北京地区高学历吸毒者的情况分析

目的:了解北京地区高学历吸毒者的情况,为采取有效防范措施提供依据。方法:自拟调查问卷对北京市安康医院戒毒中心2000年1月1日-2003年12月31日收治的戒毒人员中大专以上高学历者进行逐项登记,并对吸毒原因、毒品滥用等情况分析。结果:高学历吸毒者共计431例,占同期戒毒的4.52%,其中男265例(61.48%),女166例(38.52%)。婚姻状况:未婚289例(67.05%),已婚100例(23.20%);职业:以无业为主,219例(50.81%),其次为职员,73例(16.94%);吸毒主要原因:好奇264例(61.25%)、受他人(朋友)影响112例(25.99%);主要滥用毒品的种类:海洛因274例(63.57%)、“摇头丸”130例(30.16%);滥用方式:海洛因滥用者中烫吸155例(57.57%)、注射119例(43.43%),“摇头丸”均为口服,其中119例(91.54%)兑于酒或饮料中使用;大麻均为烟吸,“K粉”均为兑于饮料中使用。有86.92%(113/130)的“摇头丸”滥用者认为服用摇头丸不会成瘾。结论:高学历吸毒人群以未婚、无固定职业为主体,高学历者好奇心强,易受他人影响,对新型毒品(摇头丸)知识欠缺,有关部门应加强宣传教育。     

合并乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人DOTS中肝损害观察

目的 观察免费板式组合药在DOTS中对合并乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人肝损害情况。方法 比较HBsAg、HBeAg、HBcAb阳性的涂阳肺结核病人与无乙肝的涂阳肺结核病人DOTS前后肝功能损害情况。结果 合并乙肝病人肝损害发生率66．3％，无乙肝者肝损害发生率8．6％，两者相比差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。22．5％病人因肝损害需更改治疗方案。结论 DOTS中合并乙肝的病人采用板式组合药用2H3R3Z3E3／4H3R3方案易发生肝损害，对这类病人应慎用常规方案，并要密切全程观察肝功能，尽可能应用肝损害较小的抗结核药。     

工作作为药物及酒精滥用者有效的干预策略和治疗方法

1Introduction Substanceabusecontinuestobeamongthemostsevereso cialandcostlyhealthproblemsdevastatingindividualsandtheir familiesintheUnitedStates.Initssimplestdefinition,sub stanceabuseisthecontinueduseofalcoholorotherdrugsde spiteknowledgeofhavingapersistentsocial,vocational,psy chologicalorphysicalproblemthatiscausedorexacerbatedby theuseofalcoholorotherdrugs(DSMIV TR,1994).All drugsofabuse,includingalcohol,aretoxicandcannegatively impacteverysysteminthehumanorganism.Protractedsub stance…     

1040例在院病人抗生素一日使用调查报告

目的了解住院病人抗生素使用情况。方法采用横断面调查的方法时我院2005年7月27日所有住院病人抗生素使用情况进行调查。结果抗生素日使用率为34．81％（304／1040），治疗用抗生素占39．67％（144／363），预防用占16．25％（59／363），治疗＋预防占44．08％（160／363），抗生素单用和二联占95．04％（344／363），三联及以上者4．96％（18／363），抗生素日使用种类47种，病原体送检率7．57％（23／304）。结论我院抗生素日使用率不高，抗生素联合使用总体较好，但仍有病原送检率低、抗生素使用品种多、起点高、部分囤术期抗生素预防用药的时机不合理等现象，建议加强宣传教育力度，提高监测速度和指导医师合理用药。     

抗结核药物不良反应293例临床分析

[背景]观察抗结核药物的不良反应.[病例报告]对293例应用抗结核药物后出现不良反应的患者资料进行分析,抗结核药物常见不良反应的有肝脏损害、胃肠道反应、听力障碍及关节痛等.[讨论]应依据患者的具体情况,选择不同的抗结核药物进行联合应用.     

Urological emergency in neonates with congenital hydronephrosis

OBJECTIVE: It is well described that unilateral pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is a benign condition, because the dilatation resolves spontaneously and the function does not decrease in most of the kidneys. However, there is exceptional PUJO that requires emergent treatment in neonatal periods. The aim of this article is to report the urological emergency and management in neonates with PUJO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine children (seven boys and two girls) with PUJO who underwent neonatal emergent treatment during the last 13 years were reviewed. Renal function was evaluated according to decay curve of serum creatinine (SCr) levels corresponding to gestational age (GA) at delivery. Physical examination, ultrasonographic monitoring, and chest and abdominal plain radiographs were repeated in each neonate. RESULTS: Eight patients were detected prenatally. In five patients, multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was demonstrated on the contralateral side. Three patients underwent percutaneous puncture of fetal hydronephrosis. Decrease of amniotic fluid was evident in three fetuses. Indications for emergent treatment included mass effect from hydronephrosis in three patients, renal dysfunction in five, and severe urinary tract infection in one. During neonatal periods, a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was placed in seven, and open nephrostomy in one with anorectal malformation. Repeated punctures of the dilated renal pelvis were done in one patient. Renal function after pyeloplasty was stable in eight patients, while it was moderately decreased in one who was associated with oligohydramnios in utero. CONCLUSION: Indications for emergent treatment in neonates with PUJO included mass effect from giant hydronephrosis, renal dysfunction and severe urinary tract infection. At birth, respiratory and circulatory conditions must first be stabilized. In neonates with hydronephrosis of the solitary kidney or severe bilateral PUJO, serial SCr should be monitored to evaluate renal function. Decrease of amniotic fluid suggested renal functional compromise that would not recover after urological management.     

西咪替丁对林可霉素生物利用度的影响

通过8名健康志愿者服药后的对照实验,用微生物法检测血药浓度,按一室模型配置求算药物动力学参数,探讨西咪替丁对林可霉素体内过程的影响。结果表明,西咪替丁不能改变林可霉素的吸收速率(Ka)和消除速率(Ke),但可通过增加其吸收程度或改变其分布容积,使林可霉素的血药浓度和生物利用度分别增加约19％和27％。     

烧伤病人耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素的检测和耐药性分析

目的:评价乳胶结合实验,检测重症监护病房(ICU)耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)及其肠毒素(SE),并进行耐药性分析。方法:收集260株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株,通过药敏试验将其分为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA),用反向间接血凝试验(RPHA)检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素。结果:MRSA产肠毒素为134株,MSSA产肠毒素为38株,MRSA产肠毒素率为100％,MSSA产肠毒素率为30％。结论:重症监护病房应重视MRSA的检测和金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素的检测,合理使用广谱抗菌药物。