手部外固定架的设计及临床应用

目的探讨手部小管状骨骨折,特别是关节附近的掌、指骨骨折,及其粉碎性骨折的更为简便有效的治疗方法,介绍一种新型实用的手部外固定架.方法自1996年10月采用自行设计的手部外固定架治疗掌、指骨骨折30例.其中掌、指骨干骨折18例,掌、指骨头骨折12例;闭合骨折25例,开放骨折5例;单纯骨折24例,粉碎骨折6例.结果平均随访4.5个月,骨折愈合时间4～8周,无骨不连及骨髓炎并发症.手功能恢复按TAM标准优22例,良4例,可4例,优良率86.7%.结论手部外固定架结构简单,方便实用,固定掌、指骨稳固,特别是对掌、指骨头骨折,以及粉碎性骨折有良好的固定作用.     

Visual dysfunction in patients with mitochondrial myopathies

Seventeen patients with biopsy-confirmed mitochondrial progressive external ophthalmoplegia underwent electroretinography and visual evoked potential testing to checkerboard-reversal stimuli to investigate subclinical visual dysfunction. Seven patients (41%) had impaired Snellen visual acuity that was never less than 0.6. Thirteen patients (76%) showed electroretinographic and/or visual evoked potential alterations, whereas six (35%) showed impairment on both tests. Two patients showed delayed VEP P100 latency without fundus, electroretinographic or visual acuity anomalies. Visual dysfunctions were not related to age at onset and course of the disease.Abbreviations PEO progressive external ophthalmoplegia     

Transverse plane pelvic rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: primary or compensatory?

Several studies have suggested that the pelvis is involved in the etiology or pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional radiographic study is to identify any correlation between the transverse plane rotational position of the pelvis in stance and operative-size idiopathic or congenital scoliosis deformities, using Scheuermann’s kyphosis and isthmic spondylolisthesis patients for comparison. The hypothesis tested was that the direction of transverse pelvic rotation is the same as that for a thoracic scoliosis. As a group, AIS patients had a significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. When subdivided into the six Lenke curve patterns, this was true for the groups with a major thoracic curve: thoracic (1), double thoracic (2) and double curve patterns (3). It was not true for patterns with a major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve: single thoracolumbar/lumbar (5) and double thoracic-thoracolumbar/lumbar (6). Nor was it true for triple (4) curves. The Lenke 1 and 2 major thoracic curves without compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curves did not have the predicted pelvic rotation. All congenital scoliosis patients studied had main thoracic curves and significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. There was no transverse plane pelvic rotation in the Scheuermann’s kyphosis or isthmic spondylolisthesis patients. We interpret these findings as consistent with a compensatory rotation of the pelvis in the same direction as the main thoracic curve in most patients with a compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curve as well as in patients with main thoracic congenital scoliosis.     

逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调的肉毒素A治疗

目的探讨肉毒素A(BTX-A)经尿道尿道外括约肌注射,治疗逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调(DESD)的效果。方法对11例因患DESD致慢性尿潴留和尿失禁患者,行经尿道尿道外括约肌注射100UBTX-A治疗,对治疗前后的残余尿(PVR)、最大尿道压(MUP)、排尿期最大逼尿肌压(MPdet)和国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁评分调查简表(ICI-Q-SF)评分进行比较。结果治疗后,MUP、MPdet和ICI-Q-SF显著降低,PVR显著减少。7~30天达最大疗效,单次注射疗效持续2~3个月,重复注射可持续更长时间。无严重不良反应发生。结论BTX-A尿道外括约肌注射治疗DESD,安全,微创,疗效确切;但需要重复注射维持疗效。     

足新型矫形外固定器的研制与应用

[目的]报道一种足新型矫形外固定器的构成和临床应用效果，并与Illizarov外固定器进行对比。[方法]作者研制一种足新型矫形外固定器，由3对、6根金属杆组成，每根金属杆具有单独的延长、加压功能。利用固定在胫骨、跟骨、跖骨共4根克氏针，将小腿、足部两侧成三角形连接为一体，进行三维矫形。2004年1月以来，使用该外固定器治疗先天性和后天获得性、不同原因引起的132马蹄内翻足畸形。现将随访12个月以上病例62例（85足）予以报道。[结果]根据Garceau分级标准、结合患者足形态与功能表现评定：优：40足；良：40足；可：5足；差：无。优良率为94．1％。[结论]足新型三维矫形外固定器治疗幼儿、青少年马蹄内翻足安全、可靠、有效；比Illizarov外固定器结构简单，安装方便、省时；患者感到舒适，轻便；成本低、价格便宜；适合国内有条件的医疗单位广泛应用。     

Dynamic response of the occipito-atlanto-axial (C0-C1-C2) complex in right axial rotation.

