论检验科与临床科室联系

为了更好地发挥检验科在医院诊疗工作中的重要作用、保障检验结果的高质量及完善科室建设的管理工作,针对检验科与临床科室沟通局限的实际情况,对检验科自身的管理要求、人才培养和资源合理利用等方面进行探讨。提出以注重和保证检验结果准确性为前提,合理寻求和调整工作模式,建立长期临床信息反馈系统,提高检验项目的临床使用价值等要求,进一步推动科学化的科室管理工作。     

Brief Report: Elite party cues increase vaccination intentions among Republicans

Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic requires motivating the vast majority of Americans to get vaccinated. However, vaccination rates have become politically polarized, and a substantial proportion of Republicans have remained vaccine hesitant for months. Here, we explore how endorsements by party elites affect Republicans’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions and attitudes. In a preregistered survey experiment (n = 1,480), we varied whether self-identified Republicans saw endorsements of the vaccine from prominent Republicans (including video of a speech by former President Donald Trump), from the Democratic Party (including video of a speech by President Joseph Biden), or a neutral control condition including no endorsements. Unvaccinated Republicans who were exposed to the Republican elite endorsement reported 7.0% higher vaccination intentions than those who viewed the Democratic elite endorsement and 5.7% higher than those in the neutral control condition. These effects were statistically mediated by participants’ reports of how much they thought Republican politicians would want them to get vaccinated. We also found evidence of backlash effects against Democratic elites: Republicans who viewed the Democratic elite endorsement reported they would be significantly less likely to encourage others to vaccinate and had more negative attitudes toward the vaccine, compared with those who viewed the Republican elite endorsement or the neutral control. These results demonstrate the relative advantage of cues from Republican elites—and the risks of messaging from Democrats currently in power—for promoting vaccination among the largest vaccine-hesitant subgroup in the United States.     

Self‐reported sleep quantity,quality and sleep hygiene in elite athletes

Sleep is essential for recovery and performance in elite athletes. While actigraphy‐based studies revealed suboptimal sleep in athletes, information on their subjective experience of sleep is scarce. Relatively unexplored is also the extent to which athletes’ sleep is adversely affected by environmental conditions and daytime behaviours, that is sleep hygiene. This study aimed to provide insight in sleep quantity, quality and its putative association with sleep hygiene. Participants were 98 elite (youth) athletes competing at the highest (inter‐)national level. Sleep quantity, quality and sleep hygiene were assessed once covering a 1‐month period by using established (sub)clinical questionnaires, and repeatedly during 7 consecutive days. Sleep quality was generally healthy, although 41% of all athletes could be classified as ‘poor sleeper’, and 12% were identified as having a sleep disorder. Daily self‐monitoring revealed sleep durations of 8:11 ± 0:45 h, but elevated wake after sleep onset of 13 ± 19 min. Sleep quality, feeling refreshed, and morning vigor were moderate at best. Regarding sleep hygiene, general measures revealed irregular sleep–wake patterns, psychological strain and activating pre‐sleep behaviours. At the daily level, blue‐light exposure and late‐evening consumption of heavy meals were frequently reported. General sleep hygiene revealed significant associations with sleep quality (0.45 < r > 0.50; P < 0.001). Results indicate that there is ample room for optimization, specifically in onset latency and in wake after sleep onset. Subtle improvements in sleep seem possible, and optimizing sleep hygiene, such as regular sleep–wake patterns and reducing psychological strain, may facilitate this sleep upgrading process.     

Eating Disorders and Their Putative Risk Factors Among Female German Professional Athletes

This study examines putative non‐sport‐specific and sport‐specific risk factors for eating disorders (ED) among groups of professional female athletes versus non‐athletes. In detail, societal pressure to be thin, its internalisation, body dissatisfaction, sports pressure and early specialisation were investigated. The cross‐sectional study included 46 aesthetic and 62 ball game sports athletes, and 108 age‐matched non‐athletes. Study methods comprised a clinical interview to detect ED and questionnaires. More athletes from aesthetic (17%) than from ball game sports (3%) and non‐athletes (2%) suffered from ED. Aesthetic sports athletes did not differ from non‐athletes in non‐sport‐specific factors but obtained higher levels than ball game sports athletes in sport‐specific variables (p < .01). All factors together accounted for 57.3% of variation in disordered eating, with sports pressure and body dissatisfaction as significant predictors. The results confirm ED risk for German aesthetic athletes and indicate the importance of sports pressure and body dissatisfaction in explaining athletes' vulnerability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.     

