鼻窦可吸收类固醇缓释植入系统在儿童鼻内镜手术中的初步应用

目的观察鼻窦可吸收类固醇缓释植入系统在儿童鼻内镜手术(FESS)中应用的安全性和有效性。方法我科收治的4~13岁慢性鼻窦炎合并鼻息肉患儿20例,均为单侧发病。将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各10例,均行FESS。观察组术中于术腔置入鼻窦类固醇药物缓释支架。术后随访半年,采用视觉模拟量表、Lund-Kennedy评分法进行症状和术腔黏膜评估。结果观察组均成功置入药物缓释支架。术后随访至6个月时,观察组所有患儿症状均较术前明显改善(P<0.05),术后介入率较对照组显著降低(P=0.039),均未见复发。所有支架均被完全吸收。结论儿童FESS中应用类固醇缓释植入物安全、有效。     

The effects of oral steroid duration on stricture prevention after extensive endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer

BackgroundEsophageal stricture is a major complication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with superficial esophageal cancer (SEC). Oral steroids have been used to prevent esophageal stricture in patients with more than 75% of the esophageal circumference resected. However, there are no established guidelines regarding the optimal duration of steroid use. This retrospective observational study aimed to compare the incidence of esophageal stricture according to the period of prophylactic oral steroid use and to identify the risk factors for esophageal stricture.MethodsEighty-one patients who were prescribed prophylactic steroid after undergoing ESD for SEC with more than 75% of esophageal circumference resected were enrolled. Patients were classified into the four-week steroid group (n=72) or eight-week steroid group (n=9) to compare the incidence of esophageal stricture. In addition, the patients were subdivided into those who developed esophageal stricture (n=24) and those who did not (n=57) to identify the risk factors for esophageal stricture.ResultsTwenty patients (27.8%) in the four-week oral steroid group and four patients (44.4%) in the eight-week oral steroid group developed esophageal stricture (P=0.44). The univariable analysis identified tumor size, longitudinal length of semi-circumferential resection, and proportion of circumferential resection as risk factors of esophageal stricture. The multivariable analysis identified the proportion of circumferential resection as an independent risk factor. After adjusting for the proportion of circumferential resection, the incidence of stricture was marginally higher in the eight-week steroid group [P=0.05; odds ratio (OR): 5.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–32.15].ConclusionsEight weeks of oral steroid prophylaxis does not reduce the risk of stricture after extensive ESD more than four weeks of oral steroid prophylaxis. The proportion of circumferential resection is the strongest risk factor for stricture in patients with SEC undergoing ESD.     

Endoscopic Reintervention for Recurrence of Malignant Biliary Obstruction: Developing the Best Strategy

Drainage therapy for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) includes trans-papillary endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), and trans-gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). With the development of chemotherapy, many MBO cases end up needing endoscopic reintervention (E-RI) for recurrent biliary obstruction. To achieve a successful E-RI, it is necessary to understand the various findings regarding E-RI in MBO cases reported to date. Therefore, in this review, we focus on E-RI for ERBD of distal MBO, ERBD of hilar MBO, and EUS-BD. To plan an appropriate E-RI strategy for biliary stent occlusion for MBO, the following must be considered on a case-by-case basis: the urgency of the drainage, the cause of the occlusion, the original route of drainage (PTBD/ERBD/EUS-BD), the initial stent used (plastic stent or self-expandable metallic stent), and in the case of self-expandable metallic stents, the type used (fully covered or uncovered). Regardless of the original method of stent placement, if the inflammation caused by obstructive cholangitis is severe and/or the patient is in shock, PTBD should be considered as the first choice. Finally, it is important to keep in mind that in many cases, performing E-RI will be difficult.     

Comparison of the background echotexture between automated breast ultrasound and handheld breast ultrasound

This study aimed to compare the background echotexture (BE) between automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and handheld breast ultrasound (HHUS) and evaluate the correlation of BE with mammographic (MG) density and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 212 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who had undergone preoperative ABUS, HHUS, MG, and MRI were included. Two breast radiologists blinded to the menopausal status analyzed the BE of the contralateral breasts of the patients with breast cancer in consensus. The MG density and BPE of breast MRI on the radiologic reports were compared with the BE in the ultrasound. We used the cumulative link mixed model to compare the BE and Spearman rank correlation to evaluate the association between BE with MG density and BPE. BE was more heterogeneous in ABUS than in HHUS (P < .001) and in the premenopausal group than in the postmenopausal group (P < .001). The heterogeneity of BE in the premenopausal group was higher with ABUS than with HHUS (P = .013). BE and MG density showed a moderate correlation in the postmenopausal group, but a weak correlation in the premenopausal group. BE and BPE showed moderate correlations only in the premenopausal group. ABUS showed a more heterogeneous BE, especially in the premenopausal group. Therefore, more attention is required to interpret ABUS screening in premenopausal women.     

