années de vie ajustées par la qualité à partir de l'indicateur générique deRachel Rosser. Nous présentons les études préliminaires de métrologie, visant à valider l'utilisation de cet outil pour mesurer la qualité de vie dans l'univers des douloureux chroniques.

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Summary  We set up a multicentre study of Pain Relief Centres and Units with the aim of responding to a threefold objective of increasing their esteem, improving their performance and because of legal obligation (statute of 24th April 1996), in order to appreciate the quality of healthcare in terms of results measured in years with improved quality of life, by means of the generic scale devised byRachel Rosser. We present the preliminary metrology studies with a view to validating the use of this tool, for measuring the quality of life in the field of chronic pain.

Concepteurs et coordonnateurs du projet     

髌骨骨折几种内固定方法疗效比较

对分别采用张力带钢丝内固定、丝线环形缝合固定及Magnuson氏法丝线内固定治疗的72例髌骨骨折患者进行11～52个月随访，以观察不同内固定方法的疗效。结果张力带钢丝组优良率为76．71％；两种丝线内固定组优良率均为27．59％。表明张力带钢丝内固定稳定性好。认为该法固定牢固，术后无需外固定，可早期进行关节功能锻炼，有利于骨折愈合和关节功能恢复。     

单侧外固定支架骨结构重建治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床分析

目的:总结分析单侧外固定支架（外支架）结合骨结构重建治疗胫腓骨不稳定骨折的临床效果。方法:对53例胫腓骨不稳定骨折予小切口下有限内固定,植骨等方式行骨结构重建并结合外支架固定。结果:53例中有86.8％（46例）正常骨愈合,延迟愈合5例,畸形愈合2例,占13.2％。针道感染有9.5％（5例）。踝关节背伸僵硬有5.7％（3例）,无针道松动及断针。结论:（1）外支架可为骨折提供良好生物学环境,但存在抗压、抗弯性能弱的缺点;（2）通过骨折骨结构重建稳定骨界面,应用“6”针固定,增加阻力臂缩短动力臂,缩短骨架间距等措施维护及提高其生物刚度;（3）术后适时调节刚度,使高强度固定向弹性固定过渡利于骨折愈合。