中医医案方剂多维相似度算法设计与探索＊

中医医案方剂具有多维度的特性，单独采用一种相似度算法难以展现方剂数据在各维度的相似情况，具有一定的局限性。本研究基于中医医案方剂的多维数据特点，结合中医临床遣方用药的思维过程，设计了中医医案方剂的多维相似度算法，并以七则国医大师医案为示例，详细展示了该算法的计算过程，同时将多维相似度算法计算结果与传统算法计算结果进行了对比分析。通过对比可以看出本算法能够相对全面地反映不同方剂间的相似度，且结果更为合理也更贴合中医临床实际。     

Prospective DPYD genotyping to reduce the risk of fluoropyrimidine-induced severe toxicity: Ready for prime time

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine (CAP) are among the most frequently prescribed anticancer drugs. They are inactivated in the liver by the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Up to 5% of the population is DPD deficient and these patients have a significantly increased risk of severe and potentially lethal toxicity when treated with regular doses of 5-FU or CAP. DPD is encoded by the gene DPYD and variants in DPYD can lead to a decreased DPD activity. Although prospective DPYD genotyping is a valuable tool to identify patients with DPD deficiency, and thus those at risk for severe and potential life-threatening toxicity, prospective genotyping has not yet been implemented in daily clinical care. Our goal was to present the available evidence in favour of prospective genotyping, including discussion of unjustified worries on cost-effectiveness, and potential underdosing. We conclude that there is convincing evidence to implement prospective DPYD genotyping with an upfront dose adjustment in DPD deficient patients. Immediate benefit in patient care can be expected through decreasing toxicity, while maintaining efficacy.     

临床医学专业留学生临床实习现状分析与思考

来华留学生临床医学专业本科教育（英文授课）项目，是国家留学生教育体系的重要组成部分，提高来华留学生的教学质量是国家医学院校教学中的重要课题之一。通过总结和分析首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院临床医学专业留学生在院内的实习现状，探索加强留学生实习管理的有效措施，推动临床医学专业留学生临床教学的规范化进程，培养出更多高质量的临床医学专业留学生，对于来华留学生的成长是一个非常有意义的课题。     

中西医结合综合疗法治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症临床观察

目的:观察桃红四物汤加减方内服联合中医外治疗法治疗动脉硬化闭塞症的临床效果。方法:将210例临床为动脉硬化闭塞症、辨证为瘀阻脉络型患者随机分为A组、B组和C组。三组在控制血压、血糖、血脂等基础治疗上,分别加用西药常规治疗(A组)、桃红四物汤加减方内服结合西药常规治疗(B组)及中西医结合综合治疗(C组)。检测血清凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平,测量并计算各组患者治疗前及治疗后踝肱指数(ABI),通过B超测量各组患者治疗前及治疗后股浅动脉、胫后动脉和足背动脉的血管内径、峰值流速和血流量。结果:疗效显著性C组B组A组(P0.05);血脂生化指标除PT及FIB治疗前后无统计学意义(P0.05)外,其余指标均有所改善,且改善效果C组优于B组,更优于A组(P0.01);三组治疗后ABI均有改善(P0.05),且改善效果C组优于B组,更优于A组(P0.01);三组治疗后B超检测项目均有改善(P0.05),其中股浅动脉的血流量、足背动脉的峰值速度和血流量的改善效果C组及B组均明显优于A组(P0.01),但C组优于B组不明显,其余检查指标三组内每两组间的治疗效果差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),改善效果C组优于B组,更优于A组。结论:桃红四物汤加减方内服联合中医外治疗法治疗脉络瘀阻型下肢动脉硬化闭塞症可明显改善患者多项血脂生化及血流物理指标,疗效明显优于单纯西医及中药内服结合西药常规治疗。     

A dilemma for doctors

Community physicians have recently, albeit often reluctantly, been involved in preparations for nuclear war. This paper suggests an alternative: that they should use their skills in epidemiology and in preventive and social medicine in the prevention of nuclear war.     

Surveillance and uncertainty: community pharmacy responses to over the counter medicine abuse

The sale of over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines from community pharmacies offers important opportunities for members of the public to access medicines and self‐treat conditions. They are increasingly recognised, however, as having the potential for abuse and harm despite their perceived relative safety. This study reports on a qualitative study that explored the experiences and views of community pharmacy staff in relation to current practices and concerns, management and support relating to OTC medicine abuse. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of ten pharmacists and seven medicines counter assistants in the United Kingdom. Analysis of interviews indicated that a range of medicines was implicated, including opiates, sedative antihistamines, laxatives and decongestants. A surveillance role was apparent for assistants, who placed emphasis on regulations, procedure and monitoring frequency of purchases to manage abuse, with referral on to pharmacists. Frequency of purchase was central to assistants’ definition of those suspected of OTC medicine abuse, which pharmacists also utilised as well as a distinction between intentional abuse and unintentional medicine misuse. A lack of information about customers, easy access to, and poor communication between community pharmacies were emergent barriers to pharmacists providing more support. Many appeared uncertain of referral options or how pharmacists could effectively stop the problem of abuse. The commercial environment was a particular concern, in relation to customer expectations, medicine advertising and easy access to different community pharmacies. A key tension emerged between providing medicine supplies that permitted consumer freedom, with the needs of healthcare professionals to understand more about those consumers qua patients. Policy implications include the need for improved knowledge for community pharmacy staff about signposting to relevant services, increased awareness of who might be affected, and a review of how pharmacists can have more information about patients to inform OTC medicine sales.     

偏头痛的功能医学法治疗：附1例分析报告

偏头痛是成年人常见的一种疾病，复发率高。目前，临床治疗主要以缓解症状为主。本病例采用功能医学思维方法，探寻偏头痛的原因及其发展规律，分析其演变过程，为偏头痛治疗提供新的思路。     

Personalized medicine for non-small-cell lung cancer

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous illness associated with a high mortality rate. Personalized therapy may improve treatment outcomes by identification of a specific genotypic anomaly and target-specific therapy. The most significant development in recent years was the discovery of activated EGF receptor (EGFR) mutations at exons 19 and 21. Patients with EGFR mutations respond dramatically to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as gefitinib or erlotinib, resulting in longer progression-free survival. Multiple randomized studies, including the Iressa Pan-Asia Study and WJTOG3405, have confirmed the role of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as standard first-line therapy for patients with the EGFR mutation. In this article, we summarize the current nonpersonalized therapies and examine the available and investigational personalized therapies for patients with resectable early-stage, unresectable locally advanced, or metastatic disease.     

Free Online Consumer Health Classes

Abstract

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides many avenues for consumers to find and evaluate online health information. In addition to the consumer health Web sites NLM has developed, there are numerous online training modules available through The National Network of Libraries of Medicine's “National Training Center and Clearinghouse's Educational Database.” This database lists available classes and provides contact information for libraries across the country that offer training and education in using the NLM Web sites and in finding and evaluating health information online.