Spatial memory extinction differentially affects dorsal and ventral hippocampal metabolic activity and associated functional brain networks

Previous studies showed the involvement of brain regions associated with both spatial learning and associative learning in spatial memory extinction, although the specific role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and the extended hippocampal system including the mammillary body in the process is still controversial. The present study aimed to identify the involvement of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, together with cortical regions, the amygdaloid nuclei, and the mammillary bodies in the extinction of a spatial memory task. To address these issues, quantitative cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry was applied as a metabolic brain mapping method. Rats were trained in a reference memory task using the Morris water maze, followed by an extinction procedure of the previously acquired memory task. Results show that rats learned successfully the spatial memory task as shown by the progressive decrease in measured latencies to reach the escape platform and the results obtained in the probe test. Spatial memory was subsequently extinguished as shown by the descending preference for the previously reinforced location. A control naïve group was added to ensure that brain metabolic changes were specifically related with performance in the spatial memory extinction task. Extinction of the original spatial learning task significantly modified the metabolic activity in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, the amygdala and the mammillary bodies. Moreover, the ventral hippocampus, the lateral mammillary body and the retrosplenial cortex were differentially recruited in the spatial memory extinction task, as shown by group differences in brain metabolic networks. These findings provide new insights on the brain regions and functional brain networks underlying spatial memory, and specifically spatial memory extinction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

右美托咪啶辅助静吸复合全麻用于小儿气管异物取出术的效果

目的 评价右美托咪啶辅助静吸复合全麻用于小儿气管异物取出术的效果.方法 拟行气管异物取出术患儿60例,性别不限,年龄1～4岁,体重8 ～ 23 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患儿随机分为静吸复合全麻组(Ⅰ组)和右美托咪啶辅助静吸复合全麻组(Ⅱ组),每组30例.入室后面罩吸入8％七氟醚诱导入睡,入睡后减至4％,Ⅱ组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5 μg/kg,随后静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg,接着静脉输注异丙酚6mg·kg-1·h-1和瑞芬太尼0.15 μg·kg-·min-1维持麻醉,Ⅰ组除不用右美托咪啶外余同Ⅱ组,2 min后停止吸入七氟醚开始置入硬支气管镜.于进镜前、进镜1和5 min时记录HR和SpO2,记录呼吸抑制、喉头水肿和心动过缓等的发生情况,术后记录异丙酚和瑞芬太尼总用量、镜检满意情况及苏醒时间.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组患儿进镜1和5 min时HR降低,进镜1 min时SpO2升高,异丙酚和瑞芬太尼用量减少,手术时间缩短,苏醒时间延长,镜检满意度升高,呼吸抑制和喉头水肿发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 右美托咪啶辅助静吸复合全麻用于小儿气管异物取出术的效果较静吸复合全麻好,且并发症少.     

Multiple rice body formation accompanying the chronic nonspecific tenosynovitis of flexor tendons of the wrist

Rice body formation is generally a rare disorder related to rheumatoid arthritis. It can also be observed in cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, seronegative arthritis, infectious arthritis (tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infection), nonspecific arthritis, and osteoarthritis. It is generally located within joints or bursae. Multiple rice bodies of tendon sheaths are rarely encountered. Rice body formation may also be encountered without underlying systemic disorders. We present a case of multiple rice body formation that accompanied chronic nonspecific tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons of the wrist.     

Predictive value of seven preoperative prognostic scoring systems for spinal metastases

