仙人掌肉质茎的化学成分

目的研究仙人掌的化学成分。方法应用多种柱色谱方法进行分离和纯化,采用NMR和MS等波谱手段签定化学结构。结果从仙人掌肉质茎的乙醇提取物中分离出5个化合物,并分别鉴定为:1[6αD吡喃葡萄糖甲苷)]L(-)苹果酸甲酯(Ⅰ)、1(3乙基苯基)1,2乙二醇(Ⅱ)、(S)3羟基3甲基戊二酸甲酯(Ⅲ)、乙基αD呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅳ)、乙基βD吡喃果糖苷(Ⅴ)。结论化合物Ⅱ~Ⅴ均为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物I为新化合物,命名为仙人掌酯B。     

醋酸甲羟孕酮的极谱行为及其分析应用

目的:研究醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)的电极反应机理,拟定了测定MPA的单扫描示波极谱法。方法:用单扫描示波极谱法、快速扫描循环伏安法、恒电位电解法、紫外分光光度法等多种技术进行研究。结果:在醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,MPA的C=C双键首先发生单电子单质子还原,产生了中间体自由基HMPA·。随后HMPA·可以单电子单质子方式进一步还原,形成产物H2MPA;同时也可以与中性MPA分子形成二聚体自由基HMPA·MPA·。在0.2mol·L^-1HAc—NaAc缓冲液中,MPA还原波的二阶导数峰电流iP″与其浓度C_MPA在2.0×10^-6～6.0×10^-5mol·L^-1范围内成线性关系,相关系数γ=0.998。结论:证实MPA的还原过程有中间体自由基参与。     

氯氟乙酯(21例)和地西泮(22例)治疗焦虑障碍的疗效和安全性比较

目的评价氯氟     

醋酸铅对豚鼠耳蜗橄榄束传出神经毒性的研究

目的探讨醋酸铅对豚鼠内侧橄榄耳蜗传出神经的损害。方法 70只成年健康豚鼠随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组(10只)豚鼠腹腔注射生理盐水1ml,共7次。实验组又分为高铅组和低铅组(各30只),分别每天1次腹腔注射0.25%醋酸铅溶液40mg/kg和10mg/kg,连续一周,分别于停药后14、28天(各15只))进行血铅含量和畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)检测,检测完成后断头处死,行基底膜铺片染色。结果实验组醋酸铅染毒后,血清中铅含量迅速升高。对照组和低铅组耳蜗传出神经分布均匀,神经纤维连续,DPOAE出现了不同程度的对侧声抑制效应,低铅组14天和28天抑制幅度分别为3.06±1.19dB和2.86±1.33dB;高铅组14天后耳蜗传出神经纤维连续性中断,乙酰胆碱酯酶终末反应物减少,DPOAE对侧声抑制幅度下降为0.74±0.61dB;高铅组28天后传出神经损害最为显著,DPOAE未引出。结论铅可对豚鼠内侧橄榄耳蜗传出神经产生不可逆性的损害。     

Dietary Fibre and Organic Acids in Kiwifruit Suppress Glycaemic Response Equally by Delaying Absorption—A Randomised Crossover Human Trial with Parallel Analysis of 13C-Acetate Uptake

Non-sugar components of kiwifruit reduce the amplitude of the glycaemic response to co-consumed cereal starch. We determined the relative contribution of different non-sugar kiwifruit components to this anti-glycaemic effect. Healthy participants (n = 9) ingested equal carbohydrate meals containing 20 g starch as wheat biscuit (WB, 30 g), and the sugar equivalent of two kiwifruit (KFsug, 20.4 g), either intrinsic or added as glucose, fructose and sucrose (2:2:1). The meals were WB+KFsug (control, no non-sugar kiwifruit components), WB + whole kiwifruit pulp (WB+KF), WB + neutralised kiwifruit pulp (WB+KFneut), WB + low-fibre kiwifruit juice (WB+KFjuice) and WB+KFsug + kiwifruit organic acids (WB+KFsug+OA). All meals were spiked with 100 mg sodium [1-¹³C] acetate to measure intestinal absorption. Each participant ingested all meals in random order. Blood glucose and breath ¹³CO₂ were measured at ingestion and at 15 min intervals up to 180 min. Compared with WB+KFsug, whole kiwifruit pulp (WB+KF) almost halved glycaemic response amplitude (p < 0.001), reduced incremental area under the blood glucose response curve (iAUC) at 30 min (peak) by 50% (p < 0.001), and averted late postprandial hypoglycaemia. All other treatments suppressed response amplitude half as much as whole kiwifruit and averted acute hypoglycaemia, with little effect on iAUC. Effects on ¹³CO₂ exhalation paralleled effects on blood glucose (R² = 0.97). Dietary fibre and organic acids contributed equally to the anti-glycaemic effect of kiwifruit by reducing intestinal absorption rate. Kiwifruit flesh effectively attenuates glycaemic response in carbohydrate exchange, as it contains fructose, dietary fibre and organic acids.     

