紫檀芪干预人软骨细胞的氧化应激性凋亡

文题释义：紫檀芪(pterostilbene,PTE)：是紫檀、蓝莓、葡萄和花榈木等中药植物的有效成分之一,是白藜芦醇衍生的非黄酮类多酚化合物,两者具有相似的药理特性。紫檀芪是一种强大的天然抗氧化剂,已有证明能降低细胞氧化应激和活性氧的发生,并抑制不同细胞系过氧化氢酶的表达增加。 氧化应激：是指体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡,倾向于氧化,导致中性粒细胞炎性浸润,蛋白酶分泌增加,产生大量氧化中间产物。氧化应激是由自由基在体内产生的一种负面作用,并被认为是导致衰老和疾病的一个重要因素。 背景：已有研究表明多种抗氧化剂可抑制炎性因子生成而表现出抗关节炎作用,紫檀芪是一种强大的天然抗氧化剂,但其在软骨细胞抗氧化应激作用中的研究目前尚无相关报道。 目的：探讨紫檀芪对人软骨细胞氧化应激性凋亡的影响。 方法：体外培养正常人关节软骨细胞,使用含不同质量浓度紫檀芪(7.8-32 000 μg/L)的培养基继续培养  24 h,确定紫檀芪的最佳浓度。实验分为对照组,紫檀芪组(含有125 μg/L紫檀芪的培养基),H₂O₂组(0.2 mmol/L 的H₂O₂),H₂O₂+紫檀芪组(含有125 μg/L 紫檀芪的培养基预处理2 h后,更换含H₂O₂与125 μg/L 紫檀芪的培养基继续培养),分别处理24 h。通过MTT实验观察细胞增殖率,应用苏木精-伊红染色观察细胞形态及数量、FDA/PI染色检测细胞活性、番红O染色观察蛋白聚糖水平的变化,以及通过RT-PCR检测软骨细胞分化标志基因聚集蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原酶1表达变化。研究方案取得广西医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准,批号201805008。结果与结论：①MTT实验显示,紫檀芪在15.6-250 μg/L可显著促软骨细胞生长,尤其是在为125 μg/L时促进作用最明显;②苏木精-伊红染色和FDA/PI染色结果显示,在H2O2组中软骨细胞的数量减少,在H2O2+紫檀芪组中细胞数量较单独H2O2刺激组显著增加,细胞活性提高;③番红O染色显示紫檀芪促进软骨细胞分泌蛋白聚糖,抑制H2O2对软骨细胞的不利作用;④RT-PCR结果表明紫檀芪可促进氧化应激损伤的软骨细胞高表达聚集蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原酶1基因,改善软骨细胞分化功能;⑤结果说明,紫檀芪能够促进软骨细胞增殖,抑制氧化应激引起的人关节软骨细胞凋亡。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2761-6222(林义才) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE FOR APOPTOSIS IN THE TERMINAL HYPERTROPHIC CHONDROCYTES OF THE GROWTH PLATE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cell death in chondrocytes of the growth plate. In the degenerative chondrocyte zone of the growth plate, apoptotic chondrocytes were defeated by the in situ nick end labelling method, by DNA analysis in agarose gel, and by electron microscopy. The results of the in situ nick end labelling method and the occurrence of a ladder pattern of DNA in agarose gel analysis indicated the activation of endogenous endonucleases, resulting in DNA fragmentation. Electron micrographs showed the early morphological changes associated with apoptosis. This report presents both morphological and biochemical evidence for apoptosis in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate. These data suggest that apoptosis of degenerative chondrocytes may play an important role in the control of normal and pathological endochondral ossification.     