Predicting prognosis is the key factor in selecting the proper treatment modality for patients with spinal metastases. Therefore, various assessment systems have been designed in order to provide a basis for deciding the course of treatment. Such systems have been proposed by Tokuhashi, Sioutos, Tomita, Van der Linden, and Bauer. The scores differ greatly in the kind of parameters assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of each score. Eight parameters were assessed for 69 patients (37 male, 32 female): location, general condition, number of extraspinal bone metastases, number of spinal metastases, visceral metastases, primary tumour, severity of spinal cord palsy, and pathological fracture. Scores according to Tokuhashi (original and revised), Sioutos, Tomita, Van der Linden, and Bauer were assessed as well as a modified Bauer score without scoring for pathologic fracture. Nineteen patients were still alive as of September 2006 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. All other patients died after a mean period of 17 months after operation. The mean overall survival period was only 3 months for lung cancer, followed by prostate (7 months), kidney (23 months), breast (35 months), and multiple myeloma (51 months). At univariate survival analysis, primary tumour and visceral metastases were significant parameters, while Karnofsky score was only significant in the group including myeloma patients. In multivariate analysis of all seven parameters assessed, primary tumour and visceral metastases were the only significant parameters. Of all seven scoring systems, the original Bauer score and a Bauer score without scoring for pathologic fracture had the best association with survival (P < 0.001). The data of the present study emphasize that the original Bauer score and a modified Bauer score without scoring for pathologic fracture seem to be practicable and highly predictive preoperative scoring systems for patients with spinal metastases. However, decision for or against surgery should never be based alone on a prognostic score but should take symptoms like pain or neurological compromise into account. A reviewer’s comment on this original article is available at doi:.     

小儿气道异物取出术中及术后发生去氧饱和的危险因素

目的 筛选小儿气道异物取出术中及术后发生去氧饱和的危险因素.方法 选择2007年2月至2008年10月就诊于本院的气道异物患儿301例,年龄5月～12岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,记录患儿术前合并症情况、异物留存时间、异物种类、异物位置、通气方式、置入硬支气管镜时体动反应的发生情况、术后喉痉挛的发生情况、手术时间、拔管时麻醉深度、苏醒时间及术中、术后去氧饱和的发生情况.脉搏血氧饱和度<90%并超过5 S定义为发生去氧饱和.采用logistic回归分析筛选术中及术后发生去氧饱和的危险因素.结果 术中去氧饱和的发生率为20.4%,术后去氧饱和的发生率为12.2%.logistic回归分析结果显示术前合并肺炎、异物种类为植物种子类、手术时间>20 min、保留自主呼吸的通气方式是患儿术中发生去氧饱和的危险因素;异物种类为植物种子类及苏醒时间延长是患儿术后发生去氧饱和的危险因素.结论 术前合并肺炎、异物种类为植物种子类、手术时间>20 min、保留自主呼吸的通气方式是患儿术中发生去氧饱和的危险因素;异物种类为植物种子类及苏醒时间延长是患儿术后发生去氧饱和的危险因素.     

硬质支气管镜和软式支气管镜在儿童支气管异物中的应用比较

目的：比较硬质支气管镜和软式支气管镜在儿童支气管异物取出中的应用效果和安全性。方法 ：选取2019年9月至2021年9月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院收治的240例支气管异物的儿童作为研究对象,按照术中采用的支气管镜类型分为硬质支气管镜组（140例）和软式支气管镜组（100例）,比较一次性异物取出成功率、手术时间、术中氧饱和度、麻醉方式、麻醉时间、住院时间及不良反应。结果：软式支气管镜治疗儿童支气管异物的麻醉时间较硬质支气管镜短,术中氧饱和度更高,但手术时间更长,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组患儿一次性异物取出成功率、麻醉方式、住院时间、总体不良反应无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：硬质支气管镜和软式支气管镜均能有效治疗儿童支气管异物,两者各有优缺点,其有效性和安全性有待进一步探究,且应根据医院的具体情况选择手术方式。     

大肠埃希菌表达的含PTD穿膜序列的融合蛋白3种复性方法比较

目的:探索融合蛋白PTD-NFATminiDBD-eGFP纯化以及复性的条件,以提高其复性效率,为后续融合蛋白生物学功能的研究做准备。方法:表达、提取并纯化包涵体形式的融合蛋白PTD-NFATminiDBD-eGFP,分别用稀释复性、透析复性、柱上复性的方法,对融合蛋白进行复性,分析不同方法的特点及包涵体复性率,采用流式细胞术检测融合蛋白的穿膜活性。结果:3种复性方法得到的融合蛋白复性率依次为:柱上复性得率最高,其次是透析复性,稀释复性得率最低。柱上复性后蛋白的穿膜效率最高,相对较低的是稀释复性,而未复性的融合蛋白穿膜效率极低。结论:3种复性方法均能对PTD穿膜蛋白复性,但以柱上复性最佳。     