99mTc-tetrofosmin显像与超声检查在乳腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值比较

目的 探讨99mTc-tetrofosmin(99mTc-TF)平面显像、断层显像诊断乳腺癌的临床价值,并与超声检查做比较.方法 50例女性受检者均行99mTc-TF平面显像、断层显像及超声检查.以病理结果为金标准,探讨并比较99mTc-TF平面显像、断层显像及超声检查在乳腺癌良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 99mTc-TF平面、断层显像和超声检查诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度分别为74.2%、93.5%、87.1%,特异性为66.7%、73.3%、80%.结论 99mTc-TF显像尤其是断层显像是一种新的有效诊断乳腺癌的方法,可与超声检查相媲美.     

营养对肝硬变食管静脉曲张患者套扎硬化术后的影响

目的观察食管静脉曲张套扎硬化术治疗前后肝功能及凝血酶原时间(PT)与营养摄入的关系。方法选择食管静脉曲张套扎治疗的患者31例,观察术前、术后7d、1个月及2个月肝功能、凝血酶原时间、体重变化情况。结果术前、术后7d白蛋白(A)及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及体重相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),但治疗前、术后1个月相比,则有显著性差异(P<0.05)。而与术后2个月相比则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论应重视加强肝硬变食管静脉曲张套扎硬化术后患者的营养。     

内窥镜下激光睫状体光凝术联合玻璃体切割术治疗糖尿病新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效

目的　探讨内窥镜下激光睫状体光凝术联合玻璃体切割术治疗糖尿病新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效。方法　选取２４例（２４眼）糖尿病新生血管性青光眼患者,行内窥镜下激光睫状体光凝术联合玻璃体切割术,术后至少随访６个月。观测指标包括手术前后患者视力、眼压变化、新生血管消退程度和术后并发症情况。结果　术后视力提高１４眼,不变８眼,降低２眼。术后第１天眼压为（２９．４±１０．８）ｍｍＨｇ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）,１个月时为（２１．０±１１．９）ｍｍＨｇ,最终随访时为（２０．１±１０．８）ｍｍ-Ｈｇ,与术前（４６．６±７．３）ｍｍＨｇ比较,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。术后新生血管完全消失１０眼,部分消失残留少量无功能血管者１２眼,未见明显改善者２眼。术后第１天８例患者发生颜面部浮肿;术后发生球结膜混合充血９眼、角膜水肿４眼、一过性高眼压４眼、复发性玻璃体出血１眼（后行玻璃体腔灌洗术后病情稳定）。结论　内窥镜下激光睫状体光凝术联合玻璃体切割术治疗糖尿病新生血管性青光眼短期内临床效果显著,并发症少,患者痛苦少,是一种相对有效、安全的手术方法。     

Post-voiding residual volume in 154 primiparae 3 days after vaginal delivery under epidural anesthesia

OBJECTIVES: To use 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) to determine the frequency of post-voiding residual volume (PVRV) > or =100 mL in primiparae 3 days after receiving epidural anesthesia for vaginal delivery. Potential relationships between day-3 PVRV > or =100 mL and obstetrical-pediatric parameters, especially those possibly implicated in post-obstetrical bladder dysfunction, were examined. STUDY DESIGN: We recruited 154 primiparae who vaginally delivered term singletons following uncomplicated pregnancies in the maternity unit of a French teaching hospital. All women had been systematically catheterized 2-h postpartum to measure precisely the volume of urine retained. On the morning of discharge (day 3), when the patient felt the urge to urinate, her 3D-US pre-voiding bladder volume was determined with BladderScan (BVI-3000), then her spontaneously voided urine was collected to accurately quantify its volume and 3D-US was repeated immediately to evaluate the PVRV. PVRV > or =100 mL on day 3 was considered pathological. RESULT: Among these 154 women, 88 (57%) felt the need to urinate and 97 (63%) had a retained volume > or =500 mL at 2-h postpartum. On day-3 postpartum, the median [range] volumes for the entire cohort were: 426.7 [158-999.7] mL 3D-US-measured pre-voiding, 350 [15-1000] mL collected by spontaneous urination, 82.2 [5.3-433.3] mL 3D-US-determined post-voiding; PVRV exceeded 100 mL for 55 (36%). According to our univariate analysis, no factor considered was able to predict PVRV > or =100 mL on day 3. CONCLUSION: Our observations confirmed the existence of PVRV > or =100 mL on day 3 in more than one-third of these primiparae who delivered vaginally under epidural anesthesia. No obstetrical-pediatric factor could be implicated in this bladder dysfunction. Therefore, we recommend frequent and systematic non-invasive 3D-US monitoring of all postpartum patients at least until day 3 to avoid excessive urine retention.