The association of metabolic health obesity with incidence of carotid artery plaque in Chinese adults

Background and aimsWe aimed to evaluate the association between different obese phenotypes with carotid artery plaque (CAP) event.Method and resultsThe current retrospective cohort study was performed in 32,778 Chinese adults (19,221 men and 13,557 women, aged 41.9 ± 11.0 years). Obese phenotypes were assessed based on baseline body mass index (<24.0 vs. ≥24.0 kg/m²) and metabolic characteristics (health vs. unhealth). All the participants were further classified into four groups: metabolic health and normal weight (MHNW), metabolic unhealth and normal weight (MUHNW), metabolic health and overweight (MHO), and metabolic unhealth and overweight (MUHO). Ultrasound B-mode imaging was annually performed to evaluate CAP throughout the study. We have identified 2142 CAP cases during 5-year follow-up. Comparing with the MHNW group, the hazard ratios for the risk of incident CAP was 2.44 (95% CI:1.92 and 3.09) for the MUHNW group, 1.52 (95% CI:1.06 and 2.18) for the MHO group, and 1.8 (95% CI:1.4 and 2.33) for the MUHO group. The association was more pronounced in young adults (<65 y) than that in aged adults (≥65 y). Sensitivity analysis generated similar results with the main analysis.ConclusionMUHNW, MHO, and MUHO were associated with the risk of CAP.     

设立脑心健康管理师对脑卒中病人实施全程管理的效果评价

目的:探讨脑心健康管理师对脑卒中病人实施全程管理的应用效果。方法:选取入住医院的136例脑卒中病人为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组各68例。对照组给予传统管理,试验组在前者基础上实施脑心健康管理师全程管理。在干预前和干预后5个月,分别采用自行设计的脑卒中病人随访服务记录表、生活质量综合评定量表(GQOL-74)、病人对脑心健康管理工作满意度调查表对病人进行评估。结果:试验组病人服药和日常生活行为依从性高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组病人的满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:脑心健康管理师能明显提高对脑卒中病人实施全程管理的效果。     

健康男性前列腺健康指数各年龄段分布曲线特征及临床意义

目的综合对比前列腺特异抗原(PSA)各指标,探讨健康男性各年龄段前列腺健康指数(PHI)指标潜在价值及意义。方法对238名10⁹0岁年龄段马鞍山地区健康男性统一检测tPSA、fPSA、p2PSA等指标,按每10岁一组共分为8组,分别计算各组均值及其95%可信区间(CI),综合对比tPSA、fPSA、%fPSA、p2PSA、%p2PSA及PHI指标,绘制各指标年龄相关分布曲线并统计分析曲线特征。结果与其他曲线趋势不同,PHI指标终生随年龄变化特征相当显著:PHI曲线在1090岁年龄段马鞍山地区健康男性统一检测tPSA、fPSA、p2PSA等指标,按每10岁一组共分为8组,分别计算各组均值及其95%可信区间(CI),综合对比tPSA、fPSA、%fPSA、p2PSA、%p2PSA及PHI指标,绘制各指标年龄相关分布曲线并统计分析曲线特征。结果与其他曲线趋势不同,PHI指标终生随年龄变化特征相当显著:PHI曲线在10²9岁期间相对平稳,但随后出现2个高峰和1个低谷,分别为青春期高峰于3029岁期间相对平稳,但随后出现2个高峰和1个低谷,分别为青春期高峰于30³9岁,PHI=31.83±10.29(95%CI 10.2939岁,PHI=31.83±10.29(95%CI 10.29⁵3.37);老年期最高峰于6053.37);老年期最高峰于60⁶9岁,PHI=42.85±9.06(95%CI 23.9669岁,PHI=42.85±9.06(95%CI 23.96⁶1.75);中年期低谷于4061.75);中年期低谷于40⁴9岁,PHI=9.16±2.05(95%CI 8.1949岁,PHI=9.16±2.05(95%CI 8.19¹6.76)。与fPSA终生持续缓慢上升不同,PHI与tPSA两者均在老年期转向下,但PHI转折点(6016.76)。与fPSA终生持续缓慢上升不同,PHI与tPSA两者均在老年期转向下,但PHI转折点(60⁶9岁)较tPSA提早约10年。结论 PHI与年龄的相关性较PSA单一指标更敏感更超前,似能更准确反映前列腺总体功能在男性各年龄段的生理或病理动态变化特征。同时综合计算多指标而获取的PHI新指标,可能较以往PSA单一肿瘤标记物具有更多的潜在研究价值。     

Is Subjective Outcome Evaluation Related to Objective Outcome Evaluation? Insights from a Longitudinal Study in Hong Kong

Study ObjectivesEmpirical studies investigating the inter-relationships among subjective outcomes and objective outcomes are sparse in the scientific literature. This study examined the relationship between these 2 forms of outcome evaluation data in Chinese adolescents, utilizing longitudinal data.DesignIn Wave 3 and Wave 4 of a randomized group trial, 2,784 Chinese secondary school students responded to the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS) assessing objective outcome at pretest (Wave 3) and posttest (Wave 4). Students in the experimental schools also responded to a measure of client satisfaction assessing the subjective outcome of a positive youth development program at posttest (Wave 4).ResultsSubjective outcome evaluation measures (eg, process, program, and effectiveness) at Wave 3 were significantly correlated with CPYDS scores at Wave 4 and difference scores. Subjective outcome evaluation measures also predicted changes in the objective outcome evaluation measures scores across time.ConclusionsThe present findings replicated the previous findings that subjective outcome and objective outcome evaluation findings were intimately related, and subjective outcome measures predicted posttest measures and their changes over time. The present study suggests that subjective outcome evaluation findings may yield useful information regarding program effectiveness in youth work settings.     

关键业绩指标体系提高护士工作效率的探讨

护理服务质量的提升和护理事业的快速发展离不开护理人员的效率提升.本研究尝试将现代管理方法中的关键业绩指标(KPI)引入护理管理,旨在构建质量和效益均衡发展的新型绩效考核体系,以达到对医疗卫生服务的重点活动及其核心效果进行直接控制和衡量,进而实现医院和员工的可持续发展.     

上海市某健康社区居民健康知识与健康行为干预效果

目的 探索健康社区建设工作对提高居民健康知识知晓程度与促进居民健康行为形成水平的效果.方法 采用多阶段抽样方法,使用统一的调查问卷,分别在2009年4月和2011年10月,对上海市某健康社区所辖11个镇/街道的768名居民进行干预前的基线调查和干预后的追踪调查.结果 干预后该健康社区居民对健康知识的知晓率(82.69％)高于干预前(70.63％),干预后的健康行为形成率(74.36％)高于干预前(63.06％),干预前后健康知识知晓率的差异和干预前后健康行为形成率的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 健康社区建设工作可以有效提高居民对健康知识的知晓程度,可以有效促进居民健康行为的形成水平,应持续大力推广健康社区建设工作.