抗CCP抗体、RF、CRP和ESR检测在RA诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)在早期类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中的水平变化及其在诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法选取2015年12月至2016年6月在该院就诊的早期RA患者210例(RA组),其中男28例,女182例;同时选取其他风湿病患者115例(非RA组),其中男38例,女77例;健康体检者85例(健康组),其中男46例,女39例。采用胶乳增强免疫比浊法定量检测抗CCP抗体;采用免疫比浊法定量检测RF及CRP水平;采用魏氏法检测ESR,检测其在RA及非RA的其他自身免疫系统病患者体内的水平变化。结果 RA组的抗CCP的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别是60.95%、97.64%、98.46%、50.30%、0.59;RF检测分别是52.38%、95.29%、96.49%、44.75%、0.48;CRP检测分别是30.48%、89.41%、87.67%、87.67%、34.23%、0.20;ESR检测分别是49.52%、87.06%、90.43%、41.11%、0.37。RA组抗CCP抗体水平明显高于RF水平,两者的检测结果明显高于非RA组和健康组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。CRP与ESR检测RA组与非RA组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在RA患者中抗CCP抗体水平较高,明显优于RF检测,抗CCP抗体检测对RA早期诊断有较高的价值。     

235家临床实验室红细胞沉降率参考区间和医学决定水平的现况调查

目的调查全国235家实验室红细胞沉降率(ESR)参考区间和医学决定水平的现状。方法利用基于Web方式的室间质量评价软件系统,收集参加2014年ESR参考区间调查室间质量评价计划的实验室与参考区间和医学决定水平有关的结果。使用SPSS 13.0软件对所有参加的实验室结果进行分析,按照仪器对各实验室进行分组进行参考区间和医学决定水平的统计描述。结果参加调查ESR参考区间的实验室数量为235家,其中96家上报了医学决定水平。参考区间来源中,比例最高的为《全国临床检验操作规程》(80.85%),接下来依次为教科书(8.51%)、仪器试剂厂家说明书(6.38%)、实验室自己确定(2.98%)和其他。医学决定水平的来源中,最多的也是《全国临床检验操作规程》(75.00%),其次为仪器试剂厂家说明书(15.63%)。仅有45.11%和46.88%的参与实验室在使用参考区间和医学决定水平前对其进行了验证。分别有168家和72家实验室按照性别对ESR参考区间和医学决定水平进行了区分。男、女和未分组的参考区间上限和医学决定水平在不同仪器组无明显差异(P0.05)。结论我国ESR参考区间和医学决定水平的现况不尽如人意,目前急需一致的国家标准来指导实验室制订适当的ESR参考区间和医学决定水平。     

常用筛查方法在地中海贫血诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨常用地中海贫血(简称地贫)筛查方法红细胞平均体积(MCV)、红细胞脆性试验(一管定量法)、血红蛋白(Hb)电泳分析等单项或联合检测在地贫诊断中的应用。方法研究对象来自肇庆市第一人民医院产检、婚检及健康体检者,经基因确诊为地贫200例,非地贫80例,分析其MCV、红细胞脆性试验、Hb电泳分析等不同检测方法单项或联合检测诊断地贫的灵敏度和特异度。结果 MCV、红细胞脆性试验、Hb电泳分析等3种方法单项检测对地贫诊断的灵敏度分别为97.5%、86.0%和82.0%,特异度分别为76.3%、88.8%和93.8%,MCV与红细胞脆性试验联合检测的灵敏度和特异度分别为80.5%、90.0%,红细胞脆性与Hb电泳分析的灵敏度和特异度分别为75.5%和95.0%,MCV与红细胞脆性及Hb电泳3项联合检测的灵敏度和特异度为72.0%、100%。结论用MCV筛查地贫灵敏度较高,可作为筛查的首选方法 ,MCV、红细胞脆性试验及Hb电泳联合检测能大大提高诊断特异度。但这些方法对α地贫,尤其是轻型及静止型α地贫漏诊率较高。     

红景天苷对高原红细胞增多症大鼠红细胞膜结构和功能的影响

目的研究红景天苷对高原红细胞增多症(HAPC)大鼠红细胞膜结构与功能的影响,为红景天苷防治HAPC提供科学依据。方法 40只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、HAPC模型组及红景天苷高、中、低剂量(200、100、50 mg/kg)组,每组8只,雌雄各半。除对照组外,其余4组制备HAPC模型。对照组、模型组大鼠ig生理盐水,红景天苷组大鼠同时ig红景天苷,给药体积为10 mL/kg,1次/d,连续给药40 d。给药结束后,股动脉取血,采用生化、酶联免疫法测定大鼠红细胞膜脂质流动性和红细胞膜总胆固醇含量、总磷脂含量,以及磷脂成分磷脂酸(PA)、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)的含量,Na~+,K~+-ATPase和Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATPase的活性,红细胞内Na~+和Ca~(2+)浓度。结果红景天苷可显著提高HAPC大鼠红细胞膜脂质流动性和红细胞膜总磷脂、PA、PC、PE、PS含量,提高Na~+, K~+-ATPase和Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)-ATPase的活性;显著降低红细胞膜总胆固醇含量、红细胞内Na~+和Ca~(2+)浓度。结论红景天苷可通过调控红细胞膜脂质成分,改善红细胞膜的功能和细胞代谢活动,进而缓解HAPC的相关症状。     

