房间隔入路的解剖学研究及临床应用

对３３具尸体的房间隔的大小、构成及周围重要组织结构进行观察和测量。提出房间隔切开时的正确方向、安全长度及可能发生的危险。结合４６６例临床应用，讨论了避免切口合并症发生及发生后的正确处理方法。     

人脑胶质瘤的实验系列研究

1979～1989年,我室建立了人脑胶质瘤的体外和体内模型,在实验肿瘤的生物学、形态学、动力学、遗传学、神经生化,免疫组化、细胞杂交、单抗分子生物学、放射免疫、生物导弹和实验治疗等多方面进行了探索,其中大部分的结果己经或即将发表。本文旨在系统归纳,以利同道检索。     

新生儿先天性畸形与孕妇乙型肝炎病毒感染关系的研究

为探讨孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染和某些因素对先天性畸形的致病作用,本文进行了96对新生儿先天畸形的配对(1:1)病例对照研究,报道先天畸形的频率和构成,单因素和多因素的条件Logistic回归分析,表明孕妇HBsAg阳性等6个因素对先天畸形呈阴性结果,而与接触农药和孕周的因素有明显联系,值得进一步探讨。     

FEASIBILITY OF CONDUCTING CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME RESEARCH IN AUSTRALIAN GENERAL PRACTICE: RESULTS FROM THE ANBP2 PILOT STUDY

1. The present study aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a 5 year cardiovascular outcome trial of the treatment of 6000 elderly hypertensive patients in Australian general practices. 2. General practitioners (GPs) were invited to participate by mail and personal follow-up. Patient records were reviewed to identify subjects for a blood pressure (BP) screening programme. Blood pressure was measured on three occasions and eligible subjects were included if the average BP was 160 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic if systolic BP was 140 mmHg. 3. Seven hundred and forty-one GPs were approached and 89 were enrolled in the study (12% of mail invites and 75% of those receiving a personal contact). In 16 practices where screening was completed, 82 000 records were reviewed to identify 4% patients eligible for screening. Twenty-two per cent of eligible subjects attended screening. Of 1938 subjects screened, 180 (9%) had BP 5=160/90 mmHg. Forty-seven percent of subjects (n = 916) were receiving antihypertensive therapy and 184 (20%) were withdrawn from therapy. One hundred and sixteen (63%) of these subjects had BP return to study entry levels within 6 weeks. Fifty-seven newly diagnosed and 81 previously treated subjects were randomized (7% of the screened population). 4. Based on the high participation rate of GPs, the response rate of patients to attend a BP screening programme and the 7% randomization to screening ratio for entry into the study, the ANBP2 pilot study has demonstrated that it is feasible to recruit subjects from Australian general practices to a cardiovascular outcome trial.     

五所医院特需医疗服务状况调查

通过对上海医科大学附属华山医院、协和医院、北京同仁医院、中山医科大学附属第一医院、浙江医科大学附属第二医院开展的特需医疗服务情况的调查，论述了五所医院的具体做法，在对调查结果进行分析的基础上，就特需医疗服务的管理提出了建议。     

门脉高压性胃病患者的胃壁血气变化

作者观测了４３例门脉高压症患者股动脉血ＰＯ２、胃网膜有动静脉胃壁支血ＰＯ２、胃壁支静脉及肘静脉血ｐＨ、ＨＣＯ３－和胃网膜右静脉压力，其中２３例并有非出血期门脉高压性胃病。结果表明：①门脉高压症患者的股动脉血ＰＯ２低于对照组；②门脉高压症患者胃网膜右动静脉胃壁支血氧分压差低于对照组，胃网膜右静脉压力高于对照组，胃壁支静脉血ｐＨ和ＨＣＯ３－低于对照组和同组肘静脉血。并有门脉高压性胃病者这些变化更为显著。提示门脉高压性胃病的发病机制在于门脉系压力增高、胃粘膜下动静脉短路开放、胃粘膜缺血缺氧和胃壁局部酸中毒。     

