Possible Reduction of Cardiac Risk after Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate and Increase of Ketone Bodies in the Blood in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A Pilot Study

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes anthropometric changes characterised by functional disability, increase in fat mass, and decrease in lean mass. All these variables are related to a greater cardiac risk. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and an increase in ketone bodies in the blood have been shown to have beneficial effects on anthropometric and biochemical variables related to cardiovascular activity. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the intervention with EGCG and ketone bodies on cardiac risk in MS patients. A population of 51 MS patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group (daily dose of 800 mg of EGCG and 60 mL of coconut oil). Both groups followed an isocaloric diet for 4 months. Levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum before and after the intervention, as well as determining functional ability, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat percentage and muscle percentage. After 4 months, in the intervention group there was a significant increase in BHB, PON1 and albumin, while CRP did not vary; a significant decrease in cardiac risk associated with a significant decline in WHR; as well as a significant increase in muscle percentage. By contrast, these changes were not observed in the control group. Finally, results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant time–condition interaction effect, observing that WHtR and fat mass decreased in the intervention group, while they increased in the control group.     

Phytochemicals based chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies and modern technologies to overcome limitations for better clinical applications

Naturally occurring phytochemicals or plant derivatives are now being explored extensively for their health's benefits and medicinal uses. The therapeutic effect of phytochemicals has been reported in several pathophysiological settings such as inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, liver dysfunction, neurodegenerative disorders, and nephropathies. However, the most warranted therapeutic effects of phytochemicals were mapped to their anticancerous and chemopreventive action. Moreover, combining phytochemicals with standard chemotherapy has shown promising results in cancer therapy with minimal side effects and better efficacy. Many phytochemicals, like curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, have been extensively investigated for their chemopreventive as well as chemotherapeutic effects. However, poor bioavailability, low solubility, hydrophobicity, and obscure target specificity restrict their therapeutic applications in the clinic. There has been a continually increasing interest to formulate nanoformulations of phytochemicals by using various nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles, to improve their bioavailability and target specificity, thereby maximizing the therapeutic potential. In the present review, we have summarized chemopreventive as well as chemotherapeutic action of some common phytochemicals and their major limitations in clinical application. Also, we have given an overview of strategies that can improve the efficacy of phytochemicals for their chemotherapeutic value in clinical settings.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯通过抑制角蛋白17诱导角质形成细胞凋亡

【摘要】 目的 探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对角蛋白17（K17）介导的人角质形成细胞的凋亡的影响。方法 不同浓度EGCG处理人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）11型基因组的HaCaT细胞（HPV11．HaCaT）12 h,qRT PCR与Western blot检测角蛋白17表达;流式细胞术Annexin V FITC和碘化丙锭（PI）双染检测50 mg/L EGCG处理下KC、HaCaT及HPV11．HaCaT细胞凋亡率。免疫组化法与Western blot检测银屑病和尖锐湿疣患者病理切片中K17以及Caspase3的表达,构建K17过表达（pcDNA31（+）/K17）载体并转染KC与HaCaT细胞48 h继续用EGCG（50 mg/L）处理12 h;检测K17的水平及细胞凋亡。结果 EGCG可在12 h抑制KC、HaCaT 和HPV11．HaCaT细胞中K17表达(P＜005),呈浓度依赖趋势;银屑病和尖锐湿疣病理切片中K17表达范围增多但Caspase3的染色范围减少,K17表达上调,但Cleaved Caspase3显著下调（P＜005）。使用高浓度50 mg/L的EGCG 作用下,KC、HaCaT 和HPV11．HaCaT细胞凋亡率均上调（P＜001）。pcDNA31（+）/K17对KC、HaCaT细胞凋亡率的抑制作用被EGCG显著逆转（P＜001）。结论 EGCG通过抑制K17促进角质形成细胞凋亡,为银屑病和尖锐湿疣基础研究与临床治疗提供前期研究基础。     

三种食品添加剂抗植物油氧化作用效果观察

目的：观察三种食品添加剂对植物油的抗氧化作用。方法：采用菜油及芝麻油为样品，空白对照组不加任何添加剂；实验组按国家标准最大使用量加入没食子酸丙酯、茶多酚、双乙酸钠。于３７℃恒温３０天，以酸价及过氧化值判断其抗氧化作用。结果与结论：没食子酸丙酯、茶多酚、茶多酚、双乙酸钠均有防止植物油过氧化值升高的作用。没食子酸丙酯、茶多酚有防止植物油酸价过高的作用。双乙酸钠有防止菜油酸价升高的作用，但降低芝麻油酸价     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯抗感染特性研究进展

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯[(⁃)⁃epigallocatechin⁃3⁃O⁃gallate, EGCG]是绿茶中含量最丰富的多酚类化合物，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗血栓、抗辐射、抗突变、抗肿瘤、抗纤维化等广泛生物学功能，对糖尿病、肥胖、哮喘、癌症、心血管系统和神经系统疾病等有一定改善和治疗作用，亦可提高机体免疫力。近年来研究发现，EGCG在细菌、真菌、病毒、寄生虫等病原微生物引起的感染性疾病中发挥重要作用。本文就EGCG抗感染特性研究进展进行综述，以揭示其在预防和治疗感染性疾病中的潜在作用。     

EGCG通过抑制谷氨酰胺代谢通路抑制结直肠癌细胞的生长的实验研究

目的: 探讨茶多酚中主要成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对结直肠癌DLD-1细胞的增殖影响及其与谷氨酰胺代谢通路的关系。方法: 用CCK8试剂盒检测不同浓度EGCG对DLD-1细胞增殖的影响, 并用Western blot方法检测凋亡蛋白的表达水平。进而分别用外源补充谷氨酰胺、添加谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂CB-839等方法探讨EGCG的作用机理与路径。结果: EGCG在一定程度上可以抑制结直肠癌DLD-1细胞的增殖并且引起该细胞凋亡，同时，外源补充谷氨酰胺可削弱EGCG的作用，而用谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂CB-839抑制谷氨酰胺的代谢，则加剧EGCG对DLD-1细胞的生长抑制作用。同时，实验发现EGCG可以使谷氨酰胺脱氢酶的活力下降。结论: EGCG可通过抑制细胞谷氨酰胺的代谢而诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡。