Efficacy and safety of entecavir in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B: randomized controlled trial in Japanese patients

Background and Aim:  Entecavir is a potent inhibitor of both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) with proven clinical efficacy. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in Japan (ETV-052) evaluating the efficacy and safety of two doses of entecavir in adult patients with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B infection.
Methods:  Eighty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B who were refractory to lamivudine therapy were switched from lamivudine to daily oral doses of 0.5 mg entecavir (41 patients) or 1 mg entecavir (43 patients) for 52 weeks.
Results:  The proportions of patients achieving the primary end-point (≥2 log₁₀ reduction in HBV-DNA from baseline by polymerase chain reaction assay or undetectable HBV-DNA levels [<400 copies/mL] at week 48) were 90% and 93% for entecavir 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively, with 33% of patients in each dosing group achieving <400 copies/mL. The mean reduction in HBV-DNA from baseline was 3.58 and 3.75 log₁₀ copies/mL for entecavir 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively. High proportions of patients achieved alanine aminotransferase normalization at week 48 (0.5 mg 86%, 1 mg 78%). Histological improvement was observed in most patients (0.5 mg 52%, 1 mg 60%). Virological breakthrough (increase in HBV-DNA of ≥1 log₁₀ copies/mL from nadir) was observed in one patient but was not associated with selection of entecavir-associated resistance substitutions. Entecavir was well tolerated, with no patients discontinuing study drug due to adverse events.
Conclusions:  These findings indicate that entecavir is safe and effective for the treatment of Japanese adults with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B.     

Progression Rates by Age,Sex, Treatment,and Disease Activity by AASLD and EASL Criteria: Data for Precision Medicine

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恩替卡韦分散片的稳定性研究

目的研究恩替卡韦分散片在加速试验和长期试验条件下的稳定性并测算其有效期。方法在模拟市售包装条件下,通过加速试验和室温贮存18个月,参照《中国药典》附录对其性状、鉴别、分散均匀性、溶出度、有关物质、微生物限度检查及含量测定等项指标进行定期考察。结果在考察期内,各项指标均符合规定。结论本品在温度40℃、相对湿度75%条件下放置6个月或常温、相对湿度60%条件下放置18个月,药物制剂稳定,故其有效期定为18个月。     

Telbivudine: a new option for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects > 350 million individuals worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B is associated with complications of end-stage liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV replication is the best predictor of liver disease progression to cancer, and antiviral therapy may diminish or halt this unfavorable outcome. Six drugs have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: interferon-α_2b, pegylated interferon-α_2a, lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine. Most agents designed to target hepatitis B are hindered by the development of resistance, poor tolerability or limited efficacy; therefore, new agents and treatment strategies are needed. Telbivudine is the latest approved anti-HBV agent; it is an orally administered nucleoside analog that selectively inhibits HBV replication. It has demonstrated potent activity against HBV in Phase III clinical studies, with good tolerance, lack of mitochondrial toxicity and no dose-limiting side effects.