生姜、干姜炮制对厚朴挥发性成分影响比较

目的:探讨生姜、干姜及其炮制同一药物(厚朴)后挥发性成分的差异。方法:采用GC-MS对生姜、干姜、厚朴生品、生姜制厚朴和干姜制厚朴的挥发油类成分及其含量进行测定。结果:干姜中含有的挥发油总量高于生姜,干姜制厚朴挥发油总量也略高于生姜制厚朴;生姜中检测出9种化合物,干姜中检测出38种化合物,有4种化合物为两者共有;厚朴生品中发现16种成分,生姜制厚朴16种成分,干姜制厚朴17种成分,三者共同成分5种,生姜制厚朴和干姜制厚朴中两者共有成分14种,其中4种化合物生姜制姜厚朴相对质量分数高于干姜制姜厚朴,其余成分均为干姜制姜厚朴相对质量分数高于生姜制姜厚朴。结论:干姜和生姜制厚朴的挥发油在成分种类和含量上有一定区别,研究结果将为生姜、干姜的辅料作用差异奠定基础。     

Effect of a polyphenol-rich dietary supplement containing Pinus massoniana bark extract on blood pressure in healthy adults: A parallel,randomized placebo-controlled trial

ObjectivesHigh blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and prevalence rates continue to rise with ageing populations. Polypharmacy remains a burden among the ageing, thus alternative effective strategies are warranted. This study investigated the effects of a polyphenols rich dietary supplement containing Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) for modulating BP in healthy Australian adults.DesignThis study is a secondary analysis of data from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.MethodsSixty-two healthy adults aged 55–75 years were randomized to receive 50 mL dietary supplement containing placebo (0 mg PMBE) or PMBE (1322 mg PMBE) daily for 12 weeks. Seated systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) were measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Effects of PMBE on modulating BP was also explored in this study stratified for SBP status (optimal v high) as well as by SBP medication status. Mixed effect regression modelling was employed involving fixed categorical effects for elapsed time, treatment assignment and their interaction as well as random subject-level intercept to account for within-subject correlations resulting from repeated measurements. Significant models were further examined by addition of covariates and power calculations were performed since this study was a secondary analysis.ResultsSBP significantly reduced (−3.29 mmHg, p = 0.028) after PMBE at 12 weeks compared to baseline. SBP in individuals with normal-high SBP (>120 mmHg) in the PMBE group reduced by − 6.46 mmHg (p = 0.001) at 12 weeks compared to baseline. No significant changes were reported for individuals with optimal (≤120 mmHg) SBP nor did DBP significantly change in either study groups. In individuals with non-medicated normal-high SBP, SBP significantly reduced by − 7.49 mmHg (p = 0.001) and DBP by − 3.06 mmHg (p = 0.011) at 12 weeks compared to baseline after PMBE. Cross-group comparisons were not statistically different.ConclusionsA polyphenol-rich dietary supplement derived from PMBE led to a clinically and statistically significant reduction in SBP in adults. Future studies to investigate the effects of PMBE-polyphenol supplementation on BP are warranted to confirm and explore optimal dose and impact on hypertension.     

Cinnamon bark oil, a potent fungitoxicant against fungi causing respiratory tract mycoses

Cinnamic aldehyde has been identified as the active fungitoxic constituent of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) bark oil. The fungitoxic properties of the vapours of the oil/active constituent against fungi involved in respiratory tract mycoses, i.e., Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. flavus, Candida albicans, C. tropicalls, C. pseudotropicalis , and Histoplasma capsulatum , were determined in vitro as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum lethal concentration (MLC), inoculum density sustained, and exposure duration for fungicidal action at MIC and higher doses, as well as effect of incubation temperatures on fungitoxicity. It is concluded that these inhalable vapours appear to approach the ideal chemotherapy for respiratory tract mycoses.     

Simultaneous determination of betulin and betulinic acid in white birch bark using RP-HPLC

A simple procedure is described for the simultaneous extraction and determination of betulin and betulinic acid in white birch bark. The extraction was checked using different solvents: dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, methanol and 95% ethanol (aqueous solution, v/v). It was found 95% ethanol was a good extraction solvent that allowed extraction of triterpenoid with a highest content. Separation was achieved on a reversed phase C(18) column with acetonitrile-water 86:14 (v/v). Detection was accomplished with UV detection at lambda=210 nm. Using this method, the bioactive triterpenoid in white birch bark were simultaneously determined. Significant variations in the content of betulin and betulinic acid in white birch bark growing in different locations of China were also observed.     

