噻托溴铵吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的效果观察

目的观察吸入噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期的临床疗效。方法选取商丘市第一人民医院COPD急性加重期患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组30例,仅给予常规治疗;观察组30例,在常规治疗基础上给予噻托溴铵吸入。观察两组患者治疗前后临床症状、体征及肺功能情况。结果观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,肺功能指标改善优于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵吸入治疗COPD急性加重期能更好地改善患者的症状及肺功能,提高患者的生活质量,值得临床推广应用。     

降钙素原指导慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重抗生素治疗的研究进展

急性加重是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)进展过程中的自然现象,而且在全球范围内的发病率和病死率居高不下。生物标志物(如降钙素原)的检测已经成为诊断及指导COPD抗生素治疗的一种重要工具。然而,关于降钙素原指导COPD治疗的潜在作用仍在临床研究阶段。该文将通过目前国内外现有的证据证明降钙素原可以用于指导COPD的抗生素治疗。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期住院时间延长的因素分析

目的探讨引起慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)住院患者的住院时间延长的危险因素。方法选取在2017至2018年因AECOPD入住上海市浦东医院综合内科及呼吸内科的661例患者,分析比较患者的基线特点、COPD稳定期的治疗措施以及住院期间的实验室检查、治疗经过。结果在661例患者中76.6%为男性,平均年龄74.5岁,平均住院时间11.9 d,有24%的患者出现住院时间延长,2.57%的患者需入住重症监护病房(ICU),14.67%的患者需使用无创机械通气(NIV)。AECOPD患者住院时间延长与多种因素有关,首先,患者自身条件包括年龄、低血红蛋白血症、合并慢性肾脏病;其次还与入住的科室、AECOPD的严重程度、住ICU时间以及对NIV的需求相关,差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论导致AECOPD患者住院时间延长的因素主要与住院科室以及对ICU、NIV的需求相关。     

Elevated serum amylase in patients with chronic pancreatitis: Acute attack or macroamylasemia?

Background and aimAsymptomatic patients with chronic pancreatitis not infrequently have elevated concentrations of amylase, even though detailed examination reveals no indication of an acute exacerbation.MethodsOne hundred and eighty-six consecutive patients with chronic pancreatitis were examined clinically and, if indicated, by ultrasonography and computed tomography. In addition, all patients underwent determination of serum amylase and serum lipase as well as amylase/creatinine clearance, followed as required by a polyethylene glycol test and/or chromatography to demonstrate macroamylase.ResultsTwenty (11%) of the 186 patients had macroamylasemia, and 15 of these 20 had hyperamylasemia. In the remaining five cases the serum amylase levels were within the normal range.ConclusionsPatients with asymptomatic chronic pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia should first be investigated for macroamylasemia, before initiating any costly or complex procedures in the attempt to demonstrate a clinically silent or only mildly symptomatic attack of their disease.     

呼吸训练器与缩唇呼气对AECOPD患者排痰效果的对比研究

目的比较呼吸训练器与缩唇呼气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者中的排痰效果。方法于2018年3月至5月因急性加重住院的40例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者随机分为2组,观察和比较呼吸训练器和缩唇呼气的排痰效果。结果呼吸训练器和缩唇呼气干预期间,2组痰液总量和纯痰液容量均比干预前的显著增多(呼吸训练器组:P值均<0.01;缩唇呼气组:P值均<0.05),其中呼吸训练器增加痰液总量比缩唇呼气更显著(P<0.05);呼吸训练器组的痰液水成分容量/痰液总量比值比干预前明显增加(P<0.01),呼吸训练器组的咳嗽难度和痰液性状均比干预前的明显改善(P值均<0.05),呼吸训练器组的痰黏稠度较干预前提高(P<0.05),而缩唇呼气的咳嗽难度、痰液性状和痰黏稠度没有改变;排痰干预后期,2组痰液总量和纯痰液容量均低于干预前期的,2组痰黏稠度均比干预前期增加,其中呼吸训练器组的效果更显著,但咳嗽难度和痰液性状均比干预前期和干预期的明显改善;2组干预期和干预后期,BORG评分和外周氧饱和度均较干预前改善。结论呼吸训练器与缩唇呼气均能帮助AECOPD患者排痰,呼吸训练器更能促进痰水化、改善痰性状和加快排痰。     

Retinoic acid receptor alpha: One of plasma biomarkers associated with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Exacerbation of COPD is a major risk factor for bad prognosis of COPD. A few plasma proteins have been discovered to associate with hospital admission due to exacerbation up to date. We tried to find new plasma biomarkers to predict the exacerbation of COPD. Methods: We examined the plasma of normal control (n = 8) and COPD stable (n = 8) and exacerbation (n = 8) using 2-Dimentional Electrophoresis. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF. ELISA were performed for quantitative measurement of RARα in plasma from normal control (n = 37) and COPD (n = 35). Results: 17 proteins were differentially expressed in plasma between stable and exacerbation state in the subjects with COPD. Identification using MALDI-TOF showed that retinoic acid receptor alpha, ninein, isoform CRA_a, alpha-1 antitrypsin, fibrinogen gamma, tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2, and T cell receptor delta chain were increased in exacerbation of COPD, while fibrin beta, Crystal Structure Of An Autoimmune Complex Between A Human Igm RF* And Igg1 Fc, transferrin, serpin peptidase inhibitor member 6, complement factor B preproprotein, Chain B, Crig Bound To C3c, and WD repeat-containing protein 1 isoform 1 were decreased. Quantitative measurement showed that RARα plasma levels significantly increased in exacerbation state compared to stable state of COPD (n = 14). In the plasma of stable state, the COPD subjects (n = 14) having more than 0.4 time/yr of admission had very high levels of RAR alpha protein and those (n = 11) having less than 0.4 times/yr of admission had the intermediate levels compared to those having no exacerbation (n = 10). ROC analysis of RAR alpha levels to frequency of admission showed an area under the curve of 0.844. A cut-off of 0.154 ng/ml of RAR alpha predicted hospital admission with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 92.8%. Conclusion: The proteomic analysis of plasma indicates that alteration of several proteins may be associated with admission of COPD. Among them, plasma RAR alpha level may predict hospital admission with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 92.8%.