大鼠脑损伤后高血糖对血浆白细胞介素-1、内皮素及脑水肿的影响

目的 研究大鼠脑损伤后高血糖对血浆白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、内皮素(ET)及脑水肿的影响。方法 Wistar雄性大鼠50只,随机分为5组:脑损伤后早期高血糖组(I组),脑损伤后早期正常血糖组(Ⅱ组),脑损伤后6小时高血糖组(Ⅲ组),脑损伤后6小时正常血糖组(Ⅳ组),假手术高血糖组(Ⅴ组)。采用自由落体方式制作大鼠脑损伤模型,分别采用放射免疫分析方法及干湿比重法测血浆IL-1、ET值及脑组织含水量。结果 I组血浆IL-1、ET值及脑组织含水量较Ⅱ、Ⅴ组明显升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组IL-1、ET值及脑组织含水量较Ⅳ组无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论 大鼠脑损伤后早期高血糖可加重继发性脑损伤。     

Gadolinium chloride-induced improvement of postischemic hepatic perfusion after warm ischemia is associated with reduced hepatic endothelin secretion

Selective Kupffer cell blockade by gadolinium chloride (GdCl₃) pretreatment of liver donors previously proved to be effective in reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver transplants. Physiological mechanisms of this effect have not been specified so far. Vasoactive peptides are involved in liver blood flow regulation. We tested the hypothesis, that hepatic hemodynamic effects of GdCl₃ pretreatment are mediated by intrahepatic endothelin‐1 (ET) secretion in a standardized porcine model of warm liver ischemia and reperfusion. Standardized warm hepatic ischemia (45 min) was induced after laparotomy in intubation narcoses (ITN) by Pringle‐maneuver in pigs (n = 12). Animals were either pretreated with GdCl₃ (20 mg/kg i.v.) or sodium chloride 0.9% (control group) in a randomized manner 24 h before investigation. Relaparotomy was performed at day 7. Before, during ischemia and until 6 h after liver reperfusion, transhepatic blood flow (portal venous + hepatic artery flow) was defined by ultrasonic flow probes and hepatic parenchymous microcirculation evaluated by implanted thermodiffusion electrodes. ET plasma concentrations were analyzed (commercial RIA) at all time points in the hepatic veins after selective canulation. GdCl₃ pretreatment of animals markedly improved hepatic macro‐ and microperfusion before and particularly after warm ischemia. Mean ET plasma concentrations in the hepatic vein were significantly lower before, 6 h and 7 days after ischemia, compared with controls. Kupffer cell destruction by GdCl₃ pretreatment improves hepatic micro‐ and macroperfusion after warm ischemia, thus indicating reduced ischemia/reperfusion injury. Documented reduction of postischemic liver blood flow impairment after GdCl₃ pretreatment could be mediated by a decreased hepatic ET secretion, as hemodynamic effects were associated with significantly reduced ET plasma levels in hepatic veins.     

Ginkgo biloba extract improves coronary artery circulation in patients with coronary artery disease: contribution of plasma nitric oxide and endothelin-1

In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), coronary blood flow is usually impaired due to imbalanced vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). The study was designed to test the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) blood flow and plasma NO and ET-1 levels. Eighty CAD patients were randomly assigned to GBE (n = 42) and control (n = 38) groups. The LAD blood flow was assessed non-invasively using Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 2 weeks. GBE treatment demonstrated a significant improvement in maximal diastolic peak velocity (MDPV), maximal systolic peak velocity (MSPV) and diastolic time velocity integral (DTVI) compared with controls (14.61 +/- 4.51% vs 0.67 +/- 2.66%, 9.03 +/- 4.81% vs 0.34 +/- 2.67% and 14.69 +/- 5.08% vs 0.68 +/- 3.00%, respectively, p < 0.01). NO was increased by 12.42% (p < 0.01), whereas ET-1 was decreased by 5.82% (p < 0.01). The NO/ET-1 ratio was increased by 19.47% (p < 0.01). A linear correlation was confirmed between the percentage change in LAD blood flow and in NO, ET-1 or NO/ET-1 ratio following GBE treatment. The results suggest that GBE treatment in CAD patients led to an increase of LAD blood flow, which might at least be related partly to the restoration of the delicate equilibrium between NO and ET-1.     

雌激素对绝经后动脉粥样硬化模型兔ET水平及内皮细胞ET-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的　观察雌激素对绝经后动脉粥样硬化模型兔动脉粥样硬化血浆内皮素 (ET)以及ET 1mRNA表达等的影响。方法　纯种新西兰雌兔去势术 0 .5 %胆固醇饲料 静注牛血清白蛋白造成绝经后动脉粥样硬化动物模型 ,模型动物连续使用雌激素 12周后检测相关指标。结果　与模型组相比 ,雌激素能降低ET含量 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并降低ET 1mRNA的表达 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　雌激素能通过ET水平及ET 1mRNA表达的调控作用 ,发挥保护内皮细胞功能的作用     

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血浆内皮素和一氧化氮变化的临床研究

目的：观察血浆内皮素（ET）和一氧化氮（NO）在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）中的含量变化。阐明其在脑损伤中的作用及其与脑损伤程序的关系。方法：将40例HIE患儿分为轻，中，重3组，分别采用酶免法和比色法测定其急性期，恢复期血浆ET和NO含量，设15例正常新生儿为对照组，测定结果经统计学处理。结果：急性期中，重度组ET含量明显于对照组，重度组明显高于中度组，轻度组与对照组无明显差异，恢复期轻，中度组降至正常水平，而重度组仍保持较高水平，与对照组比较有显著性差异，急性期患儿血浆NO含量变化规律与ET相似，而恢复期轻，中，重度组均降至正常，与对照组比较无显著性差异，结论：HIE新生儿血浆ET和NO含量水平升高，且与脑损伤的程度呈正相关，如ET水平持续不降，提示脑损伤程度较重，预后差，如能早期阻断ET和NO所致神经毒性作用，有可能减轻HIE患儿神经细胞损伤程度。     