参芪扶正注射液对体外循环术后红细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨参芪扶正注射液（简称参芪液）对体外循环（CPB）术后患者红细胞免疫功能的影响。方法选取20例体外循环手术患者,分为参芪液组与对照组（每组10例）。参芪液组于术前5天开始及术中体外循环结束时每日静脉滴注参芪液250mL。于麻醉前、术后6h、24h、72h及7d抽取肝素抗凝的外周静脉血,动态检测两组患者红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC-C3bRR）、红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC-ICR）。结果参芪液组患者RBC-C3bRR、RBC-ICR术后6h、24h、72h及7d明显高于对照组,并且于术后7d恢复到正常水平,红细胞免疫功能明显优于对照组患者（P〈0.05）。结论CPB可以导致红细胞免疫功能低下,围术期应用参芪扶正注射液能明显改善CPB患者术后红细胞的免疫功能,促进受损红细胞免疫功能的恢复。     

痹痛安胶囊治疗类风湿性关节炎100例疗效观察

目的：观察痹痛安胶囊对类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者的治疗效果。方法：将196例患者随机分为治疗组(100例)和对照组(96例),分别采用痹痛安胶囊和雷公藤多甙片治疗,并观察治疗前后临床症状、体征的改善情况,实验室指标(ESR、RF、CRP、IgG、IgA、IgM、补体C3)的变化。结果：总有效率治疗组(93．0％)明显高于对照组(67．7％,P<0．01),临床症状、体征改善两组治疗前后比较差异均有显著性(P<0．01),而治疗组改善的程度较对照组更显著(P<0．01);治疗组治疗后前述7项实验室指标与治疗前比较均有改善(P<0．01),而对照组7项指标中只有EsR、RF、CRP、IgA改善差异有显著性(P<0．05或P<0．01),且ESR、RF、CRP、IgG、IgA治疗后治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0．01)。结论：痹痛安胶囊对类风湿性关节炎有较好的疗效,两组远期疗效相同。     

慢性肾功能衰竭红细胞变形能力与红细胞膜的研究

本文报道了慢性肾功能衰竭患者红细胞的变形能力、红细胞膜胆固醇与磷脂比值及膜微粘度。结果表明,红细胞可变形能力明显降低,膜胆固醇与磷脂比值及膜微粘度明显增加,提示红细胞变形能力可能与红细胞膜的流动性有关。     

Characterisation of a monoclonal antibody detecting Atlantic salmon endothelial and red blood cells,and its association with the infectious salmon anaemia virus cell receptor

Endothelial cells (ECs) line the luminal surfaces of the cardiovascular system and play an important role in cardiovascular functions such as regulation of haemostasis and vasomotor tone. A number of fish and mammalian viruses target these cells in the course of their infection. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) attacks ECs and red blood cells (RBCs) of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), producing the severe disease of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). The investigation of ISA has up to now been hampered by the lack of a functional marker for ECs in Atlantic salmon in situ. In this study, we report the characterisation and use of a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb) detecting Atlantic salmon ECs (e.g. vessel endothelium, endocardial cells and scavenger ECs) and RBCs. The antibody can be used with immunohistochemistry, IFAT and on Western blots. It appears that the epitope recognised by the antibody is associated with the ISAV cellular receptor. Besides being a tool to identify ECs in situ, it could be useful in further studies of the pathogenicity of ISA. Finally, the detection of an epitope shared by ECs and RBCs agrees with recent findings that these cells share a common origin, thus the MAb can potentially be used to study the ontogeny of these cells in Atlantic salmon.     

Full dynamics of a red blood cell in shear flow

At the cellular scale, blood fluidity and mass transport depend on the dynamics of red blood cells in blood flow, specifically on their deformation and orientation. These dynamics are governed by cellular rheological properties, such as internal viscosity and cytoskeleton elasticity. In diseases in which cell rheology is altered genetically or by parasitic invasion or by changes in the microenvironment, blood flow may be severely impaired. The nonlinear interplay between cell rheology and flow may generate complex dynamics, which remain largely unexplored experimentally. Under simple shear flow, only two motions, “tumbling” and “tank-treading,” have been described experimentally and relate to cell mechanics. Here, we elucidate the full dynamics of red blood cells in shear flow by coupling two videomicroscopy approaches providing multidirectional pictures of cells, and we analyze the mechanical origin of the observed dynamics. We show that contrary to common belief, when red blood cells flip into the flow, their orientation is determined by the shear rate. We discuss the “rolling” motion, similar to a rolling wheel. This motion, which permits the cells to avoid energetically costly deformations, is a true signature of the cytoskeleton elasticity. We highlight a hysteresis cycle and two transient dynamics driven by the shear rate: an intermittent regime during the “tank-treading-to-flipping” transition and a Frisbee-like “spinning” regime during the “rolling-to-tank-treading” transition. Finally, we reveal that the biconcave red cell shape is highly stable under moderate shear stresses, and we interpret this result in terms of stress-free shape and elastic buckling.