PERORAL ENDOSCOPIC DUODENAL BIOPSY IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

ABSTRACT. Peroral endoscopic duodenal biopsy was used in the diagnosis and follow-up of forty-nine infants and children with suspected small intestine disease. Their ages ranged between one month and 12 years. Fifty-four upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures were performed and 139 biopsies were taken. The mean procedure time was 3.2 min with a range of 1.5–5.5 min. There were no complications. Tissue adequate for histopathologic examination was obtained in all but one of the fifty-four procedures. On the basis of this experience we think that peroral endoscopic duodenal biopsy is faster, safer and as diagnostic as conventional suction biopsy in infants and children. It is also more informative when other diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract are suspected.     

潘妥洛克治疗十二指肠溃疡疗效观察

目的:观察潘妥洛克治疗十二指肠溃疡疗效。方法:选择两组活动期十二指肠溃疡病人,一组为潘妥洛克(治疗组),另一组为奥美拉唑(对照组),每天清晨各服40m g、20m g,4周为一疗程,观察结果。结果:治疗组和对照组溃疡愈合率分别达93.2%、89.74%,上腹痛缓解率分别达95.0%、90.0%。结论:治疗组对溃疡病人愈合率及腹部缓解率均高于对照组。     

The effects of spirulina on allergic rhinitis

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is increasing globally due to various causes. It affects the quality life of a large group of people in all around the world. Allergic rhinitis still remains inadequately controlled with present medical means. The need of continuous medical therapy makes individuals anxious about the side effects of the drugs. So there is a need for an alternative strategy. Effects of spirulina, tinospora cordifolia and butterbur were investigated recently on allergic rhinitis in just very few investigations. Spirulina represents a blue-green alga that is produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement for modulating immune functions, as well as ameliorating a variety of diseases. This double blind, placebo controlled study, evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of spirulina for treating patients with allergic rhinitis. Spirulina consumption significantly improved the symptoms and physical findings compared with placebo (P < 0.001***) including nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal congestion and itching. Spirulina is clinically effective on allergic rhinitis when compared with placebo. Further studies should be performed in order to clarify the mechanism of this effect.     

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Lymph and Plasma After Duodenal Administration to Rats

Purpose. To evaluate the uptake and transport of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), which have been proposed as alternative drug carriers, into the lymph and blood after duodenal administration in rats. Methods. Single doses of two different concentrations of aqueous dispersions of unlabelled and labelled SLN (average diameter 80 nm) were administered intraduodenally to rats. At different times, samples of lymph were withdrawn by cannulating the thoracic duct and blood was sampled from the jugular vein. Monitoring continued for 45 and 180 minutes, for unlabelled and labelled SLN respectively. The biological samples were analysed by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and gamma-counting. Results. TEM analysis evidenced SLN in lymph and blood after duodenal administration to rats; the size of SLN in lymph did not change markedly compared to that before administration. The labelled SLN confirmed the presence of SLN in lymph and blood. Conclusions. The uptake and transport of SLN in the lymph, and to a lesser extent in the blood, were evidenced. The in vivo physical stability of SLN may have important implications in designing drug-carrying SLN.     

十二指肠球部溃疡患者高胃泌素血症与幽门螺杆菌相关性的研究

本文报告我院１９９０年４月～１９９２年１０月期间经胃镜确诊的２６４例十二指肠球部溃疡患者胃窦部幽门螺杆菌检测和血清胃泌素测定结果。结果显示ＨＰ检出率球溃组高达８０．３％（２１２／２６４），与对照组２９．６３％（１６／５４）有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００５）。ＨＰ阳性球溃组血清胃泌素水平１０３．０３±７２．４３（ｎｇ／Ｌ），较对照组６３．３３±３９．０４（ｎｇ／Ｌ）和ＨＰ阴性球溃组７４．３２±４９．７２（ｎｇ／Ｌ）明显增高（Ｐ均＜０．００５）。随访３８例治疗后ＨＰ阳性球溃患者，２６例溃疡愈合且ＨＰ转阴者血清胃泌素为７８．３２±４２５６（ｎｇ／Ｌ），较前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明球溃患者高胃泌素血症与ＨＰ感染有一定相关性。     

