Evaluation of the role of varicocelectomy including external spermatic vein ligation in patients with scrotal pain

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare pre- and postoperative scrotal pain in patients with varicocele who underwent varicocelectomy with different approaches. METHODS: The study included 144 consecutive patients with left-sided varicocele who had left scrotal pain for more than 3 months. All patients underwent varicocele ligation using either a subinguinal or inguinal approach with or without external spermatic vein ligation. We asked the patients to complete an 'Assessment Questionnaire for Scrotal Pain' both before and after the surgery. RESULTS: The surgery was successful in 101 (83.4%) of the 121 patients available for follow up. Seventy-four (61.1%) patients reported the complete resolution of pain while 27 patients (22.3%) reported partial resolution. Symptoms worsened in a single case and pain persisted postoperatively in 19 cases (15.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the pain and grade of varicocele between postoperative groups. A significant difference was observed in postoperative success between patients who had external spermatic vein ligation and those who did not, regardless of the surgical approach (inguinal or subinguinal). All patients who reported complete or partial resolution of pain stated that they would recommend surgery to relatives with the same problem. CONCLUSIONS: Varicocelectomy using either inguinal or subinguinal approaches is an effective and reasonable treatment option in this patient group and should include external spermatic vein ligation for a satisfactory outcome.     

外固定支架在严重多发伤合并闭合性长管骨骨折分期治疗中的应用

目的：探讨外固定支架分期治疗严重多发伤合并四肢闭合性长管骨骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者选取2009年1月～2013年8月收治的58例严重多发伤合并闭合性四肢长管骨骨折早期行单臂支架临时外固定的患者,男性39例,女性19例;年龄18～70岁,平均47岁。待全身病情稳定、局部软组织损伤改善后,再根据患者具体情况选择最终确定性内固定治疗。结果平均外固定支架使用时间6d。二期确定性内固定治疗前2例出现钉道感染。内固定术后随访时间3～18个月,平均5．2个月。术后切口3例出现感染,总体感染率为5．2％。结论早期采用临时外固定支架没有增加最终确定性内固定手术后感染率,有利于闭合性长管骨骨折进一步治疗。     

体外电场热疗联合药物治疗慢性前列腺炎疗效观察

目的 对照观察体外电场热疗及药物治疗慢性前列腺炎的疗效.方法 选择临床诊断为慢性前列腺炎患者120例,随机分为3组,1组治疗组和2组对照组.治疗组采用体外电场热疗和药物治疗;对照1组单纯体外电场热疗,对照2组单纯药物治疗.观察治疗前后前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI)及前列腺液常规变化.结果 3组治疗前后NIH-CSIP评分、前列腺液常规比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组更为显著.治疗组总有效率85%,单纯体外电场热疗组总有效率70%,单纯药物治疗组总有效率65%.治疗组分别与两对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中以治疗组疗效最佳.结论 体外电场热疗联合药物治疗慢性前列腺炎,有利于前列腺血液循环的改善,促进药物的局部吸收,减轻炎症,消除症状,提高疗效.     

Undetected patricide: Inaccuracy of cause of death determination without an autopsy

Patricide (killing the father) is uncommon form of homicide. Usually the assaults occur at home in the absence of witnesses and adult sons are frequently involved. Homicides in a domestic context usually do not tend to recurrence, because the motivation for the crime ends with the death of the parent. However, this is not what was observed in the present case study dealing with the death of a 70 years old white man originally misclassified as accident and discovered three years later only after an additional homicide in a family context of a 60 years old white lady. Multiple stab wounds to the neck and thorax were misinterpreted at the external male body examination as blunt trauma falling down stairs. No forensic autopsy was requested and no comparison of medical findings with the results from the death scene, such as a bloodstain analysis was performed by the police officers nor required by the judicial authority. This was quite surprising because an additional but preliminary post-mortem external examination performed by a general practitioner on the male body already raised the suspicion that the external lesions were stab wounds thus requiring a forensic autopsy. Only the exhumation of the elderly body, performed years later, confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis raised by the first physician. The present case is quite representative of a death investigation not run professionally and performed by individuals with no specific training where most of the medico-legal investigations (especially for traumatic and violent deaths) are restricted to an external body examination without subsequent autopsy. Although misinterpretation of external lesions is inevitable and significant discrepancies between external body examination and forensic autopsy are not rare, in the case of contradictory results of post-mortem external examination or unclear/suspicious cause and manner of death, investigation should proceed necessarily with a forensic autopsy.     

