X-ray radiation and developmental inhibition of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Purpose: Different doses of X-ray radiation were tested to assess the developmental inhibition effects on different stages of Drosophila suzukii, spotted wing drosophila (SWD). Efficacy of a potential quarantine treatment dose was evaluated for its practicality by a small scale-up validation test at a commercial facility.

Materials and methods: X-ray treatments at different doses of 50, 100, 200, and 300?Gy were carried out with eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of SWD. The trial at the commercial facility was performed with pupae at 150?Gy.

Results: X-ray radiation inhibited development of all stages of SWD, and the estimated dose to cause 99% mortality or to prevent emergence (ED₉₉) are reported here. Irradiation to eggs inhibited hatching, pupariation and adult emergence at 1962, 649 and 31?Gy, respectively. The inhibition of irradiated larvae to adult emergence was 66?Gy. Irradiation to pupae could not inhibit adult emergence completely even at 300?Gy. However, irradiation at 100?Gy and above induced complete adult sterility. Irradiation to pupae inhibited hatching of F₁ eggs at 73?Gy, while for adults, total inhibition of F₁ egg hatching was observed at 822?Gy. In the trial at the commercial facility, radiation at 150?Gy to pupae induced complete adult sterility in all combinations of cross-mating between treated or untreated males and females.

Conclusion: This study suggests that X-ray radiation can be recommended as an alternative to methyl bromide as phytosanitary treatment for quarantine purpose.     

天雄补肾口服液对果蝇性活力及寿命的药理学实验研究

目的 探讨天雄补肾口服液对果蝇性活力及寿命的影响。方法 以人参、肉苁蓉、白术、淫羊藿等组成中药复方的水提液加入培养基配制后,使培养基含药分别为0.5%天雄Ⅰ、0.5%男宝和1％天雄Ⅱ,分别饲喂果蝇。结果 两个剂量组的天雄补肾口服液均能不同程度地显缩短果蝇交配潜伏期（P＜0.05);对5周果蝇（黑腹果蝇）的交配潜伏期的缩短有极显意义（P＜0.01);增加交配前雄蝇振翅次数和延长交配时间（P＜0.05);延长果蝇平均寿命和最高寿命（P＜0.05)。结论 天雄补肾口服液具有益肾壮阳和延寿作用。     

miR-544在心肌梗死大鼠心肌纤维化的作用机制研究

目的 探讨微小RNA 544(miR-544)在心肌梗死大鼠心肌纤维化的作用机制.方法 将大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组、转染组-1和转染组-2.假手术组、模型组心脏注射磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS),转染组-1和转染组-2分别心脏注射9型重组腺相关病毒(rAAV9)-miR-...     

重组人血管内皮抑制素联合TACE对兔VX-2肝癌模型微血管密度及Notch通路的影响

目的:探讨重组人血管内皮抑制素（rhES）联合经导管动脉内化疗栓塞术（TACE）对果蝇双翅边缘缺刻同源基因（Notch）通路的调控作用,及对兔VX-2肝癌模型微血管密度（MVD）的影响。方法:取新西兰大白兔60只,随机取50只用肿瘤种植法建立兔VX-2肝癌模型,分为模型组、TACE组、TACE+rhES组（TACE术+rhES溶液0.75 mg/kg）、Notch激活剂jagged1组（TACE术+jagged1溶液13 ng/kg）、TACE+rhES+jagged1组（TACE术+rhES溶液0.75 mg/kg+jagged1溶液13 ng/kg）,每组10只,未造模的10只兔作为正常对照组。治疗2周后,行CT成像,获取兔肿瘤周边血流量（BF）、血容量（BV）、毛细血管表面渗透面积（PS）值;称取兔体重并处死取肝脏,计算肝脏指数、肿瘤体积;免疫组化法检测肝脏MVD;蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测癌灶周边非坏死肝脏组织Notch、Notch配体（jagged1）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、活化蛋白1（AP-1）蛋白相对表达水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,模型组兔出现饮食、活动减少及精神萎靡现象,肿瘤结节为暗红色且出现坏死、液化及囊性改变等病理损伤,肝脏指数、肿瘤体积、肝组织MVD、Notch、jagged1、VEGF、AP-1蛋白表达升高（P＜0.05）,体质量、BF、BV及PS水平下降（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,TACE组肿瘤结节为乳白色,肿瘤体积显著下降（P＜0.05）,其余指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;jagged1组兔精神萎靡及肿瘤组织坏死程度加重,肝脏指数、肿瘤体积、MVD、Notch、jagged1、VEGF、AP-1蛋白表达升高（P＜0.05）,体质量、BF、BV及PS水平下降（P＜0.05）;TACE+rhES组兔饮食、精神等好转,肿瘤组织坏死程度减轻,肝脏指数、肿瘤体积、Notch、jagged1、VEGF、AP-1蛋白表达降低（P＜0.05）,体质量、BF、BV及PS水平升高（P＜0.05）。与TACE+rhES组相比,TACE+rhES+jagged1组上述指标变化趋势相反且有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论:TACE+rhES联合治疗可通过抑制Notch/jagged1信号通路激活,抵抗肝癌模型兔肿瘤血管生成。     

