近端联合远端收肌管阻滞在全膝关节置换术患者术后镇痛和早期功能康复中的应用

目的 探讨近端联合远端收肌管阻滞在全膝关节置换术患者术后镇痛和早期功能康复中的应用。方法 选取2019年1月至2020年12月在解放军总医院第六医学中心择期行单侧全膝关节置换术患者90例,按随机数字表法分为3组,每组30例。A组为对照组,于超声引导下行股神经联合腘窝上坐骨神经阻滞;B组为近端联合远端收肌管阻滞组,于超声引导下分别行收肌管近端和远端阻滞;C组为右美托咪定联合收肌管阻滞组,于超声引导下将罗哌卡因与右美托咪定混合液分别注射至收肌管近端和远端。比较3组患者术后6 h(T₁)、12 h(T₂)、24 h(T₃)和48 h(T₄)时静息VAS评分,术后T₃和T₄时运动VAS评分,48 h内羟考酮和氟比洛芬酯使用情况;以及术后24 h(T₃)、48 h(T₄)和72 h(T₅)膝关节活动范围(ROM)和股四头肌肌力;记录3组患者术后首次直腿抬高≥10 cm时间,术后首次下床活动时间,术后7...     

Ca2+ channel actions of the non-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist Ro 40-5967 in vascular muscle cells cultured from dog coronary and saphenous arteries

Summary We studied the membrane effects of (1S,2S)-2-(2-[[3-2(benzimidazolyl) propyllmethylamino]ethyl)-6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l-isopropyl-2-naphthyl-methoxy-acetate dihydrochloride, Ro 40-5967, a new non-dihydropyridine (DHP) Ca²⁺ channel antagonist, on dog coronary and saphenous arterial vascular muscle cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. Long-lasting (L-type) inward currents in 20 mM Ba²⁺ were measured over a range of test potentials (300 ms) from –50 mV to + 90 mV from a holding potential of –80 mV in the presence of 1 M Bay k8644 (a DHP Ca²⁺ agonist). Ro 40-5967 caused a concentration-dependent suppression of Ca²⁺ channel currents in muscle cells from both arteries, with greater potency on coronary than saphenous arterial cells. The concentration of Ro 40-5967 which inhibited the magnitude of peak inward currents by 50% (IC₅₀) was estimated to be 1 M (n = 5) in muscle cells from coronary artery and 10 M (n = 4) in saphenous artery. Ro 40-5967 (1 M) decreased the amplitude of the activation current-voltage relationship for coronary L-type Ca²⁺ channel currents over a wider range of membrane potentials than verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine. In contrast, block of Ca²⁺ channel currents in saphenous artery cells by 1 M Ro 40-5967 was only observed at command potentials positive to 0 mV. Ro 40-5967 (1 M) significantly shifted the voltage-inactivation curve downward by 40% in coronary (n = 4), but only by 18% in saphenous arterial muscle cells (n = 3). The non-parallel shift of the coronary artery inactivation curve suggests that pronounced resting channel block is a notable feature of Ro 40-5967. The marked inhibition of Ba²⁺ current by 1 M Ro 40-5967 in the inactivation protocol in coronary arterial muscle cells was found over the entire range of membrane holding potentials tested, while inhibition in the saphenous artery inactivation curve occurred only from holding potentials more positive than –40 mV. Therefore, Ro 40-5967 is unique: 1) in acting over a wider range of voltages, on both instantaneous and resting Ca²⁺ currents, than other Ca²⁺ antagonists; 2) in producing more significant resting state block; and 3) in acting with selectivity for coronary over saphenous arteries.This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL38537, HL38645, and by F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland     

骶管阻滞配用周围神经阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效

[目的 ]探讨非手术方法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效 .[方法 ]将 98例腰椎间盘突出症患者分成腰痛组和腿痛组 ,前者采用骶管阻滞加严氏椎间隙阻滞法 ,后者采用骶管阻滞加腰大肌肌沟阻滞法 .[结果 ]两组治疗前后分值相比较均有显著性差异 ,其优良率分别为 88%和 84% .[结论 ]采用骶管阻滞加严氏椎间隙阻滞或腰大肌肌沟阻滞法治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有疗效     

