Extraction of Potential Difficult-to-Manage Psychiatric Cases among Criminal Offenders: 5-Year Data from the Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office

Abstract: In order to examine the characteristics of potential difficult-to-manage psychiatric cases, seven potential subgroups were extracted from the criminal offenders who were sent to the division of psychiatric diagnosis, Tokyo District Public Prosecutors Office for Pre-Prosecution Psychiatric Justice (PPPJ). The following criteria were used to select the potential subgroups: offenders who had experienced compulsory discharge from a mental hospital, those who had experienced Involuntary Admission to the mental hospital by the Prefectural Governor at least twice, those who had experienced admission to mental hospitals on more than 5 occasions, those who had been put on PPPJ previously for other criminal matters at least 3 times, those who had previously attempted suicide, and those who had committed homicide or arson. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that at least two types of "difficult-to-manage" psychiatric cases exist in the criminal offenders.     

Criminal Responsibility in Amphetamine Psychosis

Abstract: Historical changes in forensic psychiatric evaluation on criminal responsibility and proceedings in psychopathological findings of amphetamine psychosis are reviewed at first. The classification of amphetamine related mental disorders are proposed in 6 types. Among them, the clinical characteristics and psychopathological features of “Anxiety-situational reaction type” (Fukushima) are described. According to some reasonable grounds, offenders diagnosed as anxiety-situational reaction type should be evaluated as diminished responsibility in place of irresponsibility. Finally, two cases of murder committed under the influence of amphetamine, are reported in detail.     

从信息经济学的角度看病案信息经济价值

本文从信息经济学的角度出发，分析了病案信息的经济价值、市场需求及其开发利用，揭示了病案信息利用对相关市场参与者的利润、效用、福利增进的机制及在疾病控制中的重大作用，指明了加强病案信息开发的重要性和紧迫性，并提出建议。     

青年医师如何看待医疗纠纷

作者针对青年医师面对医疗纠纷的困惑,从各角度分析了医疗纠纷的成因,指出应以正向心态对待医疗纠纷。     

美国处理医疗损伤责任纠纷的法律程序

不论是一般的民事或刑事案件,还是医疗损伤责任案件,法律的具体实施程序实际上都是一个个独立的决策过程。本文介绍了美国医疗损伤责任纠纷的法庭外解决方式、医疗损伤责任纠纷的法庭诉讼程序和其他与医疗损伤责任纠纷相关的法律。     

试论医院药剂科的法律地位和作用

本文论述了医院药剂科的法律地位和作用,药政部门的执法盲点,提出法律措施是促使医药同步发展的可靠保障。     

关于卫生监督医疗纠纷类图书归类探析

指出第四版《中图法》中有关卫生监督、医疗事故、医疗纠纷等类目中存在的一些问题和不足,并提出具体改进措施和分类建议。     

大型医用设备成本效益分析在HIS上的实现

介绍了大型医疗设备成本效益分析应用系统挂接HIS(“军字一号”)上的设计、功能实现及应用。该应用系统部分实现了大型医用设备的现代经济管理。     

Requiring Consent vs. Waiving Consent for Medical Records Research: A Minnesota Law vs. the U.S. (HIPAA) Privacy Rule

The use of medical records in research can yield information that is difficult to obtain by other means. When such records are released to investigators in identifiable form, however, substantial privacy and confidentiality risks may be created. These risks become more common and more serious as medical records move to an electronic format. In 1996, the state of Minnesota enacted legislation with respect to consent requirements for the use of medical records in research. This legislation has been widely criticized because--it is claimed--it creates an unnecessary impediment to research. In this article, we show that these arguments rest upon misinterpretation and/or misrepresentation of the 1996 legislation. A consent requirement had actually been present in Minnesota since 1976 (though codified in a patient rights statute rather than a privacy statute). The 1996 law does not require specific consent, as often claimed, but rather only a general authorization. The campaign against the Minnesota legislation appears to have been motivated by concern with respect to the then impending federal privacy rule. The HIPAA rule, as enacted, is in fact less stringent with respect to consent than the Minnesota consent law. On the other hand, the Minnesota consent law has not been effectively applied or enforced. As we change the way we manage sensitive medical information, new efforts are needed to provide protection against the confidentiality risks in research. Patient consent is an important tool in this regard. New instrumentalities are needed to solicit and document consent.     

A simple model describes large individual differences in simultaneous colour contrast

We report experimental evidence for substantial individual differences in the susceptibility to simultaneous colour contrast. Interestingly, we found that not only the general amount of colour induction varies across observers, but also the general shape of the curves describing asymmetric matching data. A simple model based on von Kries adaptation and crispening describes the data rather well when we regard its free parameters as observer specific. We argue that the von Kries component reflects the action of a temporal adaptation mechanism, while the crispening component describes the action of the instantaneous, purely spatial mechanism most appropriately labeled simultaneous colour contrast. An interesting consequence of this view is that traditional ideas about the general characteristics of simultaneous contrast must be considered as misleading. According to Kirschmann’s 4th law, for instance, the simultaneous contrast effect should increase with increasing saturation of the surround, but crispening predicts the converse. Based on this reasoning, we offer a plausible explanation for the mixed evidence on the validity of Kirschmann’s 4th law. We also argue that simultaneous contrast, the crispening effect, Meyer’s effect and the gamut expansion effect are just different names for the same basic phenomenon.