干眼模型的建立方法及评价

干眼是一类非常常见的眼表疾病，理想的干眼模型对于干眼的研究具有重要的价值。目前，已有多种建立干眼动物模型的方法，如通过药物作用、改变动物性激素分泌水平、去除泪腺或眼表的神经支配、诱导泪腺产生自身免疫反应、手术摘除泪腺及手术封闭睑板腺开口等均可制作出干眼模型。这些干眼模型归纳起来主要有泪液缺乏型干眼及蒸发过强型干眼两大类型。常用于制作干眼模型的动物主要有兔、狗及鼠等，此外，还有使用猫、恒河猴、貂及马等制作干眼模型的报道。对几种常见的干眼模型的制作方法及其优缺点作一简要的综述。     

0.8%黄精多糖滴眼液对干眼症的实验研究

目的观察0.8%黄精多糖滴眼液对实验性干眼症模型的治疗效果.方法将实验性干眼症日本大耳白兔随机分为空白对照组(模型组)、受试药物组(治疗组)和阳性药物对照组(对照组),分别用溶媒、0.8%黄精多糖滴眼液和泪然滴眼液治疗.观察Schirmer I试验和角膜结膜虎红染色点数,每周1次,共5周.结果各组模型动物Schirmer I试验滤纸湿长度和角结膜虎红染色点数分别在用药2周后和3周后差异有显著性,治疗组在用药2周后Schirmer I试验滤纸湿长明显增加,用药3周后虎红染色点数减少.结论 0.8%黄精多糖滴眼液对实验性干眼症有明显疗效.     

超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术对眼表的影响

目的：采用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪比较小梁切除术和超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术对眼表的影响。

方法：纳入原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者62例62眼,按手术方式分为两组：小梁切除术组32例32眼,超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术组(青白联合手术组)30例30眼。运用Keratograph 5M评估术前,术后3d,1、 3mo的非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间(NifBUT)、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间(NiaBUT)、泪河高度(TMH)和角膜荧光素染色评分(CFS)。

结果：术前两组患者眼表参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3d青白联合手术组的NiaBUT、NifBUT、CFS、TMH最差,分别为10.13±1.48、12.59±1.96s、0.80±0.22分与0.31±0.02mm,变化幅度明显高于小梁切除组(均 P<0.05),术后1mo两组的各项指标均有所恢复,但直到术后3mo仍未完全恢复到术前水平。

结论：眼表综合分析仪可以客观、精确地用于评估抗青光眼手术后泪膜功能的变化。在术后3mo短期内超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术比单纯小梁切除术对眼表的影响更为严重,提示在此期间应加强对眼表的护理。     

不同人工泪液缓解白内障超声乳化术后干眼症状的效果

目的：探究聚乙二醇滴眼液、聚丙烯酸眼胶及玻璃酸钠滴眼液缓解白内障超声乳化术后干眼症状的效果。

方法：选择2015-02/2018-01于我院行白内障超声乳化术联合人工晶状体植入的年龄相关性白内障患者纳入研究,根据使用人工泪液种类的不同将患者分为聚乙二醇组、聚丙烯酸组及玻璃酸钠组。观察并分析三组患者术后7、14、30d时临床症状评分、Schirmer I试验、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色情况。

结果：术后14、30d时玻璃酸钠组干眼症状评分、Schirmer Ⅰ情况及BUT显著优于聚乙二醇组及聚丙烯酸组(P<0.05); 术后30d时玻璃酸钠组患者染色评分及泪膜成像评分显著低于其他两组(P<0.05); 聚乙二醇组及聚丙烯酸组各指标组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论：聚乙二醇滴眼液、聚丙烯酸眼胶及玻璃酸钠滴眼液均可缓解白内障术后干眼临床症状,改善泪膜状态,具有较好的临床疗效,其中玻璃酸钠滴眼液可能更具优势。     

正交试验法优选痛经颗粒水提工艺

目的:优化痛经颗粒中芍药苷的最佳提取工艺.方法:以白芍中芍药苷的提取率和浸膏得率为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验法优选痛经颗粒中芍药苷的最佳提取工艺.结果:优选的最佳提取工艺为:第1次加10倍量的水,煎煮1.5 h,第2次加8倍量的水,煎煮1.5 h,第3次加6倍量的水,煎煮0.5 h.结论:该水提工艺设计合理,芍药苷...     

重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液联合羟糖甘滴眼液治疗干眼症的成本效果分析

目的 对重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液联合羟糖甘滴眼液治疗干眼症进行卫生经济学评价,探讨其成本效果.方法 遵循临床流行病学与卫生经济学的原理和方法,将126例干眼症患者随机分为2组：治疗组接受重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液联合羟糖甘滴眼液治疗,对照组单独使用羟糖甘滴眼液治疗,记录临床疗效和费用,计算并比较2组的成本效果.结果 治疗组与对照组的成本效果比（C/E）分别为130.1和165.0,在达到相同的愈显率时,治疗组比对照组节省34.9元,所需药品费用仅为对照组的78.8%;以对照组为基准,增量成本效果比（C/E）为58.5,治疗组每增加1%的愈显率仅比对照组多用0.585元;敏感性分析显示2组的成本效果相对于药品价格波动稳定.结论 重组牛碱性成纤维细胞生长因子滴眼液联合羟糖甘滴眼液治疗干眼症在临床疗效、治疗成本等方面均令人满意,值得在临床上推广应用.     

