Vascular endothelial growth factor in the CSF of elderly patients with ventriculomegaly: Variability,periodicity and levels in drainage responders and non-responders

Objectives

The aim of this study was to examine lumbar CSF-VEGF levels from elderly patients with ventriculomegaly to evaluate the possible circadian or periodic concentration profile and relevance to the prediction of drainage response.

Methods

Lumbar CSF samples were collected in 1-h interval over 35 h from 22 patients with ventriculomegaly. CSF-VEGF levels were measured to elucidate the possible circadian or periodic concentration profiles. These VEGF levels were evaluated for correlations with clinical response to CSF drainage, ventricle size and other clinical information.

Results

The 35-h CSF-VEGF levels demonstrated a periodic concentration pattern with significant episodic fluctuation with 3–5 h intervals. CSF-VEGF levels in non-responder group in which patients did not show clinical improvement with CSF drainage were significantly higher than these in responder group.

Conclusion

VEGF variation in hydrocephalus patients suggests its possible pathophysiological role in hydrocephalus. The periodic concentration pattern of CSF-VEGF must be considered when choosing the most appropriate time for sample collection or clinical manipulation. Increased VEGF level in patients who showed no improvement with CSF drainage suggests that a possible greater ischemic or vascular injury may play a role in these patients. Pending further studies, these results suggest that high VEGF levels have a potential application in predicting non-responder patients with CSF drainage and so reducing the morbidity and cost of drainage and shunting in these patients.     

三氧化二砷诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡和抑制血管生成的实验研究

 目的研究三氧化三砷(As2O3)抑制人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)生长、诱导凋亡和抑制血管生成的作用.方法As2O3与HUVECs共同孵育一定时间后,观察细胞形态学变化,并用MTT方法测定细胞生长抑制率、TUNEL方法检测细胞凋亡;观测As2O3对鸡胚血管生成的影响.结果在0.75～6 μmol/L浓度范围内随药物浓度增加或作用时间延长,细胞生长抑制和细胞凋亡效果越显著;As2O3作用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜后血管生成减少.结论As2O3抑制HUVECs生长、诱导细胞凋亡,对血管生成有抑制作用.     

缺氧叠加三氯化铁大鼠肺动脉高压模型肺血管内皮细胞的病理变化

目的 :观察大鼠缺氧叠加静注FeCl3 致肺动脉高压模型肺动脉内皮细胞的病理变化。方法 :常规病理组织学和透射电子显微镜及多功能显微镜观察肺动脉内皮细胞的变化。结果 :缺氧叠加静注FeCl3 2周、4周时肺动脉平滑肌肥厚 ,肺间质有大量炎细胞浸润 ,血小板聚集 ,微血栓形成 ,血管内皮剥脱 ,内膜下组织暴露 ,内膜下及弹力纤维变形 ,内皮细胞成片脱落为循环内皮细胞。结论 :缺氧叠加静注FeCl3 引起的肺动脉内皮细胞脱落 ,内膜下组织暴露 ,微血栓形成和平滑肌肥厚是肺动脉高压形成的病理学基础     

血管内皮细胞在动脉粥样硬化中的损伤机理

目的探讨血管内皮细胞在动脉粥样硬化形成过程中的损伤机理。方法复习相关文献。对有关进展进行总结分析。结果各种致病因素造成细胞因子生成增多，激活了控制细胞粘附分子表达的核因子-κB，进而使细胞粘附分子表达增强，促进单核细胞一血管内皮细胞为主的粘附形成增多，释放大量炎性介质(氧自由基及蛋白酶等)，不仅直接损伤血管内皮细胞，并可以通过免疫机理使大量单核细胞及中性粒细胞与血管内皮细胞粘附结合，进一步损伤血管内皮细胞。同时，受损的血管内皮细胞由于膜结构的改变引起抗动脉抗体的产生以致补体系统被激活而加重了血管内皮细胞的损伤，也促进了动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。结论正确认识血管内皮细胞在动脉粥样硬化发生、发展过程中受损机理，对于动脉粥样硬化的防治具有重要意义。     

成骨细胞与血管内皮细胞联合培养的生物学特性

目的探讨成骨细胞与血管内皮细胞联合培养的生物学特性. 方法取2周龄乳兔颅盖骨及肾脏皮质传代培养制备成骨细胞(A组)、血管内皮细胞(B组)及成骨细胞与血管内皮细胞联合培养(C组),用Ⅰ型胶原和血管Ⅷ因子免疫细胞化学染色鉴定成骨细胞和血管内皮细胞,倒置相差显微镜和组织学染色观察细胞的生长特性和细胞相容性,检测碱性磷酸酶 (alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性,观察血管内皮细胞对成骨细胞产生的ALP活性有无影响,MTT法检测细胞活力,分析细胞生长和增殖情况. 结果免疫细胞化学染色证实,培养的细胞为成骨细胞和血管内皮细胞.倒置相差显微镜、HE和Masson染色均显示两种细胞混合生长良好.ALP检测结果:C组ALP活性明显高于A组和B组(P＜0.01),A组高于B组(P＜0.05).MTT检测结果表明:C组细胞早期增殖较慢,而后期增殖较快. 结论成骨细胞与血管内皮细胞具有良好的相容性,血管内皮细胞能够增强成骨细胞的ALP活性,提高成骨细胞的增殖能力.联合培养细胞具有很强的增殖潜能.     