骨髓间充质干细胞和软骨细胞共培养复合同种异体脱钙骨基质修复关节软骨全层缺损

目的:探讨自体骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)与软骨细胞共培养复合同种异体脱钙骨基质(DBM)修复关节软骨缺损的可行性,评价修复效果,为优化种子细胞源提供依据.方法:取浓度为5×109/L的第二代BMSCs和软骨细胞,按2:1比例混匀共培养作为种子细胞.DBM与共培养细胞复合植入修复为实验组(A组),单纯材料DBM组(B组)和不处理组(C组)作为实验对照组.移植8和16 wk后经大体观察、组织学评分和免疫组化染色评价缺损修复.结果:共培养的软骨细胞基质合成丰富,细胞增殖快,共培养5～7 d两种细胞比例达1:1以上.A组缺损修复组织呈软骨样,表面光滑平坦,与周围软骨整合的软骨细胞更为成熟.B组和C组的修复组织呈纤维组织.组织学评分表明A组优于B,C两组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),B组与C组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).免疫组化染色显示A组修复组织的细胞为透明软骨样细胞,柱状排列,Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性,与周围软骨及软骨下骨整合良好.结论:自体BMSCs与软骨细胞共培养,BMSCs能增强软骨细胞的增殖,促进软骨细胞基质合成,缩短软骨细胞培养时间和减少传代次数,可节省大量的软骨细胞,与DBM复合后能有效修复关节软骨缺损.     

软骨细胞的老化对软骨蛋白聚糖代谢的影响

目的:探讨体外培养猪耳软骨细胞在老化过程中,软骨蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)的代谢状况与分子结构的变化及其水解酶(aggrecanase)表达水平的改变。由此进一步阐明aggrecan在组织工程软骨构建中起决定性的作用。方法:取体外培养P1-P8各代猪耳软骨细胞及其培养液,爱茜蓝(Alcian Blue)法检测培养液中蛋白聚糖的含量和糖胺聚糖(glycosaminoglycan,GAG)的分子结构。RT-PCR检测aggre-canase-1和-2的mRNA表达水平。结果:在P1细胞的培养液中,蛋白聚糖的含量和长链/高度硫酸化的GAG含量都是最高的。由P4细胞开始,这2项指标均显著减少(P<0.01),且两者的变化趋势有显著的相关性(P<0.01)。Aggrecanase-1 mRNA在前3代细胞基本无表达,P4细胞中有显著上升(P<0.01),随后逐渐减少,P8细胞又不再表达。Aggrecanase-2 mRNA的表达呈随机状态,与细胞代数无显著性相关(P>0.05)。结论:体外培养软骨细胞的老化对aggrecan的代谢有非常大的影响。一方面aggrecan的合成减少、大分子聚合物形成受阻;另一方面胞外基质的水解作用加剧,最终导致老化细胞的基质崩解。     

胎盘来源间充质干细胞的体外诱导成软骨分化

背景：胎盘间充质干细胞已被证实有较强的增殖能力,且能向成骨细胞、成神经细胞、类肝样细胞等诱导分化,但对其成软骨细胞诱导分化的研究不多。目的：在体外诱导人胎盘间充质干细胞成软骨细胞分化。方法：体外培养人胎盘间充质干细胞并鉴定。取第3代胎盘间充质干细胞,调整细胞悬液浓度为1.6×1010 L-1,在24孔板中央分别滴5,10,15μL细胞悬液,培养2 h（目的是形成微团）;然后加入间充质干细胞培养基或软骨诱导培养基培养14 d,阿利新蓝染色,进行大体观察及倒置显微镜观察。结果与结论：应用间充质干细胞培养基培养的对照组,细胞增殖形成大量贴壁细胞,贴壁细胞具有典型的间充质细胞形态;应用软骨诱导培养基培养后,细胞只保持微团,不继续增殖形成贴壁细胞,微团基部无贴壁细胞,随着接种细胞数量的增加,微团直径增大。说明人胎盘来源间充质干细胞具有向软骨细胞分化的能力,可作为组织工程、细胞治疗等应用的种子细胞来源。     

