围术期TOF监测与残余肌松潘库溴铵与维库溴铵的比较

目的研究潘库溴铵与维库溴铵术后残余肌松发生率,探讨围术期应用TOF监测降低术后残余肌松发生率的可行性.方法81例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级成年择期手术病人,随机分为维库溴铵监测(V+M)组;维库溴铵未监测(V)组;潘库溴铵监测(P+M)组及潘库溴铵未监测(P)组4组.麻醉方法为静脉注射2.0～2.5mg/kg异丙酚,潘库溴铵或维库溴铵0.08～0.12mg/kg,3min后气管插管,麻醉维持应用50%N2O、异氟醚,间断给予芬太尼.使用TOF-GUARD监测仪监测肌松.P+M组和V+M组在TOF计数出现1～2个颤搐反应时给新斯的明0.04mg@kg-1、阿托品0.02mg@kg-1.拮抗;P组和V组根据临床反应判断是否给予拮抗及剂量.观察各组病人到ICU后残余肌松发生率(T4/T1＜0.70)及持续时间.结果4组病人到ICU后残余肌松发生率分别为V+M组23.80%、V组39.13%、P+M组42.11%、P组83.33%,P组残余肌松发生率显著高于V组(P＜0.01),而且监测组残余肌松发生率显著低于未监测组(P＜0.05).4组残余肌松持续时间分别为V+M组(11.11±5.48)min、V组(30.00±15.12)min、P+M组(21.15±11.62)min、P组(44.87±31.39)min,未监测组明显长于监测组(P＜0.05).未监测组潘库溴铵及维库溴铵总的用药量分别大于监测组(P＜0.05).结论1.围术期TOF监测可明显降低残余肌松发生率;2.潘库溴铵残余肌松发生率及持续时间均显著高于维库溴铵,在无神经肌肉功能监测的情况下,应用潘库溴铵应严加注意;3.应用非去极化肌松药阻滞后进行术后肌松拮抗是必要的.     

星状神经节阻滞对兔血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度的影响

目的观察星状神经节阻滞(SGB)对兔血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度的影响,探讨其治疗疼痛的可能机制.方法14只日本大耳白兔在严格无菌操作下暴露右侧星状神经节,置入并固定硬膜外导管,使其一端开口位于星状神经节附近,另一端自颈背部穿出.手术1w后利用福尔马林皮下注射法建立急性疼痛模型,随机分为对照组(A组)和SGB组(B组),每组7只.致痛60min后,B组经导管注入0.25%布比卡因(Bu)0.5ml,A组用等量的生理盐水(NS).观察致痛前10min(T0)、致痛后10min(T1)、30min(T2)、50min(T3)和应用Bu或NS后10min(T4)、30min(T5)、50min(T6)时血浆NE浓度的变化.结果致痛前两组血浆NE无差别(P＞0.05);与致痛前相比,致痛后两组NE均升高,且在T1时达高峰,在T2、T3时略有下降(P＜0.01);两组间血浆NE无明显差别(P＞0.05).与用NS前相比,用NS后A组血浆NE无统计学差异(P＞0.05);与用Bu前相比,用Bu后B组血浆NE明显下降(P＜0.05).结论星状神经节阻滞降低血浆NE浓度,NE降低可能是其治疗疼痛性疾病的机制之一.     

硬膜外阻滞对妊娠高血压综合征患者血浆一氧化氮和内皮素含量的影响

目的 研究硬膜外阻滞前后妊高征患者血浆中一氧化氮（NO）和内皮素（ET）的变化。方法 选择20例择期剖宫产患者,正常妊娠组（NLP组）10例,妊高征组（PIH组）中度妊高征患者10例,分别于硬膜外阻滞前及阻滞完善后抽取母体静脉血,测定血浆一氧化氮和内皮素的浓度。结果 阻滞前PIH组血浆NO浓度明显低于NLP组（P＜0．01）,ET含量显著高于NLP组（P＜0．01）;阻滞后两组血浆NO水平均显著升高（P＜0．05）,ET水平明显降低（P＜0．05）。结论 血浆中NO含量降低和ET浓度增高是妊高征发病的一个重要环节,硬膜外阻滞可使妊高征患者血浆NO水平和ET浓度降低,是一种有效和安全的麻醉方法。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因用于腋路臂丛神经阻滞的研究

