种植磁性覆盖义齿的临床效果观察

目的探讨种植磁附着体全口义齿对下颌牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者的修复效果。方法采用C D I C牙种植体及配套磁性附着体,为15例下颌牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者在下颌两侧第一前磨牙区各植入1枚种植体,4～6个月后制作下颌全口义齿并在组织面粘固磁体。进行咀嚼效率和患者满意度测定。结果种植磁附着体全口义齿在粘固磁体后及粘固后2周的固位力和咀嚼效率均较放置磁体前明显提高,且患者满意度提高。结论磁性固位种植体覆盖义齿用于牙槽骨严重吸收的无牙颌患者修复治疗的临床效果好。     

降低垂直距离在老年全口义齿修复中的应用

目的:观察适当降低垂直距离对老年人全口义齿修复效果的影响。方法:采用传统法和降低3mm垂直距离法,为40例老年患者分别制作完成2副全口义齿。适应3个月后,测定咀嚼效能和压痛点。采用SAS6.04软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:降低3mm垂直距离制作的全口义齿咀嚼效能与传统法比较,无显著差异(P>0.05),但压痛点显著少于传统法(P<0.05)。结论:降低3mm垂直距离法是临床上可行的老年人全口义齿修复方法。     

Task Group for Orthodontics Report.

Abstract

The UK Specialist Review Group of the General Dental Council's Education Committee has been charged with taking forward the recommendations in the Chief Dental Officer's report 'UK Specialist Dental Training'. The Specialist Review Group has, in turn, established a number of specialty task groups. This report is from the Task Group for Orthodontics. It was submitted in May 1996.     

下颌角截骨术后咀嚼效率的评估

目的评估下颌角截骨术对患者咀嚼效率的影响。方法选择15例拟行下颌角截骨术（下颌角下颌缘切除合并下颌体部外侧骨皮质劈除术）患者,排除牙周疾病、颞下颌关节疼痛及偏颌等疾病,采用杏仁、小枣过筛称重法,分别测量患者术前、术后1个月及术后6个月的咀嚼效率。结果患者术后1个月与术前相比咀嚼效率明显减小,差异有统计学意义;术后6个月与术后1个月相比,咀嚼效率明显增大,差异有统计学意义;术后6个月与术前相比,差异无统计学意义。结论下颌角截骨术对患者的咀嚼效率无明显影响。     

Orthodontic treatment efficiency with self-ligating and conventional edgewise twin brackets: A prospective randomized clinical trial

Objective:To conduct a prospective and randomized study of the efficiency of orthodontic treatment with self-ligating edgewise brackets (SL; Time2 brand, American Orthodontics) and conventional edgewise twin brackets (CE; Gemini brand, 3M).Materials and Methods:One hundred consecutive patients were randomized to treatment with either SL or CE brackets. The participants were treated by one of three specialists in orthodontics and with continuous instructions alternately by five orthodontic assistants according to our normal treatment routine (ie, modified 0.022″ MBT preadjusted edgewise technique). The treatments were evaluated in terms of overall treatment time, number of visits, and treatment outcome using the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). The number of emergency appointments, number of archwires, overjet, relative space, and extractions at treatment start were noted.Results:After dropouts, the analyzed material consisted of 44 patients treated with SL (mean age 15.3 years, mean ICON 60.7, 70.4% female) and 46 patients treated with CE (mean age 15.0 years, mean ICON 56.5, 71.7% female). There were no statistically significant differences between the SL and CE groups in terms of mean treatment time in months (20.4 vs 18.2), mean number of visits (15.5 vs 14.1), mean ICON scores after treatment (13.2 vs 11.9), or mean ICON improvement grade (7.9 vs 9.1).Conclusion:Orthodontic treatment with SL brackets does not reduce treatment time or number of appointments and does not affect posttreatment ICON scores or ICON improvement grade compared with CE brackets.     