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis in superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic significance of angiogenesis parameters such as microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in superficial bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 127 superficial bladder cancer samples immunohistochemically for the above factors. We compared them with standard clinicopathological features (grade, stage, concurrent in situ, multifocality, primary or recurrent status) as well as with p53 expression, recurrence and progression to muscle infiltrating disease. RESULTS: During a 36 months median follow up of 109 patients with superficial primary tumors (min. 3, max. 69 months), 80 of them recurred (73.4%), while 8 patients (7.3%) progressed to muscle invading disease. A significant correlation was noted between MVD and VEGF in all 127 samples (p = 0.019). No association was noted between MVD or VEGF with the other clinicopathological features, recurrence or progression. Although progression free survival rates of categorized microvessel density (up to and higher than median value) differed significantly only in grade 3 patients, no independent prognostic significance could be attributed to MVD. No correlation was observed between MVD or VEGF with p53 protein. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data we suggest that VEGF is not useful for predicting recurrence or progression in superficial bladder cancer. Microvessel density determination may help to predict progression of grade 3 patients to muscle invasive disease but not as an independent prognostic factor.     

Efficiency of small-volume resuscitation in restoration of disturbed skeletal muscle microcirculation after soft-tissue trauma and haemorrhagic shock

Background and aims Despite advances in primary care, trauma in conjunction with shock remains the leading cause for morbidity and mortality of young adults in western countries. Herein, we report on the efficiency of small-volume resuscitation to improve compromised perfusion of traumatised skeletal muscle tissue in shock.Methods In pentobarbital anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated rats, closed soft-tissue trauma of the right hind limb was induced, followed by induction of haemorrhagic shock [mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) 40 mmHg for 1 h]. For resuscitation, animals received saline (four-times the shed blood volume/20 min), 10% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 200/0.5 (equal to shed blood volume/5 min) or 7.2% sodium chloride/6% hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (HyperHES; 10% of shed blood volume/2 min). At 2 h of resuscitation, traumatised skeletal muscle tissue was analysed by in vivo microscopy. Non-resuscitated animals served as shock controls.Results Despite incomplete restoration of systemic blood pressure, HyperHES was superior to saline, but not to HES, with respect to amelioration of nutritive perfusion. Inflammatory cell response within the traumatised skeletal muscle tissue escaped from the anti-adhesive properties of HyperHES when applied for resuscitation from hypovolaemic shock, and did not differ from values in HES-treated and saline-treated animals.Conclusion Resuscitation with HyperHES is as effective as HES in improving capillary perfusion in traumatised skeletal muscle during haemorrhagic shock. However, because values of functional capillary density in the HyperHES-treated and HES-treated animals were still markedly below those reported in traumatised skeletal muscle of normovolaemic animals, further tools are needed to enhance efficiency in treatment of local skeletal muscle tissue injury during haemorrhagic shock.The paper was presented at the International Symposium on Significance of Musculo-Skeletal Soft Tissue on Pre-Operative Planning, Surgery and Healing, 13–14 February 2003, Berlin, Germany     

MRI评价VEGF转染自体骨髓基质细胞移植治疗慢性心肌缺血的实验研究

目的应用MR多技术扫描评价转染血管内皮生长因子的自体骨髓基质细胞移植于慢性缺血动物模型猪后对心功能的保护和促血管新生作用。方法将慢性缺血心脏病模型猪随机分2组:注射转染血管内皮生长因子基因的自体骨髓基质细胞组(组Ⅰ,n=9)和注射空腺病毒载体的对照组(组Ⅱ,n=7)。治疗后4周应用MR多技术扫描检测各实验组射血分数、缺血坏死节段,取心脏标本测定梗塞区的百分比、荧光显微镜下标记细胞、血管数量。结果与组Ⅱ相比组I的射血分数明显提高,缺血坏死面积明显减少(P<0.05),且荧光显微镜下可见大量CM-D iI标记的移植存活细胞。组I缺血区血管计数高于组II并有显著性差异。结论携带血管内皮生长因子的自体骨髓基质细胞移植治疗缺血性心脏病具有明显的优越性,移植细胞成活率高,心功能和局部血运改善明显。