改良的颈神经丛阻滞麻醉的临床观察

目的：探讨甲状腺大部切除手术应用改良的颈神经丛阻滞麻醉效果。方法：全部病例均采用一点法深浅颈神经丛阻滞。将全部病例随机分为A、B两组（每组30例）,深丛均为0.25%布比卡因液或1.14%利多卡因和0.14%地卡因混合液,每侧各约5-6ml。A组为与深丛相同浓度的局麻药液,每侧约8-10ml,B组为与A组所用药同等剂量,但其浓度为A组的2/3（即加入1/3容量的生理盐水）,使浅丛容量较A组增加1/3,约为11-13.5ml。结果：两组病人经过顺利,均无并发症。阻滞效果均较好,但A组病人在手术进行到牵拉甲状腺上极时,有12例病人牵拉痛较明显。结论：低浓度高容量法颈丛阻滞,效果可靠、安全、并发症少,是甲状腺大部切除较理想的麻醉方法。     

腰椎间盘突出连续硬膜外阻滞疗效观察

目的：探讨连续硬膜外阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出的适应证和疗效相关因素。方法：经腰(骶)部穿刺,1％利多卡因连续硬膜外腔阻滞法。结果：随访151例,随访8～31个月,优良83例(55．0％),疼痛明显改善,以中央型和腰痛为主的椎间盘突出较为有效。结论：本封闭法疗效与椎问盘突出部位、类型有关,可适用于疼痛严重的椎间盘突出。     

硬膜外麻醉中用异丙酚镇静目标控制输注系统的性能及测评

目的：研究硬膜外阻滞时异丙酚目标控制输注镇静系统的性能。方法：12例中、低位硬膜外腔阻滞择期手术病人,选用Marsh的药代动力学参数进行异丙酚目标控制输注镇静。目标血药浓度设定范围1．5－3．0mg.L^-1,由麻醉医师根据镇静需要调整目标浓度,笨一病例的目标浓度可调整1－2次,以高效液相色谱法检测异丙酚血药浓度。计算偏离不性、不准确度等性能评价指标,分析系统性能。结果：多数实测血药浓度低于预计浓度,偏离性（MDPE）为－16．14％。偏离性和不准确确度与硬膜外阻滞范围无相关。结论：采用Marsh参数作目标控制镇静,血浆异丙酚目标浓度与实测浓度的偏离性较大,应用时需进行校正。     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于硬膜外阻滞的临床对比观察

目的：将新型酰胺类局麻药罗哌卡因药效学与布比卡因进行比较。方法：选择行择期下肢手术病人40例,随机分成四组进行硬膜外麻醉,分别在硬膜外注入0．75％罗哌卡因（n=10例）,0．5％罗哌卡因（n=10例）和0．75％布比卡因（n=10例）,0．5％布比卡因（n=10例）15－18ml。分别观察感觉阻滞起效,最大运动阻滞,感觉、运动恢复时间及最高阻滞平面,最大Bromage评分及术中不良反应的情况。结果：罗哌卡因起效快,产生的麻醉平面广,镇痛、运动阻滞效果好。术中有低血压、心率减慢等副作用发生。结论：罗哌卡因应用于临床麻醉有可靠的麻醉性能及安全性,利用其感觉运动神经分离作用,利于病人术后早期活动,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

子宫峡部阻滞麻醉应用于人工流产术的临床观察

目的　探讨人工流产术中最佳的镇痛方法 ,方法　用带 7号针头的注射器 ,于宫颈 3点、9点距宫颈外口约 1cm处水平穿刺进针约 3cm ,回抽无血后 ,分别推注 2 %盐酸利多卡因各 3ml,2min后手术。结果　子宫峡部阻滞麻醉后 ,疼痛明显减轻或消失 ,与对照组相比有极显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,人工流产综合征发生率明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　子宫峡部阻滞麻醉开展无痛人流安全、简便、有效。     

分娩镇痛的临床观察

目的 探讨布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛和罗湃卡因蛛风膜下腔－硬膜外自控镇痛用于分娩的效果及对产程、母婴的影响。方法 ９０例初产妇分为３组,布比卡因硬膜外自控镇痛组（Ａ组,ｎ＝３０）、罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔－硬膜外自控镇痛组（Ｂ组,ｎ＝３０）和对照组（Ｃ组,ｎ＝３０,未行分娩镇痛）,观察各组镇痛效果、产程时间、分娩方式血清皮质醇及新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分情况。结果 Ａ,Ｂ组镇痛效果满意,以Ｂ组为佳两组 产程未血清