human NF-κB miRNA干扰载体的构建

目的:设计并构建针对胰腺癌基因治疗中最关键的靶基因人细胞核因子κB(human NF-κB)的miRNA干扰载体。方法:根据靶基因设计并合成miRNA oligo(引物设计软件),将oligo退火成双链,然后用载体构建试剂盒进行重组克隆,将双链的miRNA oligo插入到miRNA表达载体中,构建miRNA质粒,转化入感受态细胞DH5α,从转化平板分别挑取克隆,用载体通用引物进行菌落PCR筛选,筛选得到的阳性克隆进行测序,以验证重组克隆中插入片段序列是否与设计的oligo序列一致。结果:经过比对,重组克隆中插入片段序列与设计的oligo序列完全一致。结论:成功构建了针对靶基因human NF-κB的miRNA干扰载体,为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Considerations on pancreatic exocrine function after pancreaticoduodenectomy

The pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) procedure may lead to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. There are several types of reconstruction for this kind of operation. Pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) was introduced to reduce the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Although some randomized control trials have shown no differences regarding pancreatic leakage between PG and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), recently some reports reveal benefits from the PG over the PJ. Some surgeons concern about the performing of the PG and inactivation of pancreatic enzymes being in contact with the gastric juice, and the detrimental results over the exocrine pancreatic function. The pancreatic exocrine function can be measured with direct and indirect tests. Direct tests have the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of exocrine insufficiency but require tube placement. Among the tubeless indirect tests, the van de Kamer stool fat analysis remains the standard to diagnose fat malabsorption. The patient compliance and time consuming makes it not so suitable for its clinical use. Fecal immunoreactive elastase test is employed for screening of exocrine insufficiency, is not cumbersome, and has been used to study pancreatic function after resection. We analyze the FE1 levels in our patients after the PD with two types of reconstruction, PG and PJ, and we discuss some considerations about the pancreaticointestinal drainage method after pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

基于国产与进口精确放疗设备在原发性肝癌与胰腺癌的临床剂量学评价研究

目的对比国产及进口精确放疗设备应用于原发性肝癌与胰腺癌放疗剂量学特点,评估国产精确放疗设备的临床应用情况。方法回顾性选取原发性肝癌(分为小肝癌和大肝癌)、胰腺癌患者各60例,对选取病例分别进行静态调强计划设计。采用加速器设备的不同将患者计划分为进口组和国产组。评估计划剂量学参数并实施剂量验证。结果所有计划靶区和危及器官受照剂量均能符合临床要求。原发性肝癌患者均匀指数国产组均值略优于进口组,差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05);所有病例适形指数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),计划国产组肝脏V₁₀、V₃₀与进口组相比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),原发性肝癌计划进口组肝脏D_mean显著低于国产组计划(P<0.05),小肝癌计划国产组脊髓D_max显著低于进口组(P<0.05)。结论国产设备和进口设备相比较能够完成常规调强计划设计与执行,其计划质量与剂量验证结果均与进口设备保持了良好的一致性,国产放疗设备基本能够满足精确放疗的临床需求。     

Comparison of different compressed sensing algorithms for low SNR 19F MRI applications—Imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets and cells labeled with perfluorocarbons

Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a possible treatment option for patients suffering from Type I diabetes. In vivo imaging of transplanted islets is important for assessment of the transplantation site and islet distribution. Thanks to its high specificity, the absence of intrinsic background signal in tissue and its potential for quantification, ¹⁹F MRI is a promising technique for monitoring the fate of transplanted islets in vivo. In order to overcome the inherent low sensitivity of ¹⁹F MRI, leading to long acquisition times with low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), compressed sensing (CS) techniques are a valuable option. We have validated and compared different CS algorithms for acceleration of ¹⁹F MRI acquisition in a low SNR regime using pancreatic islets labeled with perfluorocarbons both in vitro and in vivo. Using offline simulation on both in vitro and in vivo low SNR fully sampled ¹⁹F MRI datasets of labeled islets, we have shown that CS is effective in reducing the image acquisition time by a factor of three to four without seriously affecting SNR, regardless of the particular algorithms used in this study, with the exception of CoSaMP. Using CS, signals can be detected that might have been missed by conventional ¹⁹F MRI. Among different algorithms (SPARSEMRI, OMMP, IRWL1, Two‐level and CoSAMP), the two‐level l₁ method has shown the best performance if computational time is taken into account. We have demonstrated in this study that different existing CS algorithms can be used effectively for low SNR ¹⁹F MRI. An up to fourfold gain in SNR/scan time could be used either to reduce the scan time, which is beneficial for clinical and translational applications, or to increase the number of averages, to potentially detect otherwise undetected signal when compared with conventional ¹⁹F MRI acquisitions. Potential applications in the field of cell therapy have been demonstrated.     