西尼罗病毒前膜蛋白在果蝇细胞S2中的表达与鉴定

目的克隆西尼罗病毒(WNV)前膜蛋白(prM)基因,将其在果蝇细胞(S2)中表达,为制备研制诊断试剂所需的单克隆抗体奠定基础。方法以质粒WNV-CME为模板,PCR扩增获得prM基因,与T载体连接,测序正确后酶切,酶切产物与果蝇表达载体pMT/Bip/V5-HisC重组,重组质粒与pCoBlas共转染果蝇S2细胞,25μg/ml Blasticidin筛选获得抗性细胞,500μmol/L CuSO4溶液诱导表达,72h后收集细胞与细胞上清进行Western blot鉴定。结果酶切与测序结果表明成功构建重组表达载体WNV-prM-pMT,Western blot显示目的蛋白在果蝇细胞S2内稳定表达。结论在果蝇S2细胞内成功地稳定表达WNV prM蛋白,为下一步WNV单克隆抗体的制备奠定了实验基础。     

直链烷基苯磺酸钠对果蝇生殖能力的影响及大豆异黄酮的干扰作用

目的:探讨直链烷基苯磺酸钠(linear alkylbenzenesulfonate,LAS)对果蝇生殖功能的影响,以及大豆异黄酮对这种影响的干扰作用。方法:测定培养基中LAS低剂量(150mg/kg)、中剂量(300mg/kg)和高剂量(600mg/kg)时果蝇繁殖能力;采用析因设计方差分析检测大豆异黄酮对LAS的干扰作用及两者的交互作用。结果:低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组果蝇的子代数量与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),分别为对照组的85.07%、84.59%和71.88%;大豆异黄酮的主效应具有统计学意义(P=0.01),即大豆异黄酮对LAS导致的损伤有保护作用,但LAS的主效应不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),且大豆异黄酮与LAS之间无交互作用(P>0.05)。结论:LAS可引发果蝇生殖能力降低,而大豆异黄酮对这种影响有干扰作用。     

Genetically engineered animal models of Parkinson's disease: From worm to rodent

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by aberrant accumulation of insoluble proteins, including alpha‐synuclein, and a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The extended neurodegeneration leads to a drop of striatal dopamine levels responsible for disabling motor and non‐motor impairments. Although the causes of the disease remain unclear, it is well accepted among the scientific community that the disorder may also have a genetic component. For that reason, the number of genetically engineered animal models has greatly increased over the past two decades, ranging from invertebrates to more complex organisms such as mice and rats. This trend is growing as new genetic variants associated with the disease are discovered. The EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) has promoted the creation of an online database aiming at summarising the different features of experimental models of Parkinson's disease. This review discusses available genetic models of PD and the extent to which they adequately mirror the human pathology and reflects on future development and uses of genetically engineered experimental models for the study of PD.     