“濡润神珠针刺法治疗干眼”的临床疗效及其安全性评估

目的观察“濡润神珠针刺法治疗干眼”的临床疗效及安全性。方法60例干眼患者随机分为针刺组（30例）和药物对照组（30例）,分别予以“濡润神珠针刺法”和玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗,疗程为1个月．在治疗前、治疗2周后、治疗1个月时比较2组患者临床症状积分和眼部安全性指标的变化。并进行症状疗效对比。结果针刺组和药物组在治疗2周后与治疗前组内坞较,临床症状积分均减少（P〈O．01）,治疗1个月后临床症状改善优于治疗2周后（P〈0．01）,针刺组好于同期药物对照组（P〈0．01）。针刺组和药物对照组在治疗1个月后眼部耐受性均明显改善,针刺组疗效优于药物组（P〈0．01）。针刺组患者无一例发生裸眼视力下降及出现不良反应。2组的症状疗效比较无明显差别（P〉0．05）。结论“濡润神珠针刺法”对干眼患者治疗有效．能显著改善干眼患者的临床症状,增加患者眼部的耐受性,且无任何不良反应。     

吸入沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松干粉治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病疗效观察

目的观察吸入沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松干粉治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的临床效果。方法 66例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各33例。对照组给予口服一般平喘药,治疗组给予吸入沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松干粉治疗。观察2组肺功能和血气分析变化。结果 2组治疗后动脉血氧分压（PaO2）均升高,动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）均降低,第1秒用力呼气肺活量（FEV1）、FEV1占预计值百分比（FEV1%）及FEV1/用力呼气肺活量（FVC）均较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组上述指标改善情况优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对COPD稳定期患者给予吸入沙美特罗/丙酸氟替卡松干粉剂治疗,可减轻COPD症状,改善肺功能,提高患者生命质量。     

Characterising the ocular surface and tear film in a population-based birth cohort of 45-year old New Zealand men and women

PurposeTo assess the prevalence of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, meibomian gland dysfunction, and asymptomatic ocular surface disease in a population-based cohort of 45-year-old New Zealand men and women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study of 885 participants (442 females, 443 males) was based on a population-representative birth cohort of individuals born between April 1 1972 and March 31 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand (the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Developmental Study). Participants were assessed at 45 years of age, and dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session. The diagnosis of dry eye disease was made according to the validated rapid non-invasive dry eye assessment algorithm.ResultsClinical dry eye signs were present in 402 (45%) participants, of which 78 (9%) participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease, and 322 (37%) had asymptomatic ocular surface disease. Among participants with dry eye disease, 22 (2%) exhibited aqueous tear deficiency, and 65 (7%) had meibomian gland dysfunction. Females were more likely to be affected by dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, and asymptomatic ocular surface disease (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsClinical dry eye signs were present in almost half of this population-based cohort of 45-year-old New Zealanders, although only 9% of participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for dry eye disease. The high prevalence of asymptomatic ocular surface disease presents an opportunity for preventative public health intervention.     

Prevalence of signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease in individuals treated and not treated with glaucoma medication

Background: To determine the prevalence of signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease in two hospital‐based cohorts; glaucoma patients and non‐glaucoma patients. Design: A cross‐sectional, comparative case series. Participants: Glaucoma patients (n = 300) prescribed topical glaucoma medications for ≥6 months were compared with control patients (n = 100) who were not applying prescribed topical medications. Methods: A validated self‐report questionnaire was used to elicit the extent of ocular symptoms. Signs of ocular surface and eyelid disease were assessed along with medication history. Main Outcome Measures: Signs and symptoms of ocular surface pathology were determined including the tear film break‐up time, fluorescein staining of the cornea and conjunctiva, meibomian gland dysfunction and Schirmer's test. Results: A significant increase in the prevalence of ocular surface disease signs was observed in the glaucoma population, 70.3%, compared with controls, 33% (P < 0.001). The overall prevalence of clinically significant ocular surface disease symptoms was not significantly different between cohorts, 30.7% versus 24.0%, respectively (P = 0.252). Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of anti‐glaucoma medications and duration of therapy were key predictors of significant ocular surface disease signs in the glaucoma group. There was no significant correlation between signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease in either group after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusions: Signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease are relatively common in older patients, but signs of ocular surface disease are significantly higher in individuals who instil topical glaucoma therapy.