Dried Wild-Grown Mushrooms Can Be Considered a Source of Selected Minerals

Dried mushrooms might be a source of mineral components, which are indispensable for human health. The aim of this study was to determine the contents of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) in dried wild-grown mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius) available for sale, and to evaluate these mushrooms’ contribution to the daily reference intake of the studied bioelements. The concentrations of mineral components in the mushroom samples were determined by the flame method (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) and the electrothermal (Se) atomic absorption spectrometry method. The mean Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn (in mg/kg), and Se concentrations (in µg/kg) in B. edulis were 82.1, 964.1, 233.4, 97.9, 25.3, 22.1, and 6501.6, respectively, whereas in X. badius: 67.5, 1060.2, 87.8, 197.2, 33.9, 19.8, and 282.4, respectively. We have shown that dried B. edulis can be considered a source of Se. In the case of the other microelements, the tested mushrooms may serve only as additional supplements. Therefore, the studied species of mushrooms cannot be regarded as potential nutritional sources of the macroelements in question. Consumers should be properly informed about this, which should be guaranteed by appropriate legal regulations.     

Potentially Life-threatening Arrhythmia Triggered by an Excessive Consumption of Dried Sweet Potato “Hoshi-Imo”

We herein report two cases of potentially life-threatening arrhythmia due to hyperkalemia triggered by the excessive consumption of “Hoshi-Imo” (dried sweet potato). Both patients with chronic renal disease on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors presented at the emergency room with non-specific symptoms. Electrocardiograms revealed potentially life-threatening arrhythmia due to hyperkalemia in both cases: sinus arrest with a ventricular escape rhythm, tall and peaked T waves; and a widened QRS complex in a nearly sine-wave configuration without discernible P wave. Both patients fully recovered after intensive care for hyperkalemia. Physicians should recognize the excessive consumption of “Hoshi-Imo” may lead to the development of life-threatening arrhythmia, especially in patients with risk factors for hyperkalemia.     

微波技术干燥胃舒散的正交试验研究

目的:筛选微波技术干燥胃舒散的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用正交试验法,以干燥时间、微波功率、药粉粒度等因素为指标,考察胃舒散中水分的含量。结果:药粉粒度为24目筛的胃舒散以微波低火档(800W×58%)间断干燥6min(1.5min×4)为最佳干燥条件。结论:优选工艺干燥效果好、时间短。     

Power of Orbitrap‐based LC‐high resolution‐MS/MS for comprehensive drug testing in urine with or without conjugate cleavage or using dried urine spots after on‐spot cleavage in comparison to established LC–MSn or GC–MS procedures

Reliable, sensitive, and comprehensive urine screening procedures by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) with low or high resolution (HR) are of high importance for drug testing, adherence monitoring, or detection of toxic compounds. Besides conventional urine sampling, dried urine spots are of increasing interest. In the present study, the power of LC–HR–MS/MS was investigated for comprehensive drug testing in urine with or without conjugate cleavage or using dried urine spots after on‐spot cleavage in comparison to established LC–MSⁿ or GC–MS procedures. Authentic human urine samples (n = 103) were split in 4 parts. One aliquot was prepared by precipitation (UP), one by UP with conjugate cleavage (UglucP), one spot on filter paper cards and prepared by on‐spot cleavage followed by liquid extraction (DUSglucE), and one worked‐up by acid hydrolysis, liquid–liquid extraction, and acetylation for GC–MS analysis. The 3 series of LC–HR–MS/MS results were compared among themselves, to corresponding published LC–MSⁿ data, and to screening results obtained by conventional GC–MS. The reference libraries used for the 3 techniques contained over 4500 spectra of parent compounds and their metabolites. The number of all detected hits (770 drug intakes) was set to 100%. The LC–HR–MS/MS approach detected 80% of the hits after UP, 89% after UglucP, and 77% after DUSglucE, which meant over one‐third more hits in comparison to the corresponding published LC–MSⁿ results with ≤49% detected hits. The GC–MS approach identified 56% of all detected hits. In conclusion, LC–HR–MS/MS provided the best screening results after conjugate cleavage and precipitation.     