丹参素对高糖刺激腹膜间皮细胞分泌纤维连接蛋白和I型胶原的影响

目的:探讨丹参素对高糖刺激培养的腹膜间皮细胞(HPMCs) 分泌纤维连接蛋白(FN)和I型胶原(Col-I)的影响.方法:以高糖刺激培养HPMCs,分别加用浓度为10,5,2.5,1.25,0.625 mg/L的丹参素进行干预,并选取浓度为10 mg/L的丹参素干预0,12,24,48,72 h;应用RT-PCR,EL...     

参附注射液对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中内皮功能的影响

目的观察实验兔心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤中内皮功能的改变和参附注射液(SFI)对它的影响及作用机制。方法把21只日本大耳白兔随机分为假手术对照组(A组)、心肌I/R模型组(B组)及心肌I/R SFI治疗组(C组),每组7只。检测指标:结扎前、缺血40min、再灌注40min3个时相点血清一氧化氮代谢产物(NOP)和血浆内皮素(ET)的含量;再灌注40min后心肌组织总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;电镜观察心肌的超微结构。结果B组与A组比较,缺血40min、再灌注40min血清NOP明显降低,血浆ET显著增高,且二者呈显著负相关;再灌注40min后心肌组织T-SOD明显降低,MDA明显增高,NOP与T-SOD、ET与MDA均呈显著正相关,NOP与MDA、ET与T-SOD均呈显著负相关;心肌的超微结构发生异常改变。C组与B组比较,缺血40min、再灌注40minNOP水平明显增高;再灌注40minET水平明显降低;再灌注40min后心肌组织T-SOD显著增高,MDA显著降低;心肌超微结构的异常改变明显减轻。结论SFI具有改善兔心肌I/R中自由基介导的内皮功能紊乱作用,可减轻心肌的I/R损伤。     

瑞芬太尼与芬太尼对全麻诱导气管插管中血流动力学及内源性一氧化氮、内皮素的影响

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼与芬太尼在全麻诱导气管插管时对血流动力学的影响及内源性一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）的变化。方法 60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在全麻下择期手术患者。随机分为两组：瑞芬太尼组（R组）和芬太尼组（F组），每组30例。麻醉诱导静注咪唑安定＋依托咪酯＋卡肌宁＋瑞芬太尼或芬太尼，麻醉维持采用吸入异氟醚以及持续泵注瑞芬太尼或芬太尼。监测插管前后血流动力学及内源性一氧化氮、内皮素的变化。结果 插管前即刻两组心率（HR）均减慢，与基础值比较，两组差异均无统计学意义；插管前即刻两组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）均降低，与基础值比较R组组内差异有显著性（P〈0．05），F组组内差异无统计学意义；插管后1、3、5minHR、SBP、DBP与基础值比较F组组内差异有显著性（P〈0．05），R组组内差异无统计学意义。两组基础HR、SBP、DBP差异无显著性；插管前即刻、插管后1、3、5minSBP、DBPR组显著低于F组（P（0．05）；插管后1、3minHRR组显著低于F组（P〈0．05），有统计学意义。插管后NO、ET明显高于基础值（P〈0．05），R组明显低于F组（P〈0．01）。结论 全麻诱导气管插管时能导致患者心血管反应及内源性NO、ET浓度升高，瑞芬太尼较芬太尼能更好地控制气管插管时的应激反应。     

Progress in anti-endothelin therapy in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure

Endothelin-1 （ ET-1 ） is not only a potent vasoconstrictor , but causes proliferation of many of the vascular cells involved in vascular remodelling .ETA receptors mediate vasoconstriction and cell proliferation , whereas ETB receptors are important for the clearance of ET-1, endothelial cell survival , the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin , and the inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme （ ECE ）-1.ET is activated in pulmonary arterial hypertension （ PAH） , heart failure （ HF） and many other cardiovascular diseases .The most efficient way to antagonize the ET-1 system is the use of ET-1 receptor antagonists that can block either ETA-or ETA-and ETB-receptors, or ECE inhibition which blocks the conversion of big ET-1 to ET-1.In this brief review , we will try to summarize the progress of anti-endothelin therapy in the treatment of PAH and HF treatment therapies .     

补阳还五汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织ET-1基因表达的影响

目的 :观察补阳还五汤对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织 ET- 1基因表达的影响 ,探讨其对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :采用线栓法制成大鼠 MCAO再灌注模型 ,并用地高辛精标记 ET- 1基因进行原位杂交。结果 :补阳还五汤治疗组缺血再灌注侧皮层及尾状核 ET- 1基因表达显著低于生理盐水对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组大鼠缺血再灌注侧皮层和尾状核 ET- 1基因表达均显著高于健侧相应脑区 (P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1)。结论 :脑缺血再灌注可以诱导脑组织 ET- 1基因的异常表达 ,从而进一步加重脑损伤 ,补阳还五汤可在一定程度上下调脑缺血诱导的ET- 1基因的表达 ,可能是其防治缺血性脑血管病的主要作用机制之一。