Cancer support groups – are they effective?

Cancer causes significatlt emotional distress to a considerable majority of patients. Many of these patients typically receive little formal psychological intervention. Support groups, however, have provided one forum from which patients can attempt to gain help and can use to overcome some psychological trauma that accompanies the cancer hagnosis, subsequent treatment and relapse. This article reviews past studies of professionally run cancer support groups as opposed to psychological intervention groups. These studies are considered in light of the proposed benefits and the methodological limitations frequently inherent in such studies.     

重视医学信用伦理的研究与开发

医疗行业市场化是必然趋势。在医疗行业市场化进程中，医学伦理道德除了道德价值之外，还含有积极的经济内涵。医学伦理道德也是重要的医疗资源，通过参与医疗市场资源的配制和运作，也可以产生经济效益，转化为医疗资本。医疗行业要重视医学伦理道德资源的开发。信用伦理是在市场经济条件下形成的，这是医学伦理学所面临的新课题。笔者认为，不说谎、不期诈，兑现承诺，保证医疗质量，发扬医学人道主义，是医学信用伦理的四项基本标准。     

循证护理学在实践中的应用

循证护理的核心思想是任何护理决策都要建立在临床客观证据的基础上。护理过程中应进一步开展临床试验研究，以提供更好的护理依据。对临床护理工作中存在的同一问题有不同研究结果的情况，要用系统评价的方法进行分析，得出综合可靠的结论。作举例说明循证护理的实施方法。     

环糊精在鼻腔给药系统中的应用

综述了环糊精作为鼻腔给药系统赋形剂的应用及安全性.     

Systematic review of methods to diagnose infection in foot ulcers in diabetes.

AIM: To undertake a systematic review of the diagnostic performance of clinical examination, sample acquisition and sample analysis in infected foot ulcers in diabetes. METHODS: Nineteen electronic databases plus other sources were searched. To be included, studies had to fulfil the following criteria: (i) compare a method of clinical assessment, sample collection or sample analysis with a reference standard; (ii) recruit diabetic individuals with foot ulcers; (ii) present 2 x 2 diagnostic data. Studies were critically appraised using a 12-item checklist. RESULTS: Three eligible studies were identified, one each on clinical examination, sample collection and sample analysis. For all three, study groups were heterogeneous with respect to wound type and a small proportion of participants had foot ulcers due to diabetes. No studies identified an optimum reference standard. Other methodological problems included non-blind interpretation of tests and the time lag between index and reference tests. Individual signs or symptoms of infection did not prove to be useful tests when assessed against punch biopsy as the reference standard. The wound swab did not perform well when assessed against tissue biopsy. Semiquantitative analysis of wound swab might be a useful alternative to quantitative analysis. The limitations of these findings and their impact on recommendations from relevant clinical guidelines are discussed. CONCLUSION: Given the importance of this topic, it is surprising that only three eligible studies were identified. It was not possible to describe the optimal methods of diagnosing infection in diabetic patients with foot ulceration from the evidence identified in this systematic review.     

新型经皮渗透促进剂的研究进展

介绍国内外近年来报道的新型经皮渗透促进剂的研究与开发进展,重点介绍若干具代表性的新合成的化合物以及新发现的天然产物,包括内酰胺类、糖苷类、氨基酸衍生物、聚合物、挥发油和酶类等,为合成和发现更加安全、高效的促渗剂提供线索.