椿皮中铁屎米酮的分离及其体外抗菌活性研究

目的：探讨椿皮粗生物碱,椿皮特征生物碱成分铁屎米酮的体外抗菌效果。方法：用高速逆流色谱（HSCCC）从椿皮的粗生物碱部位分离得到特征性生物碱成分铁屎米酮,采用药物二倍稀释法与菌落计数联合测定椿皮粗生物碱及特征性生物碱铁屎米酮对大肠埃希杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围。结果：椿皮粗生物碱对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围为0.103-0.207mg/mL,对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围为0.3125-0.625mg/mL,椿皮中特征生物碱铁屎米酮对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度范围为21.25-42.5μg/mL,对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）范围为4.8828-9.7656μg/mL。而椿皮粗生物碱、椿皮中特征生物碱铁屎米酮在本实验所设浓度范围内对大肠埃希杆菌均无抑制作用。结论：铁屎米酮生物碱对白色念珠菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强的抑制作用,为开发中药单体活性成分治疗由白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌引起的妇科常见疾病提供理论依据。     

Prostitution and Drugs

Abstract

There are several reports that the bark of the rainforest tree Galbulimima belgraveana (F. Muell.) Sprague has been chewed for its psychoactive properties in Papua New Guinea. Twenty-eight alkaloids have been isolated from Galbulimima bark. There is no direct pharmacological evidence that any of these alkaloids are psychoactive. Two different pharmacological explanations for the reported psychoactive properties of Galbulimima bark are offered.     

厚朴提取物对大鼠CYP2D6亚型酶的影响

目的观察厚朴提取物对大鼠CYP2D6亚型酶的影响。方法将16只成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,2组分别经口给予生理盐水和厚朴提取物1周,采用高效液相色潜法（HPLC）测定大鼠尿样及肝微粒体中CYP2D6的探针药物右美沙芬（DM）的代谢率,观察厚朴提取物对CYP2D6亚型酶活性的影响,并通过特异性抑制剂确定肝微粒体重组系统中厚朴提取物对CYP2D6亚型酶活性的影响。结果实验组大鼠尿样及体外肝微粒体中DM代谢率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义;厚朴提取物组肝微粒体中DM代谢率显著低于西咪替丁组和对照组,差异有统计学意义,而西咪替丁组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论厚朴提取物可有效抑制CYP2D6亚型酶的活性,且抑制能力优于西咪替丁。     

Inhibition of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma by Manilkara zapota L. stem bark in Swiss albino mice

Objective

To evaluate the antitumor activity of Manilkara zapota (M. zapota) L. stem bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice.

Methods

The in vivo antitumour activity of the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark of M. zapota L. (EASM) was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw against EAC using mean survival time. After administration of the extract of M. zapota, viable EAC cell count and body weight in the EAC tumour hosts were observed. The animal was also observed for improvement in the haematological parameters (e.g., heamoglobin content, red and white blood cells count and differential cell count) after EASM treatment.

Results

Intraperitoneal administration of EASM reduced viable EAC cells, increased the survival time, and restored altered haematological parameters. Significant efficacy was observed for EASM at 100 mg/kg dose (P<0.05).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark of M. zapota L. possesses significant antitumour activity.     

加味虎杖散治疗ⅢB型前列腺炎临床观察

目的探讨加味虎杖散治疗ⅢB型前列腺炎的临床疗效。方法将128例患者随机分为两组,治疗组68例予加味虎杖散治疗,对照组60例予坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗,观察1个月。结果治疗组总有效率和总显效率分别为88.2%和58.8%,对照组分别为60.0%和28.3%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组在缓解疼痛、提高生活质量、降低NIH-CPSI总评分方面均优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论加味虎杖散治疗ⅢB型前列腺炎有良效。     

Experimental evaluation of Myracrodruon urundeuva bark extract for antidiarrhoeal activity

The bark of M. urundeuva (Anacardiaceae) used in popular medicine as an antidiarrhoeal agent has been investigated for its effects on castor oil-induced diarrhoea and on intestinal motility. In rats, the ethanol extract of stem bark significantly inhibited the castor oil-induced diarrhoea, small intestinal transit and accumulation of fluid volume at an oral dose of 400 mg/kg. Furthermore, the plant extract caused marked inhibition of the contractile responses evoked by acetylcholine and histamine on guinea-pig ileum in vitro. These results point to a possible antidiarrhoeic effect of M. urundeuva bark extract since inhibition of intestinal motility and secretion can greatly control clinical diarrhoea. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.