补肾益精方对外周血BMSCs在干性ARMD小鼠中视网膜分化及CNTF表达的影响

目的:观察补肾益精方对外周血移植骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)在视网膜分化及睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)表达的影响,探讨补肾益精方治疗干性年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)的作用机制。方法:将24只C57BL/6小鼠以碘酸钠(NaIO3)尾静脉注射的方法建立干性ARMD模型。造模后第1d,尾静脉注射3×106个绿色荧光蛋白标记的骨髓间充质干细胞(GFP-BMSCs),按随机数字表法分为蒸馏水组(12只,给予蒸馏水灌胃)及补肾益精方组(12只,给予补肾益精方灌胃)。另选12只健康C57BL/6小鼠常规饲养作为正常组。治疗14d时,采用免疫荧光染色观察GFP-BMSCs在视网膜的分化情况;免疫荧光染色及实时荧光定量PCR检测CNTF在视网膜中的表达情况。结果:免疫荧光染色显示补肾益精方组胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)及GFP双染细胞阳性率高于蒸馏水组(P<0.01);两组视网膜色素上皮细胞特异蛋白65(RPE65)及GFP双染细胞阳性率无差异(P>0.05);两组均未见视紫红质(Rhodopsin)与GFP双染阳性细胞。免疫荧光染色及实时荧光定量PCR显示补肾益精方组CNTF的表达高于蒸馏水组(P<0.05)。结论:补肾益精方能够促进外周血BMSCs在视网膜分化为胶质细胞,并促进CNTF的表达,这可能是补肾益精方治疗干性ARMD的作用机制之一。     

糖尿病与非视网膜眼部并发症相关性的研究进展

糖尿病是一种以持续高血糖为特征的慢性代谢性疾病,可引起全身大血管、微血管和神经系统的并发症。眼是受该病影响的主要器官之一。然而,糖尿病性眼病不仅包括糖尿病性视网膜病变,还包括非视网膜并发症。本文综述了与糖尿病相关的非视网膜眼部病变包括:角膜病变、干眼、青光眼、白内障、屈光不正、视神经病变、虹膜睫状体炎、星状玻璃体变性等,它们也可能导致视力丧失,在糖尿病患者中也应该引起重视。     

睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的诊疗进展

近年来随着电子产品终端使用频率的增加,干眼的发病率也逐年攀升,严重影响人们的工作与生活。干眼是最常见的眼表疾病,通常由多种因素引起,其中睑板腺功能障碍是引起干眼的主要因素之一。睑板腺分泌异常或导管阻塞均会引起蒸发过强型干眼的发生。本综述通过总结相关文献,对睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的病因、病理、诊断、相关治疗进行阐述。     

人工泪液对LASIK与LASEK术后干眼症状及泪膜稳定性的影响

目的：探究激光辅助原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)和激光上皮角膜磨镶术(LASEK)术后配合0.1%玻璃酸钠(HA)治疗对干眼症状及泪膜稳定性的影响。

方法：将2017-02/2017-12纳入的230例460眼近视患者分为LASIK组和LASEK组,然后将每个治疗组随机分为0.1% HA治疗亚组和无HA亚组,两个亚组均在角膜屈光手术后应用0.3%加替沙星和0.5%氯替泼诺。观察各组患者不同时间点干眼症状评分、角膜知觉反应、角膜荧光染色(FL)、基本泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)和泪膜破裂时间(BUT)的变化。

结果：LASIK和LASEK患者术后1wk, 1、3、6mo, 0.1% HA治疗组与无HA组的FL、干眼症状评分和角膜知觉反应均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。各组术后1wk BUT均较术前明显下降。术后其他观察时间点BUT及各时间点术后SⅠt水平虽低于术前水平,但仍在正常范围内。LASEK术后患者的干眼主观症状、泪膜稳定性和角膜表面知觉优于LASIK患者,尤其是在术后1wk, 1、3mo。

结论：两种屈光手术可引起不同程度的干眼症状,LASEK组干眼症状在术后早期较LASIK组轻。早期足量使用不含防腐剂的0.1% HA可有效促进角膜修复,对术后干眼症状有很大帮助。     

口服维生素D3治疗飞秒激光辅助LASIK术后干眼

目的：探讨口服维生素D3对飞秒激光辅助准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（FS-LASIK）后干眼的治疗效 果。方法：前瞻性临床研究。选择2019 年1 ─12 月在柳州市工人医院接受FS-LASIK且术后1 个月有 明显干眼的患者90例（90眼）。所有患者被随机分为2组：研究组45例（45眼）,连续12周服用维生素 D3 2 000 IU/d;对照组45例（45眼）,不口服任何药物。分别在用药前及用药后第1、3、6个月测定患 者的眼表疾病指数（OSDI）、泪液破裂时间（TBUT）、Schirmer Ⅰ试验、泪河高度,血清维生素D3水平 以及对比敏感度情况。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov、LSD-t检验和独立样本t检验进行统计分析。结果： 服药后1 个月,研究组OSDI评分均值明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=4.32,P=0.007）。研究 组的TBUT（t=3.02,P=0.027）和Schirmer Ⅰ试验值（t=2.78,P=0.030）均高于对照组。服药后3个月, 研究组OSDI（t=2.50,P=0.010）、TBUT（t=2.32,P=0.031）和Schirmer Ⅰ试验值（t=3.25,P=0.026）均优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义。服药后6个月,2组患者OSDI（t=2.31,P=0.025）、TBUT（t=2.30, P=0.039）和Schirmer Ⅰ试验值（t=3.03,P=0.028）差异均具有统计学意义,研究组恢复更好。研究组患者血清维生素D3 水平与OSDI评分呈负相关（r=-0.90,P<0.001）,与Schirmer Ⅰ试验值（r=0.88, P<0.001）、TBUT评分（r=0.89,P<0.001）和TMH（r=0.80,P<0.001）呈正相关。服药后6个月时,研究组患者的明视对比敏感度和暗视对比敏感度均优于对照组（3 cpd：t =2.40,P=0.04;6 cpd： t=2.16, P=0.04;12 cpd：t =2.23,P=0.04;18 cpd：t =2.37,P=0.04）。结论：维生素D3不仅改善了术后干眼症状及泪膜稳定性,而且可以改善FS-LASIK术后的视觉质量。     

