Prognostic signatures and potential pathogenesis of eRNAs-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are a subclass of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have a wide effect in human tumors. However, the systematic analysis of potential functions of eRNAs-related genes (eRGs) in colon cancer (CC) remains unexplored. In this study, a total of 8231 eRGs including 6236 protein-coding genes and 1995 lncRNAs were identified in CC based on the multiple resources. These eRGs showed higher expression level and stability compared to other genes. What's more, the functions of these eRGs were closely related to cancer. Then a prognostic prediction model with 12 eRGs signatures were obtained for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. ROC curves showed the AUCs were 0.81, 0.77, and 0.78 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival prediction, respectively. And the prognostic model also manifested good performance in the validation datasets. Besides, the expression levels of two prognostic signatures, TMEM220 and LRRN2, were verified to be significantly lower in CC tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (p < .05). Finally, the distinct molecular features were characterized between the high- and low-risk group through multiomics analysis including DNA mutation and methylation. Our results show eRGs signatures based prognostic model has high accuracy and may provide innovative biomarkers in COAD.     

EZH2基因多态性与结直肠癌遗传易感性的关联性研究

摘要：目的：探讨EZH2(en hancer of zeste homolog 2)基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs)与结直肠癌（CRC）遗传易感性的相关性。 方法：用病例-对照方法分析EZH2基因的2个SNPs位点（rs887569与rs1880357）在中南地区汉族人群中的分布。提取96例CRC患者与100例体检健康者的外周血DNA;用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性法（PCR-RFLP）检测EZH2基因型并计算相应等位基因频率;DNA测序验证基因分型结果。 结果：CRC组与健康对照组年龄分布（t=0.693,P=0.489）与性别构成（χ²=0.403,P=0.526）差异无统计学意义。CRC组与健康对照组EZH2基因rs887569位点与rs1880357位点基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P均>0.05）,证明所观察的样本具有群体代表性。EZH2基因rs887569位点TT、CC和TC基因型（χ²=1.531,P=0.465）及rs1880357位点GG、CC和GC基因型（χ²=0.670,P=0.413）在CRC患者和健康对照者间分布差异无统计学意义。对等位基因而言,rs887569位点C>T与rs1880357位点C>G等位基因分布在CRC患者与健康对照者间差异亦无统计学意义（OR=0.875,95%CI:0.488~1.566,P=0.667;OR=0.793,95%CI:0.403~1.563,P=0.503）。 结论：EZH2基因rs887569与rs1880357 SNPs位点多态性可能与CRC发病风险无关。     

Hibiscus sabdariffa increases hydroxocobalamin oral bioavailability and clinical efficacy in vitamin B12 deficiency with neurological symptoms

The aim of the study was to evaluate the bioavailability and clinical benefits of oral new formulation (HB₁₂) of hydroxocobalamin (Hdrx) with Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS). First, in an observational study, a cohort of 30 vitamin B₁₂‐deficient patients (vit B₁₂ < 200 pg/mL) with neurological symptoms received oral fixed dose of Hdrx containing 15 mg Hdrx daily for 10 days followed by 15 mg monthly. Clinical benefits were evaluated on haematological and biochemical parameters, and neurological improvement at days 10 and 90 compared to day 0. To understand the mechanism, intestinal mucosa from mice were mounted in vitro in Ussing chambers to measure Hdrx Fluxes. In the clinical study, serum vitamin B₁₂ level increased from 55.1 ± 36.9 to 1330 ± 335.5 pg/mL at day 10 and 431.0 ± 24.27 pg/mL at day 90, without overt adverse effects. In mice ileum, (i) intestinal bioavailability of Hdrx increased in dose‐dependent manner with HB₁₂. The apparent permeability of Hdrx was P_app = 34.9 ± 4.6 × 10^?6 cm/s in the presence of 3 mg/mL (HB₁₂B) compared to the control P_app = 6.2 ± 0.7 × 10^?6 cm/s. (ii) Total transepithelial electrical conductance (G_t) increased in dose‐dependent manner with HB₁₂, G_t = 161.5 ± 10.8 mS/cm² with HB₁₂B (Hdrx 1 mg + HS 3 mg) compared to the control Hdrx, G_t = 28.7 ± 4.0 mS/cm². In conclusion, the clinical study suggests that injections are not required when Hdrx is given orally. Intestinal bioavailability of Hdrx increased in vitro when it was used concomitantly with HS.     

右美托咪定对大鼠移植肝缺血/再灌注所致急性肺损伤中细胞凋亡及CCAAT增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定预处理对大鼠原位移植肝缺血/再灌注(I/R)所致急性肺损伤(ALI)中细胞凋亡及CCAAT增强子结合蛋白(C/EBP)同源蛋白(CHOP)的作用.方法 选择雄性SD大鼠40只,按随机数字表法分为假手术组、I/R模型组、右美托咪定低剂量组和右美托咪定高剂量组,每组10只.采用二袖套法结扎并切断肝动脉,供体肝脏移植入后即可完全开放门静脉复制肝I/R模型;假手术组开腹后只游离肝周韧带,不进行其他特殊处理;右美托咪定低剂量组和高剂量组分别于I/R前1 h静脉泵注右美托咪定 2.5μg·kg-1·h-1和5.0μg·kg-1·h-1,1 h内完成.实验结束后留取肺组织,检测肺组织湿/干质量(W/D)比值;光镜下观察肺组织病理学变化并进行肺泡损伤定量评估(IQA),电镜下观察肺组织超微结构变化;反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测CHOP mRNA表达水平;蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测CHOP的蛋白表达水平;原位末端缺刻标记法(TUNEL)检测肺组织细胞凋亡情况,并计算凋亡指数(AI).结果 与假手术组比较,I/R模型组肺W/D比值(4.94±0.84比2.29±0.54)、IQA〔(40.52±5.15)%比(4.55±1.85)%〕和AI〔(36.57±5.85)%比(2.85±0.95)%〕均明显升高(均P<0.0l);光镜和电镜下均显示肺组织结构发生明显的损伤.与I/R模型组比较,右美托咪定低剂量组和右美托咪定高剂量组肺W/D比值(3.29±0.85,2.68±0.78比4.94±0.84)、IQA〔(23.69±2.62)%,(15.86±3.61)%比(40.52±5.15)%〕 和AI〔(25.73±3.71)%,(14.66±2.61)%比(36.57±5.85)%〕均明显降低(均P<0.01),光镜和电镜下可见肺组织结构损伤明显减轻.I/R模型组有大量肺血管内皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞发生凋亡,而右美托咪定低剂量组和高剂量组细胞凋亡则明显减少.与假手术组比较,I/R模型组CHOP mRNA〔吸光度(A)值:0.96±0.18比0.43±0.08〕及蛋白(灰度值:2.79±0.74比1.02±0.27)表达水平均明显升高(均P<0.01).与I/R模型组比较,右美托咪定低剂量组和高剂量组CHOP mRNA(A值:0.69±0.13、0.56±0.12比0.96±0.18)及蛋白(灰度值:1.96±0.58、1.34±0.49比2.79±0.74)表达水平均明显降低,且以高剂量组的降低更显著(均P<0.01).结论 右美托咪定对移植肝I/R肺组织具有保护作用,该作用可能与其抑制CHOP的活化、减少肺组织细胞凋亡有关.