A conceptual framework of organizational stressors in sport performers

In the study reported here, 12 sport performers (six elite and six non-elite) were interviewed with regard to organizational-related issues they had experienced in preparation for competition. Grounded theory procedures facilitated the development of a conceptual framework of organizational stressors consisting of five general dimensions: factors intrinsic to the sport, roles in the sport organization, sport relationships and interpersonal demands, athletic career and performance development issues, and organizational structure and climate of the sport. The data indicate that the stressors were encountered proportionately more by elite performers (#EPOS=315) than non-elite performers (#NPOS=228) with some demands being in common and some unique to each group. The results are discussed in relation to previous research and regarding their implications for professional practice.     

医院检查业务流程优化的思考

目的“以患者为中心”优化现有检查业务流程,增加患者的增值服务,减少患者的排队次数和看病时间。方法分析了目前医院检查业务流程的现状和问题,针对存在的问题提出一系列优化思路。结果经过对现有检查业务流程的优化,减少了患者往返的无效移动和排队次数,缩短了患者在院等待时间,合理调配医院内部资源,提高了工作效率。结论优化检查业务流程是解决“看病难”问题的一条有效途径。     

301模式就医一卡通信息系统在预约诊疗中的应用

近年来,在新医改的助推下,为满足患者不断增长的就医需求,缓解日益凸显的看病难问题,预约诊疗在国内应运而生。预约诊疗在全国范围内的开展,有效地提高了患者就医可及性和便利性。目前国内预约诊疗大部分还停留在预约挂号阶段,尚未实现就医全流程预约管理。“301模式便民就医一卡通”信息系统,响应国家开展预约诊疗的号召,为开展多种形式的预约诊疗服务提供了可借鉴的成功案例。     

Advocacy in nursing: perceptions and attitudes of the nursing elite in the United Kingdom

Advocacy in nursing: perceptions and attitudes of the nursing elite in the United Kingdom ¶In recent years, patient advocacy has been claimed as an integral part of the nurse’s role in health care delivery in the United Kingdom (UK). Support from the nursing leadership/elite is seen as important in the promulgation and diffusion of any ‘new’ role in nursing. This paper explores the perceptions and attitudes of nurse leaders in the UK to the adoption of the patient advocate role as an ‘innovation’ in nursing. Using a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews with six of nursing’s ‘elite’ were conducted over a period of 5 months. Results revealed contradictions and paradoxes within the views of the elite. Although leaders recognized patient advocacy as a role integral to the moral value system in nursing enhanced by the nurse–patient relationship, they objected to the professionalization of the role, seeing an exclusive claim to patient advocacy as intensifying interprofessional conflicts in health care. It is argued that unless professionalized, the individual nurse will continue this potentially risky activity without adequate authority or support systems. The results overall question the role of the nursing leadership in the diffusion of innovations in nursing.     

Measuring the effect of husband's health on wife's labor supply

A sizable proportion of women remain married well into late life and an increasing proportion of them participate in the labor force. Since women tend to marry men older than themselves and men tend to experience serious illnesses at younger ages than women, women frequently witness declining health in their husbands. This is likely to affect a wife's labor-leisure trade-off in offsetting ways. Prior studies have not sought to disentangle the effect of a husband's poor health on his wife's reservation wage from the income effect of his ill health. We argue that, if we control for husband's earnings, the coefficient of husband's health in models of his wife's labor force participation (and hours of work) will reflect, in part, her preference over whether to decrease her labor supply to provide health care for her husband or whether to instead increase it to purchase this care in the market. However, husband's earnings are likely to be endogenous in these models due to unobserved characteristics common to husbands and wives. We find that the estimated effect of husband's health depends on whether we instrument for husband's earnings and on the health measure used. This is indicative of the importance of using a variety of health measures and controlling for husband's earnings, and their endogeneity, in future research on the effect of husband's health on wife's labor supply.