Associations of resting and peak fat oxidation with sex hormone profile and blood glucose control in middle-aged women

Background and aimsMenopause may reduce fat oxidation. We investigated whether sex hormone profile explains resting fat oxidation (RFO) or peak fat oxidation (PFO) during incremental cycling in middle-aged women. Secondarily, we studied associations of RFO and PFO with glucose regulation.Method and resultsWe measured RFO and PFO of 42 women (age 52–58 years) with indirect calorimetry. Seven participants were pre- or perimenopausal, 26 were postmenopausal, and nine were postmenopausal hormone therapy users. Serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and testosterone levels were quantified with immunoassays. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and glucose tolerance (area under the curve) were determined by glucose tolerance testing. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; physical activity with self-report and accelerometry; and diet, with food diaries. Menopausal status or sex hormone levels were not associated with the fat oxidation outcomes. RFO determinants were fat mass (β = 0.44, P = 0.006) and preceding energy intake (β = ?0.40, P = 0.019). Cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.59, P = 0.002), lean mass (β = 0.49, P = 0.002) and physical activity (self-reported β = 0.37, P = 0.020; accelerometer-measured β = 0.35, P = 0.024) explained PFO. RFO and PFO were not related to insulin sensitivity. Higher RFO was associated with poorer glucose tolerance (β = 0.52, P = 0.002).ConclusionAmong studied middle-aged women, sex hormone profile did not explain RFO or PFO, and higher fat oxidation capacity did not indicate better glucose control.     

Opposing Roles of Estradiol and Testosterone on Stress-Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats

Chronic stress produces maladaptive pain responses, manifested as alterations in pain processing and exacerbation of chronic pain conditions including irritable bowel syndrome. Female predominance, especially during reproductive years, strongly suggests a role of gonadal hormones. However, gonadal hormone modulation of stress-induced pain hypersensitivity is not well understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that estradiol is pronociceptive and testosterone is antinociceptive in a model of stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SIVH) in rats by recording the visceromotor response to colorectal distention after a 3-day forced swim (FS) stress paradigm. FS induced visceral hypersensitivity that persisted at least 2 weeks in female, but only 2 days in male rats. Ovariectomy blocked and orchiectomy facilitated SIVH. Furthermore, estradiol injection in intact male rats increased SIVH and testosterone in intact female rats attenuated SIVH. Western blot analyses indicated estradiol increased excitatory glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 expression and decreased inhibitory metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expression after FS in male thoracolumbar spinal cord. In addition, the presence of estradiol during stress increased spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression independent of sex. In contrast, testosterone blocked the stress-induced increase in BDNF expression in female rats. These data suggest that estradiol facilitates and testosterone attenuates SIVH by modulating spinal excitatory and inhibitory glutamatergic receptor expression.

戊酸雌二醇/醋酸环丙孕酮片治疗围绝经期症状的效果研究

目的 探讨戊酸雌二醇/醋酸环丙孕酮片在改善围绝经期女性更年期症状的效果。方法对2012年1月1日至2012年10月30日,在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院更年期专病门诊就诊的围绝经期女性,在排除雌激素应用禁忌症后,使用戊酸雌二醇/醋酸环丙孕酮片治疗围绝经期症状,每日1片,连续服用21d停药,于停药出血后第5天开始第二周期服药,共3个月经周期。比较治疗前及治疗3个周期后患者更年期症状的改善情况。采用改良kupperman评分表评估更年期症状的改善程度、采用MRS评分法评估更年期症状对更年期生活质量的影响。结果 135例围绝经期接受戊酸雌二醇/醋酸环丙孕酮片的HRT方案妇女中有101例坚持治疗,依从性为74.8%,其中纳入研究的34例均能按医嘱定期服药、随访者,另有33例因各种原因未定期随访但坚持HRT。34例纳入研究患者的平均年龄47.3±3.76岁。经过3个周期戊酸雌二醇/醋酸环丙孕酮片治疗后,kuppeman总分由治疗前18.5±3.2降至11.9±5.2(P＜0.01),感觉异常,眩晕、头痛心悸及泌尿生殖道症状外其余症状评分均显著改善。MRS评分由治疗前10.9±4.2降至6.7±3.5(P＜0.01)。结论戊酸雌二醇/醋酸环丙孕酮片能显著改善围绝经期症状,未发现严重不良反应;患者依从性良好,值得临床进一步推广。     