骨髓内皮细胞条件培养液促进小鼠胚胎干细胞生成造血集落形成细胞

目的:为观察骨髓内皮细胞务件培养液(mouse bone marrow stromal cell-conditional medium,mBMEC-CM)对鼠胚胎干细胞生成造血集落形成细胞的影响.方法:将鼠胚胎干细胞系D3细胞(embry-onic stem cell line-D3,ES-D3)形成4 d拟胚体(day-4 embryoid bodies,4dEBs),再用mBMEC-CM诱导4dEBs生成高增殖潜能集落形成细胞(high proliferation potential-colony formation cell,HPP-CFC)和红系爆式集落形成单位(burst forming unit-erythroid,BFU-E).以形成造血集落的数量为检测指标,观察mBMEC-CM诱导浓度、天数和诱导生成的细胞数与形成HPP-CFC和BFU-E数之间的关系.结果:形成的HPP-CFC和BFU-E集落数均与诱导生成的4dEBs细胞数呈正相关(HPP-CFC:r=0.916,P＜0.05;BFU-E:r=0.927,P＜0.05),且均随着种入的细胞数(在1×107～4×107/L范围内)增加而呈现相应的增加.当种入的细胞数增加到5×107/L时两种集落数均不再增加.mBMEC-CM诱导浓度(在0～20%范围内)与其诱导生成的HPP-CFC和BFU-E数呈剂量依赖性正相关(HPP-CFC:r=0.909,P＜0.05;BFU-E:r=0.927,P＜0.01).20%浓度mBMEC-CM诱导4dEBs来源的细胞于3,6和9 d形成的HPP-CFC和BFU-E数,以诱导3 d者最高,6 d次之,9 d最低.结论:骨髓内皮细胞条件培养液能促进鼠胚胎干细胞分化为HPP-CFC和BFU-E.     

鼻异物继发鼻结石6例误诊分析

目的提高基层耳鼻咽喉科医生诊断鼻异物继发鼻结石的能力。方法对本院误诊的6例鼻异物继发鼻结石患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果6例鼻异物继发鼻结石均为单侧性,外观呈白色或灰白色,其中鼻腔额外牙3例,鼻腔外生性异物存留2~11年3例。误诊为慢性鼻炎3次以上6例,慢性鼻窦炎4例,鼻前庭炎3例,鼻腔肿瘤2例,支气管炎1例。内镜下确诊4例,额镜下确诊2例。6例均在前鼻镜或内镜下1次取出。结论单侧鼻腔白色或灰白色新生物伴分泌物持续或恶臭味、鼻前庭糜烂应首先考虑鼻异物继发鼻结石。     

应用手持裂隙灯检查和治疗31例抗震救灾军人眼外伤

目的:总结赴四川抗震救灾医疗队应用手持裂隙灯检查和治疗救灾部队眼外伤患者的体会。方法:2008年5月14-7月14都江堰抗震救灾医疗队接诊救灾部队眼外伤患者31例,应用手持裂隙灯检查并给予诊断,其中角膜铁质异物17例,角膜上皮损伤9例,前房出血5例。在手持裂隙灯下行角膜异物取出17例。结果:17例角膜异物患者均一次性取出铁质异物及周围的铁锈环;9例角膜上皮损伤患者2 d后痊愈;5例前房出血患者3 d后视力恢复正常。结论:地震环境下应用手持裂隙灯可以正确诊断眼外伤患者,并能及时处置。建议将手持裂隙灯列入部队医院野战医疗所的常规配置。