目的探讨0.25%、0.3%、0.375%罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性,并与0.25%布比卡因对照.方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级准备行上肢手术的病人80例,随机分为4组,每组20例,分别用0.25%、0.3%、0.375%罗哌卡因和0.25%布比卡因40ml行臂丛神经阻滞,观察病人有无不适症状,并分别对感觉和运动进行评价.结果随着浓度增加罗哌卡因麻醉强度依次增加,40m10.25%罗哌卡因麻醉强度明显低于0.25%布比卡因,且满意率低,仅为85%;将罗哌卡因浓度提高到0.375%,显示出与0.25%布比卡因相当的麻醉强度,满意率则提高到100%.结论 0.25%罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞起效慢、满意率低,不是临床使用的适宜浓度;0.3%、0.375%罗哌卡因起效快,作用完善,副作用少,可推荐用于长时间臂丛神经阻滞,而以0.375%罗哌卡因最为适宜.     

Inclusion of lignocaine base into a polar lipid formulation--in vitro release, duration of peripheral nerve block and arterial blood concentrations in the rat

BACKGROUND: Slow-release formulations of local anaesthetics may produce nerve blocks of long duration. The present study aimed at investigating the in vitro and in vivo properties of a polar lipid formulation for slow release of lignocaine and the effects on nerve block duration by inclusion of dexamethasone into the system. METHODS: In vitro release of lignocaine from the lipid formulation was studied in a US Pharmacopoeia rotating apparatus. Sciatic nerve blocks were induced in rats by 0.1 ml of test formulations containing lignocaine HCl 20 mg. ml-1 in aqueous solution, lignocaine base 20, 100 or 200 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation or the last formulation with dexamethasone 0.05, 0.5 or 5 mg. ml-1. The durations of sensory and motor block and the arterial blood concentrations of lignocaine were investigated. RESULTS: In vitro there was a sustained release of lignocaine from the lipid formulation, with 50% release at around 48 h. In vivo lignocaine base 20 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation produced sciatic nerve blocks of significantly shorter duration than lignocaine HCl 20 mg. ml-1 in aqueous solution, while lignocaine base 100 and 200 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation produced blocks lasting two and three times longer, respectively, than the lignocaine HCl solution. Addition of dexamethasone did not affect the duration of nerve block. Following administration of lignocaine base 200 mg. ml-1 in lipid formulation, as compared to lignocaine HCl 20 mg. ml-1 in aqueous solution, the maximal blood concentration of lignocaine was only three times higher in spite of the ten-fold difference in dose, and the mean terminal half-life was three times longer, reflecting the slow release from the formulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that lignocaine base in polar lipids acts as a slow-release preparation of local anaesthetic both in vitro and in vivo.     

Safety and efficacy of peribulbar block as adjunct to general anaesthesia for paediatric ophthalmic surgery

METHODS: Fifty children (age 5-14 years, ASA I-II) undergoing elective ophthalmic surgery were chosen for the study. Of these, 25 received intravenous pethidine (control group) and 25 received a peribulbar block (block group) for perioperative analgesia, and were monitored intraoperatively and postoperatively by an investigator blinded to the analgesic technique. RESULTS: Intraoperative values of haemodynamic variables were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.01). Requirement for intraoperative rescue analgesic and postoperative analgesia was higher in the control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Children in the block group had lower postoperative pain scores at all times. Incidence of oculocardiac reflex was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the control group. Seventy-six percent of children in the control group had postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to 20% children in the block group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There were no complications related to the block. Peribulbar block appears to be a safe and useful analgesic technique for paediatric ophthalmic surgery.     