External fixation and bone grafting for collapsed and comminuted distal radius fracture

Unstableandcomminutedfractureofthedistalpartoftheradiusremainsachallengingproblem.Thisfracturethatcausedbyhighenergyinjuryisveryunstable,andthereductionandfixationareverydifficult.Inrecentyears,manydifferentexternal fixationdeviceshavebeendevelopedandused.1 4They cankeepthepositionafterreductionwithgood functionalresults.Butforseverecollapsedcases,the bonedefectmayleadtoreductionandfixationfailure orprolongthefracturehealingtime.Thesefinally resultinwristswelling,progressivejointstiffnessand …     

胫腓骨骨折3种手术固定方法疗效比较

目的比较3种手术方法治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效。方法用钢板内固定、外固定支架及交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折336例,分别对骨痂出现时间、骨折愈合时间及各种并发症的发生情况作统计学分析。结果336例均获随访,时间1～3年,钢板内固定组骨痂出现时间平均（49±3.92）d,骨折愈合时间平均（176±14.73）d;外固定支架组骨痂出现时间平均（52±4.1）d,骨折愈合时间平均（192±15.73）d;交锁髓内钉组骨痂出现时间平均（38±4.47）d,骨折愈合时间平均（148±11.46）d。交锁髓内钉骨痂出现时间及骨折愈合时间明显缩短、并发症的发生率也最低。结论交锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折（闭合性和GustiloⅠ、Ⅱ型开放性）优于钢板内固定及外固定支架。胫腓骨骨折手术固定方法选择原则为：①胫腓骨骨折端距关节面≥8 cm,交锁髓内钉应作为内固定物首选。②胫腓骨骨折端距关节面〈8 cm,钢板与外固定支架之间,应优先考虑选用钢板固定。③若胫腓骨骨折为严重开放性粉碎性骨折或骨折伴有皮肤软组织缺损、骨外露或软组织肿胀严重,上钢板无法封闭伤口,可选择外固定支架固定。     

Anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous and superficial radial nerves in the forearm: a cadaveric and clinical study

PURPOSE: To define the anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) and the superficial radial nerve (SRN) in relation to easily identifiable landmarks in the dorsoradial forearm to minimize the risk to both nerves during surgical approaches to the dorsal radius. METHODS: In this study 37 cadaveric forearms and 20 patients having distal radius external fixation were dissected to identify these nerves in relation to various anatomic landmarks. RESULTS: Based on these dissections the anatomy was divided into 2 zones that can be identified by easily visible and palpable landmarks. Zone 1 extends from the elbow to the cross-over of the abductor pollicis longus with the extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus. Zone 2 is distal to the cross-over. In zone 1 the 2 nerves can be differentiated through limited incisions based on their depth and anatomic location. Within this zone the SRN is deep to the brachioradialis until 1.8 cm proximal to zone 2 (9 cm proximal to the radial styloid), where it becomes superficial and pierces the fascia of the mobile wad and then remains deep to the subcutaneous fat. In contrast the LACN pierces the fascia between the brachialis and biceps muscles at the level of the elbow. In all specimens the LACN ran parallel to the cephalic vein within the subcutaneous fat. In 31 specimens it ran volar to the vein and in 5 specimens the nerve crossed under the cephalic vein at the elbow and ran dorsal to the vein in the forearm. One specimen had 2 branches with 1 on either side of the vein. Differentiation of these nerves was found to be possible through limited incisions in zone 1 during placement of external fixation pins for distal radius fractures. The LACN always was located in the superficial fat running with the cephalic vein, whereas the SRN was deeper to this nerve either covered by the brachioradialis or closely adherent to it within the investing fascia of the mobile wad. In zone 2 the nerves arborized and ran in the same tissue plane, making differentiation through limited incisions difficult. CONCLUSIONS: Dividing forearm anatomy into zones aids in understanding the complex 3-dimensional anatomy. Recognition of the consistent location of both the LACN and SRN facilitates surgical exposure. This allows localization through limited incisions during nerve repair and hardware placement, thereby enhancing uncomplicated and favorable outcomes.     

手法结合跟骨夹复位弹拨固定治疗跟骨骨折

跟骨关节塌陷骨折的临床治疗颇为棘手,手法复位常因骨折复位不良而遗留后遗症,开放复位钢板内固定又较易引起严重的伤口并发症[1-3].自1999年10月至2008年2月,尝试结合手法、跟骨夹复位及骨圆针弹拨固定治疗此类骨折26例33足,取得了较好效果,报告如下.     

铰链式外固定支架辅助内固定治疗陈旧性肱骨远端B型骨折

目的 探讨采用铰链式肘关节外固定支架辅助内固定治疗陈旧性肱骨远端B型骨折的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2007年4月收治11例陈旧性肱骨远端B犁骨折患者,受伤至手术时间1.5～6.0个月(平均3.1个月),采用铰链式肘关节外固定支架辅助切开复位内固定进行治疗.根据Mavo肘关节功能评分标准对其疗效进行评定.结果 11例患者术后获10～18个月(平均12.5个月)随访.骨折临床愈合时间3.5～6.0个月,平均4.6个月.患者肘关节经功能锻炼后平均活动范围:伸直19.4°±6.5°,屈曲124.2°±11.3°;前臂旋前72.8°±5.4°,旋后67.6°±7.3°.按照Mayo肘关节功能评分标准:由术前(52.4±7.6)分上升至(85.7±9.3)分,差异有统计学意义(t=9.161,P=0.000);其中优5例,良4例,可2例.结论 采用切开复位内同定治疗陈旧性肱骨远端B型骨折,术后在铰链式外固定支架辅助下活动肘关节,早期进行功能锻炼,有利于肘关节功能的恢复,疗效满意.