Effects of dietary high dose DHA omega-3 supplement in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary supplement of high dose DHA omega-3 in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: Prospective randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in mild to moderate dry eye patients with MGD. Patients have no history of taking any dietary omega-3 supplements before 3mo. Patients were divided into two groups: 24 patients in the omega-3 group and 26 patients in the placebo group. The omega-3 group received two capsules of Easyeye Dry®, total containing 600 mg of EPA and 1640 mg of DHA, while the placebo group received two capsules containing 3000 mg of olive oil. All patients take two pills once a day. The examination of MGD scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining test (NEI), strip meniscometry (SM tube), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were performed at baseline, after 4 and 8wk. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, such as age, sex, and other ocular examination findings. The TBUT, NEI, and OSDI scores significantly improved after 4 and 8wk in both groups. While after 8wk TBUT (6.00±1.62s vs 5.08±1.28s, P=0.034) and MGD score (7.2±1.8 vs 8.1±2.6, P=0.033) in the omega-3 group was more significantly improved than that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Dry eye with the MGD patient, a high dose of DHA omega-3 dietary supplement can improve TBUT and MGD score after 8wk, effective in stabilizing the tear film.     

Alpha-lipoic acid: A possible pharmacological agent for treating dry eye disease and retinopathy in diabetes

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring dithiol micronutrient which acts as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme activity. Due to its potential antioxidant activity, it is considered as “universal antioxidant”. Previous studies reported the pharmacological benefits of ALA such as glycaemic control, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviation of diabetic complications such as neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Dry eye disease and retinopathy are prevalent in diabetic patients. Experimental studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of ALA in dry eye and diabetic retinopathy. ALA can prevent the dry eye by down regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the corneal epithelial cells and activating the antioxidant status of the ocular surface. Furthermore, its direct antioxidant effect can also prevent oxidative stress-induced corneal surface erosion and lachrymal gland damage. ALA prevents diabetic retinopathy through inhibition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and nuclear factor-kappa B activity and alleviation of oxidative stress. It can activate the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase in retinal ganglion cells. Clinical trials conducted in pre-retinopathic diabetic patients showed ALA with genistein and vitamins could protect the retinal cells and decline the inflammatory effect in diabetic patients. However, studies are scant to explore its beneficial effects in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, this review article discusses an update on the role of ALA in dry eye disease and diabetic retinopathy, two ocular diseases prevalent in diabetic patients.     

Dry powder inhalation: past,present and future

Introduction: Early dry powder inhalers (DPIs) were designed for low drug doses in asthma and COPD therapy. Nearly all concepts contained carrier-based formulations and lacked efficient dispersion principles. Therefore, particle engineering and powder processing are increasingly applied to achieve acceptable lung deposition with these poorly designed inhalers.

Areas covered: The consequences of the choices made for early DPI development with respect of efficacy, production costs and safety and the tremendous amount of energy put into understanding and controlling the dispersion performance of adhesive mixtures are discussed. Also newly developed particle manufacturing and powder formulation processes are presented as well as the challenges, objectives, and new tools available for future DPI design.

Expert opinion: Improved inhaler design is desired to make DPIs for future applications cost-effective and safe. With an increasing interest in high dose drug delivery, vaccination and systemic delivery via the lungs, innovative formulation technologies alone may not be sufficient. Safety is served by increasing patient adherence to the therapy, minimizing the use of unnecessary excipients and designing simple and self-intuitive inhalers, which give good feedback to the patient about the inhalation maneuver. For some applications, like vaccination and delivery of hygroscopic formulations, disposable inhalers may be preferred.     

含对乙酰氨基酚的感冒药及柴芩清宁胶囊对脂多糖和干酵母大鼠发热模型的解热作用研究

目的 研究含对乙酰氨基酚的西药对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及中成药柴芩清宁胶囊对脂多糖（LPS）及干酵母大鼠发热模型的解热作用。方法 制备大鼠100 μg/kg LPS及20%干酵母发热模型;乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片高、中、低剂量分别为205.67、102.83、51.42 mg/kg,以对乙酰氨基酚计;柴芩清宁胶囊高、中、低剂量分别为1110.60、555.30、277.65 mg/kg,以胶囊内容物质量表示,ig给药。观察大鼠体温变化,计算平均最大体温上升高度（△T）及体温反应指数（TRI）,绘制平均升温曲线。结果 对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及柴芩清宁胶囊各剂量组对LPS及干酵母大鼠发热模型均具有显著解热作用,且均存在一定剂量效应关系。结论 对乙酰氨基酚片、复方氨酚烷胺片、美扑伪麻片及柴芩清宁胶囊对LPS及干酵母大鼠发热模型均有一定解热作用,3种西药的解热作用起效快但是作用时间短,而柴芩清宁胶囊表现为起效慢但是作用时间长。