Roxatidine versus ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers: A randomized double-blind controlled multicentre study in Singapore

Roxatidine acetate, a new H₂ receptor antagonist, was compared with ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers in a double-blind multicentre study. Eighty-four patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomized to receive 150 mg roxatidine acetate or 300 mg ranitidine at bedtime. Repeat endoscopy was performed after 4 weeks (25–33 days) and if the ulcer had not healed, another endoscopy was performed after a further 4 weeks of treatment. Using per protocol analysis 73.6% of ulcers treated with roxatidine healed at 4 weeks compared to 72.2% of ulcers treated with ranitidine (P=NS). The healing rates at 8 weeks were 92% with roxatidine and 83.3% with ranitidine (P=NS). Using equivalence tests, the healing rate of roxatidine was found to be equivalent to that of ranitidine within a 20% region. Roxatidine users took significantly less antacids than ranitidine users (P < 0.05). There were no significant adverse effects due to roxatidine or ranitidine. Roxatidine is a safe effective drug in the treatment of duodenal ulcers with a healing rate comparable to that of ranitidine.     

Laparoscopic repair of perforated duodenal ulcers: the“three-stitch” Graham patch technique

Background “Three-stitch” laparoscopic Graham patch repair (LGPR) for perforated duodenal ulcer enjoyed the same advantage as open Graham patch repair. However, it was not a popular approach because it had problems of suture entanglement and difficult laparoscopic suturing and knotting. The authors describe their technique and results. Methods A prospective series from January 2000 to September 2004 was examined. In this study, 35 LGPRs were performed for 32 males and 3 females with a median age of 47 years (range, 18–76 years). Results No conversion occurred for any of the 35 LGPRs attempted. The median perforation size was 5 mm (3–10 mm), and the median operative time was 86 min (range, 55–163 min). The median time for ambulation was day 2, and the median time for discharge was day 4. Morbidity was 11%, involving one chest infection, one retention of urine, one pelvic collection, and one pyloric stenosis. There was no reoperation, leakage, or mortality. Conclusion The authors’ LGPR technique was safe and efficient, and might be the choice for laparoscopic repair of relatively large perforations.     

Comparative clinical efficacy, onset and duration of action of levocetirizine and desloratadine for symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis in subjects evaluated in the Environmental Exposure Unit (EEU)

The Environmental Exposure Unit, an indoor pollen challenge system to test anti-allergic medications, was used to compare the onset and duration of action and the efficacy of levocetirizine and desloratadine, two recently developed H1-antagonists. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, qualified subjects were randomised to once-daily levocetirizine 5 mg (n = 141), desloratadine 5 mg (n = 140) or placebo (n = 92) and exposed to ragweed pollen on two consecutive days (7 h and 6 h). Symptoms were self-rated every 30 min. On both days, levocetirizine produced a greater improvement in the major symptom complex score (primary efficacy variable) than desloratadine (p = 0.015); both were better than placebo (p < 0.001). Levocetirizine acted earlier (1 h vs. 3 h) and produced greater symptom relief at 24 h than desloratadine (p = 0.003). Levocetirizine also alleviated nasal obstruction better than desloratadine (p = 0.007) on day 1; and better than placebo (p = 0.014) after the second dose on day 2, which was not observed with desloratadine. Levocetirizine and desloratadine were safe and well tolerated.     

Nonoperative management and delayed hemorrhage after pediatric liver injury: new issues to consider

The authors report the case of a grade 4 liver laceration caused by blunt abdominal trauma. The liver injury was managed nonoperatively, both initially and after an episode of delayed hemorrhage. The patient suffered 2 additional as yet unreported complications of pediatric liver injury: a right pleural effusion causing respiratory embarrassment followed by duodenal obstruction; the latter was caused by hypertrophy of the left lobe of the liver. Although numerous reports suggest that delayed hemorrhage after pediatric liver injury should be managed operatively, the mortality of such intervention remains high, reaffirming the dictum that one must treat the patient and not the injury.