Surviving Black Holes and Finding the Third Dimension,with Alex

This article discusses challenges in the treatment of a child, Alex, who is 11?years old when he begins treatment with the author. By the end of Alex’s first year of treatment, his sessions have become so deadening that his therapist often struggles to stay awake. Some days, she remains alert, but finds herself unable to feel or think. During a particularly grueling stretch, the author encounters Francis Tustin’s The Protective Shell, Tustin’s account of her psychoanalytic work with autistic children. Tustin’s ideas, when used by this author, have a transformative effect on Alex’s treatment. The author comes to understand that Alex employs autistic defenses, or protections—i.e., he is partially encapsulated. Tustin’s formulations regarding the etiology of autistic protections facilitate new possibilities for understanding and metabolizing Alex’s communications. In addition, the author grasps the importance of becoming a bolder and more active therapeutic presence with Alex.     

Brief checklists for assessing violence risk among patients discharged from acute psychiatric facilities: A preliminary study

Research evidence indicates that approximately 10 h a week is a sufficient intensity for short-term day treatment programmes for patients with personality disorders. In this article, we discuss which therapeutic components should be included in such a programme. Relevant research and clinical literature are reviewed. The fit between the therapeutic components and the programme as a whole is discussed according to: 1) scientific evidence of the effectiveness of the therapeutic components, 2) a sound theoretical rationale, 3) evidence of user satisfaction among patients, 4) clinical experiences of staff, 5) comprehensiveness and consistency, and 6) available therapeutic skills and resources. We advocate an 11-h treatment programme comprising small group psychotherapy, art group therapy, large group psychotherapy, cognitive group therapy, problem-solving group therapy and optional adjuncts (cognitive behavioural group therapy) for patients with additional anxiety and eating disorders.     

多中心评价银杏内酯注射液治疗缺血性脑卒中药物经济学

目的 研究多中心常规方法加银杏内酯注射液治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效、经济性、安全性,评价药物经济价值。方法 采用前瞻性队列研究的试验方法,收集各中心2013年8月-2014年12月缺血性脑卒中患者,以银杏内酯注射液加常规治疗的患者为治疗组;对照组患者在常规治疗基础上可使用其他活血化瘀类药物,治疗组354例,对照组180例;在出院后3、6、12个月对两组患者进行电话随访,获取药效指标：日常生活活动能力评价（ADL）评分、生活自理患者比例、痊愈率、复发率、全因死亡率;经济学指标：患者工作恢复率、成本效果比（CER）;以及不良事件发生率、严重程度,评估患者不同治疗方案的远期获益差异。结果 出院后3、6、12个月,治疗组的ADL评分、痊愈率、自理率、工作恢复率均优于对照组,且差异显著（P<0.05）;出院后12个月,治疗组复发率和死亡率优于对照组,且差异显著（P<0.05）;出院后6、12个月,治疗组的CER均小于对照组（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生率均较低。结论 远期评估发现,经银杏内酯注射液治疗患者较未接受其治疗患者临床效果更佳,CER更优,证明了银杏内酯注射液治疗脑卒中的有效性及经济性。     

Elastin-like polypeptides: the power of design for smart cell encapsulation

Introduction: Cell encapsulation technology is still a challenging issue. Innovative methodologies such as additive manufacturing, and alternative bioprocesses, such as cell therapeutic delivery, where cell encapsulation is a key tool are rapidly gaining importance for their potential in regenerative medicine. Responsive materials such as elastin-based recombinant expression products have features that are particularly attractive for cell encapsulation. They can be designed and tailored to meet desired requirements. Thus, they represent promising candidates for the development of new concept-based materials that can be employed in this field.

Areas covered: An overview of the design and employment of elastin-like polypeptides for cell encapsulation is given to outline the state of the art. Special attention is paid to the design of the macromolecule employed as well as to the method of matrix formation and the biological system involved.

Expert opinion: As a result of recent progress in regenerative medicine there is a compelling need for materials that provide specific properties and demonstrate defined functional features. Rationally designed materials that may adapt according to applied external stimuli and that are responsive to biological systems, such as elastin-like polypeptides, belong to this class of smart material. A run through the components described to date represents a good starting point for further advancement in this area. Employment of these components in cell encapsulation application will promote its advance toward ‘smart cell encapsulation technology’.