The torque-angular deformation in right axial rotation until failure of the ligamentous occipito-atlanto-axial complex subjected to variable loading rate (dynamic) axial torque was characterized using a biaxial MTS system. A special fixture and gear box that permitted right axial rotation of the specimen until failure without imposing any additional constraints were used to obtain the data. The specimens were divided into three groups and tested until failure at three different dynamic loading rates: 50, 100, and 400 degrees/s. A previous study by the authors provided data for quasi-static (4 degrees/s) loading conditions. The torque versus rotation curves can be divided into two straight regions and two transition zones. The plots clearly indicated that at loading rates higher than 4 degrees/s, the specimens became stiffer in the region of steadily increasing resistance prior to failure. The increase in stiffness was maximum at 100 degrees/s. The stiffness decreased somewhat at 400 degrees/s in comparison with 100 degrees/s, but this decrease was not significant. The resulting torque-right axial rotation curves were also examined to estimate the magnitude of maximum resistance (torque) and the corresponding angular rotation value. The average maximum resistance torque increased from 13.6 Nm at 4 degrees/s to 27.8 Nm at 100 degrees/s. The corresponding right angular rotation data (65-78 degrees), however, did not show any significant variation with loading rate. Posttest dissection of the specimens indicated that the type of injury observed was related to the rate of axial loading imposed on a specimen during testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The Ilizarov method for the treatment of complex tibial fractures and non-unions in a mass casualty setting: the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan

We report our experience in treating victims of the recent earthquake disaster in Pakistan. Our experience was based on two humanitarian missions to Islamabad: one in October 2005, 10 days after the earthquake, and the second in January 2006. The mission consisted of a team of orthopaedic surgeons and a second team of plastic surgeons. The orthopaedic team bought all the equipment for application of Ilizarov external fixators. We treated patients who had already received basic treatment in the region of the disaster and subsequently had been evacuated to Islamabad. During the first visit, we treated 12 injured limbs in 11 patients. Four of these patients were children. All cases consisted of complex multifragmentary fractures associated with severe crush injuries. All fractures involved the tibia, which were treated with Ilizarov external fixators. Nine fractures were type 3b open injuries. Eight were infected requiring debridement of infected bone and acute shortening. During a second visit, we reviewed all patients treated during our first mission. In addition, we treated 13 new patients with complex non-unions. Eight of these patients were deemed to be infected. All patients had previous treatment with monolateral fixators as well as soft tissue coverage procedures, except one patient who had had an IEF applied by another team. All these patients had revision surgery with circular frames. All patients from both groups were allowed to fully weight-bear post-operatively, after a short period of elevation to allow the flaps to take. Overall, all fractures united except one case who eventually had an amputation. Four patients had a corticotomy and lengthening, and three of them had a successful restoration of limb length. The fourth patient was the one with the eventual amputation.     

外界因子对超高压杀灭大肠杆菌效果的影响

通过鉴别设计法对影响超高压杀菌效果的外界因子,如压力、温度、保压时间、升压速度及卸压速度等关键因子进行考察与评价.结果表明:温度、压力和保压时间对灭活大肠杆菌影响显著,升压速度和卸压速度对灭活大肠杆菌影响不显著.     

影响住院医师规范化培训开展的因素分析

目的 探讨影响住院医师规范化培训开展的相关因素。方法 本文选取解放军总参谋部总医院住院医师规范化培训的相关数据,以到位率为参考,研究影响培训开展的因素。结果 通过回顾性统计分析,发现培训时间、院方政策、外请专家等与培训的到位率有关。结论 住院医师规范化培训的培训时间、院方政策、外请专家等对顺利开展培训、提高培训质量有潜在的影响。     

2014年成都市动物性水产品及外环境中4种弧菌的 污染情况分析

摘要:目的　了解成都市动物性水产品及其外环境中部分弧菌（创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌、溶藻弧菌）在养殖、销售、加工等各个环节中的分布和可能污染源,为风险评估提供可靠的基础数据。方法　选择有代表性的3个养殖场、3个销售场所和3家餐饮店,分别采集鲜活/非鲜活淡水鱼/海水鱼及鲜活鱼类的水体/水底沉积物,检测创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌和溶藻弧菌。结果　成都市动物性水产品及其外环境中4种弧菌的总体检出率为38.8%,创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌、霍乱弧菌、溶藻弧菌的检出率分别为17.5%、29.1%、1.9%、5.8%;养殖场所、销售场所、餐饮环节中弧菌的检出率分别为14.7%、45.5%、55.6%;弧菌在鱼肠/鳃中的检出率（94.7%）高于在鱼肉中的检出率（32.5%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝20.01,P＜0.001）;弧菌在非鲜活淡水鱼中的检出率（75.0%）高于鲜活淡水鱼（26.9%）,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.033）;淡水水体和海水水体的平均盐度分别为0.19%、17.7%,平均钠含量分别为19.0 mg/L、3138.3 mg/L;弧菌阳性样品与阴性样品在温度、平均盐度和钠含量上的差异无统计学意义（t温度＝0.000,t盐度＝0.585,t钠＝0.540,P＞0.05）。结论　成都市动物性水产品及外环境中弧菌的检出率较高,发生食物中毒的风险较高,需要采取一系列措施以防止食物中毒的发生。