泪腺炎患者血清性激素变化及其与γ-IFN、IL-4的相关性

目的 观察泪腺炎患者血清中雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、睾酮(testosterone,T)、泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)水平的变化,并探讨这种变化与血清中γ-干扰素(γ-interferon,γ-IFN)、白细胞介素4(interleukin-4,IL-4)变化的关系.方法 收集42例2013年11月至2014年10月我院确诊为泪腺炎的患者炎症期(炎症期组)与炎症缓解期(缓解期组)的血清,40例同年龄段于我院体检的正常人血清作为正常对照组,采用电化学发光法检测血清中E2、T、PRL的水平,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中γ-IFN、IL-4水平.结果 泪腺炎患者炎症期组血清E2、PRL水平分别为(64.12±35.92) ng·L-1和(17.63±8.59) μg·L-1,显著高于缓解期组的(43.16 ±26.57)ng·L-1和(10.30±5.59) μg·L-1及正常对照组的(41.92±21.68)ng·L-1和(9.08±2.61) μg·L-1,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05);炎症期组与缓解期组血清T分别为(0.80±1.36) μg·L-1和(0.79±1.42) μg·L-1,与正常对照组的(1.76±2.49) μg·L-1相比差异均有统计学意义(均为P ＜0.05).炎症期组血清γ-IFN、IL-4水平分别为(353.12±108.36)ng·L-1和(1200.43±314.69)ng·L-1,显著高于缓解期组的(192.68±43.16)ng·L-1和(919.38±227.16)ng·L-1及正常对照组的(190.93±36.40)ng·L-1和(853.37±172.31)ng·L-1,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).E2与γ-IFN、IL-4水平呈正相关(均为P＜0.05);T与γ-IFN、IL-4水平呈负相关(均为P＜0.05);PRL与γ-IFN、IL-4水平呈正相关(均为P＜0.05).女性患者炎症期组血清γ-IFN水平为(344.46±112.06)ng·L-1,高于男性的(292.98±71.27)ng·L-1(P＜0.05),E2/T比值为665.36,明显高于男性的13.91(P ＜0.05).结论 泪腺炎患者血清中性激素E2、PRL的升高、T的降低及E2/T比例失调可能介导Th1、Th2细胞免疫通路的平衡紊乱从而致病.女性体内高水平的雌激素可能是导致女性易患自身免疫性疾病的主要原因.     

Effect of estrogen plasma binding on sexual differentiation of the rat fetus.

alpha-Fetoprotein, the estradiol-binding plasma protein (EBP), binds estradiol but not R 2858 (11beta-methoxy-17-ethynyl-estradiol) specifically. R 2858 interferes more markedly than estradiol with the sexual differentiation of the male rat fetus following treatment of the mother during the final stages of gestation. Moreover, its tissular uptake is higher. These facts suggest that alpha-fetoprotein protects the fetus from the high circulating hormone concentrations present in the pregnant mother. The hormone, once transferred to the fetus, is retained in its vascular bed by EBP.     

消乳散结胶囊联合他莫昔芬治疗乳腺增生症的疗效观察

目的 研究瑞香狼毒Stellera chamaejasme花中黄酮和木脂素类化学成分及其抗氧化活性,分析构效关系。方法 利用大孔吸附树脂、正反相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等色谱分离材料,通过柱色谱和高效液相色谱等分离方法进行分离纯化,运用核磁共振（NMR）、质谱（MS）等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构,并采用FRAP法、DPPH法和ABTS法对分离得到的化合物进行体外抗氧化活性测试。结果 从瑞香狼毒花甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了12个化合物,分别鉴定为艾黄素（1）、槲皮素（2）、isoscutellarein-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside（3）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（4）、紫云英苷（5）、hypolaetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside（6）、kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→2）-O-α-L-xylopyranoside（7）、rel-（3R,3''S,4R,4''S）-3,3'',4,4''-tetrahydro-6,6''-dimethoxy[3,3''-bi-2H-benzopyran]-4,4''-diol（8）、马台树脂醇（9）、乌拉尔醇（10）、环黄芪醇（11）、松脂醇（12）。抗氧化活性实验表明,黄酮和木脂素类化合物均显示了较强的抗氧化活性。结论 化合物1、3、5～7和10为首次从该植物中分离得到;化合物2、4、5和10表现出显著的抗氧化活性,其中黄酮类化合物C-3或C-8位连有糖链会降低其抗氧化活性。     

Metabolic transitions at menopause: In post-menopausal women the increase in serum uric acid correlates with abdominal adiposity as assessed by DXA

Objectives

The present study aimed to investigate any associations between parameters of body fat mass distribution and levels of serum uric acid (sUA), a well-documented cardiovascular risk factor, among non-obese women ranging from pre- to post-menopausal status.

Methods

In this cross-sectional population-based study we assessed body fat distribution by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and sUA levels in 101 pre- and 134 post-menopausal non-obese apparently healthy women.

Results

Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that sUA was independently associated to the indicators of overall fatness, i.e. body mass index (β = 0.339, p < 0.001) and DXA-assessed total and percentage body fat (β = 0.366, p < 0.001 and β = 0.412, p < 0.001, respectively), only among post-menopausal women. Within this sample subset, trunk (i.e. central) fat mass emerged as a strong predictor of sUA (β = 0.408, p < 0.001), after taking the potential confounders (including body mass index) into account.

Conclusion

Central fat accumulation was found to be independently associated with higher sUA levels among non-obese women in post- but not among those in pre-menopause.