Importance of mitochondrial haplotypes and maternal lineage in sprint performance among individuals of West African ancestry

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited solely along the matriline, giving insight into both ancestry and prehistory. Individuals of sub-Saharan ancestry are overrepresented in sprint athletics, suggesting a genetic advantage. The purpose of this study was to compare the mtDNA haplogroup data of elite groups of Jamaican and African-American sprinters against respective controls to assess any differences in maternal lineage. The first hypervariable region of mtDNA was haplogrouped in elite Jamaican athletes (N=107) and Jamaican controls (N=293), and elite African-American athletes (N=119) and African-American controls (N=1148). Exact tests of total population differentiation were performed on total haplogroup frequencies. The frequency of non-sub-Saharan haplogroups in Jamaican athletes and Jamaican controls was similar (1.87% and 1.71%, respectively) and lower than that of African-American athletes and African-American controls (21.01% and 8.19%, respectively). There was no significant difference in total haplogroup frequencies between Jamaican athletes and Jamaican controls (P=0.551 ± 0.005); however, there was a highly significant difference between African-American athletes and African-American controls (P<0.001). The finding of statistically similar mtDNA haplogroup distributions in Jamaican athletes and Jamaican controls suggests that elite Jamaican sprinters are derived from the same source population and there is neither population stratification nor isolation for sprint performance. The significant difference between African-American sprinters and African-American controls suggests that the maternal admixture may play a role in sprint performance.     

Urinary Incontinence in Elite Female Athletes and Dancers

The aim of this study was, to determine the frequency of urinary loss in elite women athletes and dancers. Elite athletes in eight different sports, including ballet, filled in an evaluated questionnaire about urinary incontinence while participating in their sport/dancing and during daily life activities. A total of 291 women with a mean age of 22.8 years completed the questionnaire, providing a response rate of 73.9%. Overall, 151 women (51.9%) had experienced urine loss, 125 (43%) while participating in their sport and 123 (42%) during daily life. The proportion of urinary leakage in the different sports was: gymnastics 56%, ballet 43%, aerobics 40%, badminton 31%, volleyball 30%, athletics 25%, handball 21% and basketball 17%. During sport 44% had experienced leakage a few times, 46.4% now and then, and 9.6% frequently. During daily life the figures were: 61.7% a few times, 37.4% now and then, and 0.8% frequently. Of those who leaked during sport, 95.2% experienced urine loss while training versus only 51.2% during competition (P<0.001). The activity most likely to provoke leakage was jumping. Sixty per cent (91/151) occasionally wore pads or panty shields because of urine loss. Urinary leakage is common among elite athletes and dancers, particularly during training, but also during daily life activities.     

Upper body heavy strength training does not affect performance in junior female cross‐country skiers

We investigated the effects of adding heavy strength training to a high volume of endurance training on performance and related physiological determinants in junior female cross‐country skiers. Sixteen well‐trained athletes (17 ± 1 years, 60 ± 6 kg, 169 ± 6 cm, VO_2max running: 60 ± 5 mL/kg/min) were assigned either to an intervention group (INT; n = 9) or a control group (CON; n = 7). INT completed two weekly sessions of upper body heavy strength training in a linear periodized fashion for 10 weeks. Both groups continued their normal aerobic endurance and muscular endurance training. One repetition maximum in seated pull‐down increased significantly more in INT than in CON, with a group difference of 15 ± 8% (P < 0.01). Performance, expressed as average power output on a double poling ergometer over 20 s and as 3 min with maximal effort in both rested (sprint‐test) and fatigued states (finishing‐test), showed similar changes in both groups. Submaximal O₂‐cost and VO_2peak in double poling showed similar changes or were unchanged in both groups. In conclusion, 10 weeks of heavy strength training increased upper body strength but had trivial effects on performance in a double poling ergometer in junior female cross‐country skiers.     