Role of robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery:lessons learned from our initial experience

BACKGROUND:Minimally invasive surgery has achieved worldwide acceptance in various fields, however, pancreatic surgery remains one of the most challenging abdominal pro-cedures. In fact, the indication for robotic surgery in pancre-atic disease has been controversial. The present study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of robotic pancreatic resec-tion. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience of robotic pancreatic resection done in Sanchinarro University Hospital. Clinicopathologic characteristics, and perioperative and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: From October 2010 to April 2016, 50 patients underwent robotic-assisted surgery for different pancreatic pathologies. All procedures were performed using the da Vinci robotic system. Of the 50 patients, 26 were male and 24 female. The average age of all patients was 62 years. Operative time was 370minutes. Among the procedures performed were 16 pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD), 23 distal pan-createctomies (DP), 11tumor enucleations (TE). The mean hospital stay was 17.6 days in PD group, 9.0 days in DP group and 8.4 days in TE group. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 10 cases (20%), 2 after PD, 3 after DP, and 5 after TE. Four pa-tients had postoperativetransfusion in PD group and one in DP group. Conversion to open laparotomy occurred in four patients (8%). No serious intraoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS:From our early experience, robotic pancre-atic surgery is a safe and feasible procedure. Further experi-ence and follow-up are required to confirm the role of robotic approach in pancreatic surgery.     

Outcomes of infected pancreatic necrosis complicated with duodenal fistula in the era of minimally invasive techniques

Abstract

Background: Duodenal fistula (DF) was reportedly thought to be the second most common type of gastrointestinal fistula secondary to acute necrotizing pancreatitis. However, infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) associated DF (IPN-DF) was rarely specifically reported in the literature. The outcome of IPN-DF was also less well recognized, especially in the era of minimally invasive techniques. A retrospective cohort study was designed mainly focused on the management and outcomes of IPN-DF in the era of minimally invasive techniques.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-one consecutive patients diagnosed with IPN between January 2015 and May 2018 were enrolled retrospectively. Among them, 10 patients developed DF. The step-up minimal invasive techniques were highlighted and outcomes were analyzed.

Results: Compared with patients without IPN-DF, patients with IPN-DF had longer hospital stay (95.8 vs. 63.5 days, p?p?>?.05). The median interval between the onset of acute pancreatitis (AP) and detection of DF was 2.4 months (1–4 months). The median duration of DF was 1.5 months (0.5–3 months). Out of the 10 patients with DF, 9 had their fistulas resolve spontaneously over time by means of controlling the source of infection with the use of minimally invasive techniques and providing enteral nutritional support, while one patient died of uncontrolled sepsis. No open surgery was performed. On follow-up, the 9 patients recovered completely and remained free of infection and leakage.

Conclusion: IPN-DF could be managed successfully using minimally invasive techniques in specialized acute pancreatitis (AP) center. Patients with IPN-DF suffered from a longer hospital stay, but similar mortality rate compared with patients without DF.     

Effectiveness of steroid therapy for pancreatic cysts complicating autoimmune pancreatitis and management strategy for cyst-related complications

Abstract

Objectives: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) sometimes becomes complicated with pancreatic cysts, although their detailed characteristics and management strategy have not been fully determined. We aimed to clarify the efficiency of steroid therapy and the risk factors for cyst formation and cyst-related complications.

Methods: One hundred sixty-three AIP patients were retrospectively analyzed for relevant factors of cyst formation. We compared subjects with and without steroids to evaluate drug effectiveness on cyst size change and investigated the factors associated with cyst-related complications.

Results: Thirty-two patients (19.6%) had complicating pancreatic cyst formation, and 40 cystic lesions of ≥10?mm in size were detected. Multivariate analysis revealed a drinking habit, abdominal/back pain, and elevated serum amylase to be significantly associated with cyst formation. Steroid-treated cysts became significantly reduced in size in the short-term and disappeared significantly more frequently within 1-year as compared with non-treated ones, which was confirmed by multivariate analysis. Six of 40 cysts exhibited cyst-related complications significantly associated with multilocular morphology and larger size.

Conclusions: Steroid therapy is an effective choice for cysts developing in AIP to promote the release of pancreatic juice stasis. Larger lesions with multilocular morphology should be monitored closely for cyst-related complications and be considered strong candidates for steroid therapy.