Three-dimensional structure of axonal mitochondria reflects the age of drosophila

This study aimed to reconstruct a three-dimensional map of axonal mitochondria using Fiji and Neurolucida software, and to observe directly the morphology and distribution of mitochondria in axons of motor neurons in dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of drosophila aged 5 days and 20 days, using electron microscopy. Results indicated that there was no difference in the total area and volume of mitochondria between 5-day-old drosophila and 20-day-old drosophila in all sections, but the ratio of mitochondrial total areas to axon total areas, as well as mitochondrial density of 20-day-old drosophila, was lower than that of 5-day-old drosophila. The number of mitochondria, whose volume was less than 1 000 000 μm³, and between 1 000 000 μm³ and 10 000 000 μm³, was higher in 20-day-old drosophila than that in 5-day-old drosophila. The number of mitochondria with a volume between 1 000 000 μm³ and 100 000 000 μm³ was apparently higher than those with a volume less than 1 000 000 μm³ or larger than 100 000 000 μm³. In addition, the number of mitochondria with a volume more than 100 000 000 μm³ was small; however, the volume was nearly 70% of the total volume in both 5-day-old and 20-day-old drosophila. In contrast, the number of mitochondria with a volume between 1 000 000 μm³ and 10 000 000 μm³ was large, but the volume was less than 30% of the total volume. These experimental findings suggest that changes in mitochondrial morphology and number in motor neurons from the dorsal longitudinal muscle of drosophila are present during different ages.     

不同运动方案对果蝇运动能力、生命周期及心脏功能的影响

目的:研究不同运动方案对果蝇运动能力、生命周期及心脏功能的影响,探讨抗心脏衰老果蝇运动模型的建立。方法:12 h内羽化雄性野生型w1118品系果蝇3600只,随机分为6组:空白对照组、1.5 h运动组、2 h运动组、2.5 h运动组、3 h运动组、3.5 h运动组,每组600只。于8天龄进行3周平台运动,采用攀爬指数评定果蝇运动能力;统计果蝇平均寿命、半数死亡时间、最长寿命和平均延寿率;应用果蝇心力衰竭模型,检测31天龄、38天龄果蝇心脏衰竭率。结果:果蝇攀爬指数随着年龄增加而下降,运动第3周,2.5 h运动组果蝇攀爬指数明显大于其他各组。与空白对照组相比,2.5 h运动组平均寿命显著增加(P<0.01),1.5 h运动组、2 h运动组、3 h运动组和3.5 h运动组无变化;1.5 h运动组、2 h运动组、2.5 h运动组、3 h运动组、3.5 h运动组平均延寿率分别为1.36%、2.87%、5.86%、2.80%、-0.85%;与空白对照组相比,1.5 h运动组、2 h运动组、2.5 h运动组和3h运动组果蝇存活曲线上移、右移,3.5 h运动组存活曲线下移、左移。31天龄空白对照组、1.5 h运动组、2 h运动组、2.5 h运动组、3 h运动组、3.5 h运动组果蝇心脏衰竭率分别为56%、58%、52%、46%、57%和69%,38天龄空白对照组、1.5 h运动组、2 h运动组、2.5 h运动组、3 h运动组和3.5 h运动组果蝇心脏衰竭率分别为71%、68%、65%、62%、74%和80%。结论:8天龄开始,持续3周每天1.5 h至3 h的运动可增强果蝇运动能力,延缓因增龄而发生的运动能力下降、心脏功能衰退,改善生命周期,以每天2.5 h持续3周的运动效果最好,可以此方案建立抗心脏衰老果蝇运动模型。     

酸枣仁皂苷A对机械刺激剥夺果蝇睡眠节律变化的干预

目的 探讨酸枣仁皂苷A对机械刺激剥夺果蝇睡眠节律的干预作用.方法 实验选取2日龄果蝇作为研究对象,随机分为空白组、模型组和给药组3组,以睡眠时间和睡眠-觉醒节律为考察指标,利用果蝇活动监测仪连续监测48 h,考察酸枣仁皂苷A对果蝇的干预.结果 酸枣仁皂苷A能延长2、3日龄果蝇的夜晚睡眠时间(P＜0.01),缩短3日龄果蝇的白天睡眠时间(P＜0.01),改善在机械刺激剥夺下果蝇的睡眠-觉醒节律.结论 酸枣仁皂苷A对机械刺激剥夺果蝇睡眠节律变化具有干预作用.