牵张力对体外培养兔鼻软骨细胞影响的实验研究

目的：探讨牵张力对体外培养的不同年龄兔鼻软骨细胞增殖活性的影响及牵张力大小与兔鼻软骨细胞增殖活性改变的量效关系。方法：将第4代体外培养的新生及6周龄新西兰白兔兔鼻软骨细胞置于细胞膜式牵张力施加装置上培养，流式细胞仪检测不同的牵张力(5kPa、10kPa)在0-12h内对兔鼻软骨细胞增殖活性的影响。结果：0-10h内5kPa牵张力组软骨细胞增殖指数随着牵张力作用时间的延长不断上升，增殖指数峰值位于10h处；0～8h内10kPa牵张力组软骨细胞增殖指数随着牵张力作用时间的延长不断上升，增殖指数峰值位于8h处；5kPa较10kPa牵张力对体外培养兔鼻软骨细胞具有更大的促增殖作用；牵张力对体外培养的新生兔兔鼻软骨细胞具有更大的促增殖作用。结论：牵张力可促进体外培养的新生及六周龄新西兰白兔兔鼻软骨细胞增殖活性。提示我们鼻软骨牵张方法不仅适用于临床矫治新生儿唇腭裂伴发鼻畸形，而且有可能用于矫治1岁左右婴儿甚至更大年龄患儿的唇腭裂伴发鼻畸形。     

Effect of lanthanum ions on the amplitude distributions of miniature endplate potentials and on synaptic vesicles in frog neuromuscular junctions

Miniature endplate potential (MEPP) amplitude distributions, MEPP frequencies and percentages of small MEPPs were determined as well as synaptic vesicle diameters and numbers in the frog neuromuscular junction during La3+ treatment. MEPP frequencies initially increased by two orders of magnitude and then fell to very low values. La3+ treatment had an initial postsynaptic effect making the MEPPs larger. Prolonged treatment had a variable effect on MEPP amplitudes. There were considerable variations in MEPP frequencies in adjacent junctions so single junctions on edge muscle fibers were recorded for the duration of many experiments and later identified in the electron microscope. Therefore, the physiological and morphological conditions of a given identified junction could be compared. There was a loss of synaptic vesicles and no change in mean diameter during depletion. During high MEPP frequencies infoldings occurred on the axolemma and these disappeared when MEPP frequencies decreased towards the end of the La3+ treatment. After 3-4 h of La3+ treatment, the overall frequency of MEPPs dropped and many were composed of a small class of MEPPs. It is suggested that the morphological correlate of small MEPPs, as well as the classical bell-MEPPs is likely to be synaptic vesicles.     

Reinnervation of muscles after transection of the sciatic nerve in adult rats

Functional recovery after transection of the sciatic nerve in adult rats is poor, probably because of abnormalities in reinnervation. Denervation and reinnervation patterns were studied morphologically in the lateral gastrocnemius (LGC), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (SOL) muscles for 21 weeks after nerve transection (motor endplates by acetylcholinesterase staining; nerves by silver impregnation). Motor endplates in the TA showed improving morphology with age, and, at 21 weeks, three-quarters of these were normal. Poorest recovery was observed in the SOL, as, at 21 weeks, only one-third of the motor endplates had a normal morphology. Polyneuronal innervation initially was more pronounced in the SOL, but, at 21 weeks, 10% of the motor endplates in all three muscles were still polyneuronally innervated. Our results indicate important differences in the reinnervation of these three hindleg muscles, and, even at 5 months, abnormalities were still present. These factors may in part explain the abnormal locomotion in rats as well as the limited recovery of function observed clinically in humans after nerve transection.     

终板蛋白多糖的变化对颈椎间盘力学性能的影响

目的:通过测定退变颈椎间盘压缩性能的改变,同时观测软骨终板基质蛋白多糖(proteoglycan PG)的变化,为退变的椎间盘显现异常力学特性作一分子机制上的探讨。方法:将24只家兔随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组家兔保持45°低屈曲住5小时/次·天,取C5-6椎间盘进行生物力学测定;同时生化测定椎间盘终板糖胺多糖(glycosaminoglycan,GAG)总量、硫酸软骨素(chongdroitin sulphate,CS)和硫酸角质素(keratan sulphate,KS)比值和透明质酸(hyaluronic acid,HA)含量;总结分析颈椎间盘退变时基质各成分的系统变化及其对椎间盘力学性能的影响。结果:模型组终板抗压强度、断裂时的最大形变、终板基质蛋白多糖总含量、硫酸软骨素/硫酸角质素比值、透明质酸含量都低于对照组(P<0.05),并随造模进程的深入而减小。结论:长时间的应力不均状态,造成椎间盘终板材料力学特性改变;颈椎间盘基质蛋白多糖含量和成分改变是颈椎间盘生物力学性能减退的主要原因之一。