HPLC法测定泻痢停片中醋酸泼尼松的含量

目的　建立泻痢停片中醋酸泼尼松的高效液相检测法。方法　色谱柱为HypersilODS2 (5 μm ,4.6mm× 2 0 0mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -水 (5 8∶42 ) ,流速 1.0ml min ,检测波长 2 40nm ,氢化可的松为内标物。结果　醋酸泼尼松和内标的保留时间分别为 11.4min和 7.5min。在 80～ 2 40 μg ml浓度范围内 ,醋酸泼尼松与内标峰面积之比和浓度呈良好的线性关系 (r =0 .9998) ,醋酸泼尼松平均回收率为 99.92 % ,RSD为 0 .2 4%。结论　用高效液相色谱法测定醋酸泼尼松的含量 ,有简便、准确、灵敏度高的优点 ,可用于该制剂的质量控制     

南川木波罗根皮的化学成分

目的:研究南川木波罗根皮的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶、Diaion HP20大孔吸附树脂、MCI gel CHP 20P树脂凝胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、ODS等柱色谱分离手段,对南川木波罗根皮醇提物的乙酸乙酯部位进行化学成分的分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质及光谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:分离了9个化合物,分别鉴定为4-羟基苯甲醛(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde)(1),2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid)(2),香豆酸(p-coumaric acid)(3),儿茶素[(+)catechin](4),(E)-阿魏酸甲酯[(E)-ferulic acid methyl ester](5),E-对-羟基肉桂酸甲酯(p-E-hedroxycinnamic acid methyl ester)(6),norartocarpetin(7),反式氧化白黎芦醇(trans-oxyresveratrol)(8),moracin M(9)。结论:化合物1,2,5,6为首次从桑科植物中获得,化合物3为首次在波罗蜜属植物中发现,而化合物7~9为首次从南川木波罗中分离得到。     

术前给予醋酸亮丙瑞林对子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剔除术手术效果研究

目的:研究术前给予醋酸亮丙瑞林对子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剔除术手术效果影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2012年10月到2017年10月间行子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剔除术患者120例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各60例。对照组患者仅行子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剔除术治疗,观察组患者子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剔除术前,皮下注射醋酸亮丙瑞林预处理。比较两组患者的手术和术后效果指标,同时比较观察组患者治疗前后的血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、雌二醇水平和月经量、子宫体积、肌瘤体积等。结果:观察组患者的术中出血量、盆腔引流量、首次下床活动时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),观察组患者治疗后的血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、雌二醇水平均明显低于治疗前(P<0.01),月经量、子宫体积、肌瘤体积均明显低于治疗前(P<0.01)。结论:子宫肌瘤腹腔镜剔除术术前给予醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗,能够有效调节患者激素水平和月经量,缩小子宫肌瘤体积,提高术前准备质量,有助于患者手术开展和术后恢复,值得在临床推广。     

高效液相色谱法检测止咳平喘类中成药中非法添加的醋酸泼尼松、茶碱

目的建立测定止咳平喘类中成药中非法添加化学药品醋酸泼尼松、茶碱的方法。方法采用反相高效液相色谱法,十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱,流动相甲醇-水,流速1.0 mL/min,测定波长为240 nm和275 nm,柱温35℃。结果醋酸泼尼松进样量在2.078 4×10-2～1.558 8μg,茶碱进样量在1.323 2×10-2～1.323 2μg范围内分别与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.27%和98.10%,RSD分别为1.4%和1.2%。结论该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于止咳平喘类中药中以醋酸泼尼松、茶碱为指标的非法添加成分的检测。     

Isolated Peritoneal Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Presenting with Massive Ascites: A Case Report

The peritoneal carcinomatosis of prostate cancer without bone or other visceral organ involvement is extremely rare. We report a case of an isolated peritoneal metastasis of prostate cancer in a patient without other metastatic sites and a history of prostate surgery. A 63-year-old male with locally advanced prostate cancer without known distant metastasis on androgen deprivation therapy presented with abdominal distension that had persisted for a month. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) showed gastric wall thickening and a moderate amount of ascites. The gastroscopy showed hyperemic mucosal patches on the antrum body. A cytological examination of the ascites fluid was negative for malignant cells. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed multiple nodules in the peritoneum. A biopsy was performed. Histological findings were compatible with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, which was immunohistochemically positive for pan-cytokeratin, the androgen receptor, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The patient was then treated with abiraterone acetate. After 1 month of treatment, both ascites and the PSA value decreased. We describe an extremely rare case of isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis from prostate cancer without any organ metastasis or history of surgery. Clinicians should be aware of these very rare metastases of prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy may be helpful for such cases.