Response of astrocytes to experimental herpetic infection

Research Institute of Children's Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg. Institute of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 114, No. 11, pp. 548–551, November, 1992.     

胰腺分裂与慢性胰腺炎的病因学关系及发病机制

目的:探讨胰腺分裂(PD)在慢性胰腺炎病因学中的作用及其发病机制。方法:将32只犬随机分为4组(每组8只)。Ⅰ组:部分结扎背-腹胰管间的交通支。Ⅱa组:切断并结扎交通支。Ⅱb组:在背胰管注入小乳头前2mm处将其切断并结扎断端。Ⅲ组:假手术对照组,除不结扎交通支外,其余操作同上。于手术前检测各组犬血清磷脂酶(PLA2)和淀粉酶(Ams)活性及背、腹胰管基础压并在胰泌素激发后15、30、45、60和90分钟各测压一次。于术后180天再行胰胆管测压和造影并观察背、腹胰和十二指肠乳头的病理改变。结果:⑴Ⅰ、Ⅱa组和Ⅱb组术后5-80天血清PLA2和Ams活性显著升高。⑵处死时Ⅰ、Ⅱa组腹胰管和Ⅱb组背、腹胰管压力在激发后30-60分钟显著高于注药前(P<0.01);在60分钟后,前两组压力恢复到术前水平(P>0.05),而Ⅱb组仍较高(P<0.05),该组压力在90分钟后恢复正常。⑶光镜:Ⅱb组犬背、腹胰小叶间或/和胰管周围显著纤维组织增生,腺细胞结构破坏和炎细胞浸润。Ⅰ和Ⅱa组腹胰见轻度上述改变。⑷电镜:Ⅰ、Ⅱa组腹胰和Ⅱb组背、腹胰腺细胞粗面内质网脱颗粒、融合和扩张。酶原颗粒减少,线粒体肿张。Ⅰ和Ⅱa组背胰及Ⅲ组背、腹胰未见异常。结论:PD是慢性胰腺炎的病因学因素之一,其引发胰腺炎的机制是在胰液分泌的高峰期副乳头功能性梗阻。     

Students teaching students: a medical school peer tutorial programme

A peer tutorial programme which is available to all first- and second-year medical students has been in operation at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine since 1972. A retrospective study of the classes of 1982, 1983 and 1984 was undertaken to assess the participation levels in the tutorial programme and to compare the participation level to available performance parameters. The analysis revealed that 54% of the first-year classes and 22% of the second-year classes participated in the peer tutorial programme. X2 analysis of the data demonstrated that the relationship between participation in the tutorial programme and performance on examinations reached statistical significance. The results suggested that an open peer tutorial programme responded to the needs, both cognitive and affective, of medical students.     

Teaching school health to undergraduate medical students

This paper describes a teaching programme for final- (sixth-) year undergraduate medical students during their 10-week term in child health. Students attend schools on two occasions and are actively involved in the physical, educational and emotional assessment of children. The advantages of the programme include active participation by the students, contact with children in a less threatening environment, learning new skills in the assessment of children, and knowledge of common screening procedures. Student evaluation of the programme has been positive.     

提取青蒿素实验条件的研究

对从青蒿叶中提取青蒿素的各种方法及实验条件进行实验比较，结果表明，采用索氏提取法及以Ｂ号油为溶剂，具有提取率较高，时间短、操作方便、耗油少等特点。     

谈多媒体教学在医学理论课教学中的问题及措施

多媒体技术在教育领域的应用，促进了教育教学理念和方式的变革。然而，通过调查，在医学理论课多媒体教学中出现了一些问题，寻找解决问题的出路，是促进多媒体教学不断成熟和完善，提高现代化教学手段质量的最佳途径。     

Clinical problem-solving using video simulation: an investigation

This paper examines the use of videotape simulation as a research method for the exploration of clinical problem-solving, the challenges posed and the strategies employed to overcome the difficulties encountered are discussed. The simulation forms part of a larger comparative study of outcomes of pre-registration nurse education programmes, commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting.     

论网络化时代电视教材的重要性

针对教学实践中重视计算机辅助教学忽视电视教材的倾向，本文通过对网络时代中电视教材的作用和地位的分析，阐述了加强计算机辅助教学的必要性和加强电视教材制作及应用的重要性以及二者间的关系。     

关于课堂多媒体教学的思考

多媒体教学已成为课堂教学的一种常用手段，多媒体教学应从实际需要出发，以提高教学效果为目标；需要教师掌握多种计算机及多媒体知识技能，科学地进行教学设计；教学过程中应发挥多媒体的优势，注重师生交流。对此本文进行了探讨。     

浅谈多媒体教学中存在的问题及对策

分析了目前多媒体教学中存在的一些问题，提出了一些提高多媒体教学质量的途径和方法。