舟山海岛学生的碘营养状况对照研究

目的 :　海岛学生饮食结构中含有碘丰富的海产品。本研究旨在了解海岛学生的碘营养状况 ,评价食盐补碘的利弊。方法 :　对定海农村 (食用碘盐 )和岱山农村 (不食用碘盐 )的学校中随机抽取的 1 2个班级 ,对碘盐组和非碘盐组的饮食碘摄入和尿碘水平等变量进行描述 ,并分别以尿碘和甲状腺肿率为应变量进行单因素和多因素回归分析。结果 :　碘盐组除碘盐外每日碘摄入量中位数为 1 84μg,而不食用加碘盐的组为 1 0 5 μg,两组饮食碘摄入有显著性差异 (u=4.71 0 ,P=0 .0 0 0 ) ,而尿碘水平在食用碘盐组和不食用碘盐组分别为 1 6 9μg/L和 1 2 9μg/L,两组间有显著性差异 (u=6 .3 0 2 ,P=0 .0 0 0 )。多因素分析中性别和是否食用碘盐对尿碘水平有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ,OR值分别为 0 .76 5 ,1 .93 3 )。甲状腺肿学生和正常学生的饮食碘和尿碘无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。Poisson回归分析中性别和是否食用碘盐对甲状腺肿率有影响 (P<0 .0 5 ,OR值分别为2 .2 5 ,3 .5 2 )。结论 :　舟山海岛学生要注意补碘过程中可能出现的碘过量问题。     

A cohort study of tobacco use,diet, occupation,and lung cancer mortality

In 1966, a cohort of White males aged 35 or over, who were policy-holders with the Lutheran Brotherhood Insurance Society (United States), completed a mail questionnaire on tobacco use, diet, and demographic characteristics. During the 20 years of follow-up, 219 lung cancer deaths occurred. Besides the strong relationship with cigarette smoking, we observed an effect on lung cancer risk among current users of cigars or pipes who were nonsmokers of cigarettes (relative risk [RR]=3.5, 95 percent confidence interval[CI]=1.0–12.6) or who were past/occasional users of cigarettes (RR=2.7, CI=1.4–5.3). In addition, elevated risks (from 1.5 to 2.6) of lung cancer were found among craftsmen and laborers, with the highest risks among subjects who worked in the mining or manufacturing industry. No association between current (as of 1966) use of beer or hard liquor and lung cancer was observed, although past users were at elevated risk. An inverse association between lung cancer and intake of fruits was observed, and risks of lung cancer were lower among persons in the highest dietary intake quintiles of vitamins A and C. Except for oranges, however, none of the inverse associations with fruits or dietary nutrients had statistically significant trends. The findings from this cohort study add to the evidence of an adverse effect of cigar/pipe smoking and possibly protective effect of dietary factors on lung cancer risk.     

Topographic organization of descending projection neurons to the spinal cord of the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Several neurons from different nuclei give rise to descending spinal tracts and project to various levels in the spinal cord of goldfish, Carassius auratus. These were visualized by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) administered to the bilaterally transected spinal cord at 6 levels, corresponding to 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25gh segments of the vertebral column. As many as 16 brain nuclei or neuronal aggregations and the Mauthner cells project posteriorly up to the 20th spinal segment. Restricted neurons of the dorsolateral area in the nucleus preopticus magnocellularis and those of the ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus projected up to the 20th and 25th segments respectively. In the mesencephalon, the nucleus ruber and the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus revealed retrogradely labeled somata; the former extended up to the 20th segment, while the latter projected up to the 25th segment. The remaining descending projected neurons of the brain belonged to the rhombencephalon. The nucleus of the lateral lemniscus; anterior, magnocellular, descending and posterior divisions of the octaval nucleus: raphe nucleus; Mauthner cell and the neurons located adjacent to the trigeminal tract and those in the vicinity of the secondary gustatory tract sent their processes up to 20th segmental level. However, somata of the superior, medial and inferior divisions of the reticular nucleus and restricted neurons of the facial lobe extended up to 25th segmental level. The pattern of neuronal projections into the spinal cord suggests a topographic organization.     

微量地塞米松与抗病毒药物合用对抗单疱病毒作用的影响

报告在组织培养中地塞米松对单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)的生长繁殖无影响,对无环鸟苷(ACV)和环胞苷(CC)的抗病毒作用亦无干扰。在动物实验中,微量地塞米松[0.001%,常用浓度(0.1%)的百分之一]并不恶化上皮型HSV角膜炎。同时证明有效抗病毒药物的合用,微量地塞米松仍保留有良好的消炎作用,能促进上皮型和实质层型单疱角膜炎的痊愈过程。