269例口腔患者对复诊预约需求的调查分析

目的调查口腔患者复诊预约需求,为深入开展优质护理服务提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷对269例口腔患者的复诊预约需求情况进行调查。结果 95.53%的患者有复诊预约需求,72.49%患者选择电话预约,18.96%患者选择短信预约;91.08%的患者复诊时可以等候的时间是30 min以内;不同职业的患者复诊预约依从性存在差异(P<0.05)。结论针对患者预约的不同需求,合理、科学的安排预约方式和时间,同时优化就医流程缩短患者等候时间,提高预约复诊成功率和患者满意度。     

集中式预约检查流程的干预研究

目的：探讨集中式预约检查流程的干预对预约质量的影响。方法改变预约流程中的操作人员培训方法、对操作环节及电子信息系统进行流程改造,将流程改造后的2013年1月预约检查患者8114例作为干预组,选取2012年1月预约检查的患者7466例作为对照组。比较两组检查日期、检查总人数、预约检查回执单信息、检查的特殊要求错误率。结果干预组检查日期、检查总人数、预约检查回执单信息、检查的特殊要求错误率明显低于对照组,准确率由98．18％提高至99．98％。两组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论对预约检查的流程干预可提高预约检查的准确率,提升服务质量。     

PGC-1α基因多态性位点与优秀耐力运动员运动能力的关联性及其机制研究

目的:探讨过氧化物酶体增殖受体γ辅激活因子1α(PGC-1α)基因多态性位点与优秀耐力运动员运动能力的关联性及其作用机制。方法:应用Case-Control实验设计,分析42个单核苷酸多态性位点在优秀耐力运动员组(235人)和对照组(504人)中的分布特征。采用双荧光素酶报告基因方法分析阳性关联多态性位点的生物学功能。结果:(1)8个单核苷酸多态性位点的基因型/等位基因在优秀运动员组与对照组中的分布频率有显著差异。(2)rs6821591的TT基因型、rs12650562的TT基因型、rs12374310的CC基因型、rs4452416的GG基因型和rs4697425的AA基因型在运动员组的频率显著高于对照组,相应的相对荧光素酶活性也显著高于对照组,但rs4452416的GG基因型频率较低。结论:PGC-1α基因的rs6821591、rs12650562、rs12374310和rs4697425四个多态性位点与优秀耐力运动员运动能力状态关联,并且上调其基因转录。     

基于排队论的医院放射科门诊设备配置

目的：运用排队论对军队医院门诊放射科设备配置进行量化分析,缓解患者排队等待时间长的矛盾。方法以某三级甲等军队医院为例,运用排队论M/M/C模型,计算放射科设备配置和患者就诊时间分布及其服务强度等运行指标。结果当前放射科CR和DR检查上午服务强度分别为1．14和1．09,下午仅为0．60和0．70,MRI检查的服务强度为1．25,存在设备配置和患者就诊时间安排不合理等问题,通过预约模式以及采取措施提高有效工作时间,可以使三个检查队列的服务强度均维持在0．82～0．92,患者排队时间控制在15．61～44．47 min。结论应用排队论的理论和方法分析放射科设备配置合理可行。     

Experiencing the body during pregnancy: A qualitative research study among Spanish sportswomen

ABSTRACT

The aim of the current qualitative phenomenological study was to describe the body experiences during pregnancy among Spanish elite sportswomen. Twenty Spanish sportswomen with the following criteria were included: (1) aged between 18 and 65 years; (2) had been pregnant during their professional sporting career; and (3) after the end of their pregnancy, had returned to their professional sports career for at least 1 year. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Data were collected from May 2010 to April 2012 using in-depth personal interviews, investigator’s field notes, and extracts from the participants’ personal letters. Identified themes included: (1) a new body; (2) body control; (3) to feel their bodies and communicate with them; and (4) body’s beauty ideal. Understanding the meaning of the body experience for elite Spanish sportswomen might provide us with deeper insight into their expectations and might help in the development of training systems focused on them.