三种麻醉方法对腹腔镜手术二氧化碳气腹期间自主神经活动趋势的影响

目的以心率变异性（heart rate variability，HRV）为观察指标，观察分析不同的麻醉方法对腹腔镜胆囊切除手术（Laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）二氧化碳（CO2）气腹期间自主神经活动趋势的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期L患者45例，按手术日期分为全身麻醉组（Ⅰ组，对照组）、全身麻醉＋艾司洛尔组（Ⅱ组）和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组（Ⅲ组），分别在麻醉前，气腹前，气腹后5、10、20及30min观察HRV及血流动力学的变化。结果与气腹前相比，Ⅰ组低频（LF）、低频／高频（LF／HF）在气腹后不同时点均显著升高（P〈0．05）；Ⅱ组LF／HF在气腹后5、10min显著升高（P〈0．05）；Ⅲ组气腹后各时点LF、HF、LF／HF均无显著变化（P〉0．05）。组间比较，Ⅰ组LF、LF／HF在气腹后各时点均显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P〈0．05），Ⅱ组LF在气腹后10min显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05），LF／HF在气腹后5、10min显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。HF各组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论艾司洛尔可减轻气腹引起的应激反应，但不能完全阻止其交感活性的增强；全麻复合硬膜外阻滞用于腹腔镜胆囊切除手术，可以抑制气腹引起的交感神经兴奋，维持自主神经的稳定性。     

平面导板在深覆(牙合)矫治中的临床应用研究

目的：探讨平面导板矫治重度深覆[牙合]患者的作用机制及临床作用要点。方法：对18名生长发育期的重度深覆[牙合]患者,用平面导板来打开咬合,并对咬合打开前后的硬软组织变化进行分析。结果：①上下后牙及牙槽高度均增加,下后牙及牙槽高度的增加值大于上后牙及牙槽高度的增加值,而对前牙及牙槽高度的影响无统计学差异;②上下颌骨在水平方向上无改变,但下颌平面角与下面高/全面高治疗后较治疗前增大,后面高/前面高治疗后较治疗前减小;③覆[牙合]减小,Spee氏曲线得到整平;④松弛的下唇肌肉得到紧张,从而改善了侧貌外形。结论：平面导板使覆[牙合]减小主要是后牙及后牙齿槽突高度增加的结果,对生长发育期的低角重度深覆[牙合]患者治疗效果较好。     

全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 观察全麻复合胸段硬膜外阻滞对不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCABG)后患者T细胞亚群及止浆皮质醇的影响.方法 22例择期行OPCABG患者随机分为全麻组(A组)和全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(E组),每组11例,术后均采用吗啡静脉镇痛(PCIA).分别于麻醉前(T1)、术毕(T2)、术后第1天(T3)及第3天(T4)抽取外周静脉血,用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测T淋巴细胞亚群变化,以化学发光法测血浆皮质醇.结果 与T1比较,两组血浆皮质醇在T2和T3均明显升高(P＜0.05),但E组患者升高程度明显低于A组(P＜0.05).两组T2和T3 CD3 、CD4 和CD4 /CD8 均较T1明显下降(P＜0.05).但与E组比较,A组T3及T4 CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 下降更明显(P＜0.05),且E组患者T淋巴细胞亚群在T4已恢复至T1水平(P＞0.05).结论 全麻对OPCABG后患者细胞免疫功能有抑制作用,复合胸段硬膜外阻滞将减轻此抑制的程度.     

Transverse plane pelvic rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: primary or compensatory?

Several studies have suggested that the pelvis is involved in the etiology or pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this retrospective, cross-sectional radiographic study is to identify any correlation between the transverse plane rotational position of the pelvis in stance and operative-size idiopathic or congenital scoliosis deformities, using Scheuermann’s kyphosis and isthmic spondylolisthesis patients for comparison. The hypothesis tested was that the direction of transverse pelvic rotation is the same as that for a thoracic scoliosis. As a group, AIS patients had a significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. When subdivided into the six Lenke curve patterns, this was true for the groups with a major thoracic curve: thoracic (1), double thoracic (2) and double curve patterns (3). It was not true for patterns with a major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve: single thoracolumbar/lumbar (5) and double thoracic-thoracolumbar/lumbar (6). Nor was it true for triple (4) curves. The Lenke 1 and 2 major thoracic curves without compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curves did not have the predicted pelvic rotation. All congenital scoliosis patients studied had main thoracic curves and significant transverse plane pelvic rotation in the same direction as the thoracic curve. There was no transverse plane pelvic rotation in the Scheuermann’s kyphosis or isthmic spondylolisthesis patients. We interpret these findings as consistent with a compensatory rotation of the pelvis in the same direction as the main thoracic curve in most patients with a compensatory thoracolumbar/lumbar curve as well as in patients with main thoracic congenital scoliosis.