银杏叶制剂药理作用和临床应用研究进展

对近年来国内外银杏叶制剂的药理作用及临床应用研究现状进行综述。银杏叶制剂含有多种化学成分 ,具有扩血管、抗氧化、改善学习记忆等多方面的药理作用 ,临床应用于治疗冠心病心绞痛、脑梗死、痴呆症、糖尿病肾病等病。     

柴胡药材干根DNA提取及RAPD分析

目的 探索一种适用于柴胡药材干根DNA提取的方法,为实现以分子标记方法辨别柴胡药材奠定基础.方法 比较研究了分别用CTAB法、SDS法和高盐低pH法等3种方法提取柴胡样品基因组DNA.柴胡药材干根经过PVP以及TNE缓冲液进行不同的预处理,以CTAB法抽提DNA.以EcoR I/Mse I双酶切琼脂糖凝胶电泳及RAPD扩增检测提取DNA的质量.采用NTSYS-pc软件计算Jaccard遗传相似系数,以非加权配对算术平均数法(UPGMA)建立聚类图.结果 常规DNA提取方法提取药材干根DNA溶液经4℃放置后,黏稠并褐变,严重影响酶切和RAPD扩增.样品预处理优化条件是研磨时加入3%PVP,TNE缓冲液于0℃浸提2次,每次30min.以该优化的预处理方法处理6个柴胡药材干根样品,提取DNA条带清晰,酶切完全,RAPD扩增图谱清晰稳定,共获得有效扩增条带28条,其中多态性条带为20条,占71.43%.聚类分析表明,6个栽培品中,原产地为山西灵丘外地引种(LQWY)和甘肃陇西(LX)、山西灵丘(LQ)和山西方山(FSH)的亲缘关系较近,陕西商洛(SHL)和其他5个栽培品的亲缘关系较远.结论 柴胡药材干根经过预处理后,可采用常规的DNA提取方法抽提DNA,所提DNA适合于酶切、RAPD等分子标记分析.     

甘草干姜汤的抗胃癌作用及其机制研究

目的: 采用血清药理学方法探究甘草干姜汤(LDGD)的体外抗胃癌作用,并基于网络药理学和分子对接法探讨其抗胃癌机制。方法: 以不同配比的甘草干姜汤灌胃大鼠后以腹主动脉取血方式提取含药血清,利用四甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)法观察甘草、干姜不同配比LDGD大鼠含药血清对人胃腺癌细胞AGS以及人脐静脉血管内皮细胞HUVEC活力的影响;基于网络药理学构建LDGD抗胃癌的“成分-靶点”网络,通过构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络(PPI)筛选出关键靶点,通过GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析探究LDGD抗胃癌可能涉及的生物学功能和信号通路;通过分子对接分析LDGD中文献报道的8种主要成分甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素、甘草酸、6-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、8-姜酚和抗胃癌关键靶点的结合情况。结果: 血清药理学实验中不同配比LDGD灌胃大鼠后提取的30%含药血清对人胃腺癌细胞AGS的细胞活力均产生了显著的抑制作用,而对HUVEC无明显抑制作用;通过网络药理学分析得到LDGD有效化学成分101个,抗胃癌关键靶点为VEGFA、TNF-α、CASP3、MYC;富集分析结果表明,LDGD抗胃癌可能主要通过对凋亡信号、氧化应激、活性氧反应等途径的调节,以及对TNF、p53等信号通路发挥作用;分子对接结果表明,甘草酸、甘草苷与VEGFA对接良好,6-姜酚与TNF-α对接良好,且这3种成分在LDGD中含量相对较高。结论: 甘草干姜汤具有一定抗胃癌活性,其机制可能是通过调节氧化应激,作用于TNF、p53等信号通路,其中甘草酸、甘草苷、6-姜酚可能为关键药效成分。     

防风种子中内源抑制物质活性的研究

目的 通过防风种子提取物对白菜、小麦、防风抑制活性的研究，探讨防风种子发芽率低，播种后出苗缓慢的原因。方法 制备防风种子粗提物并测定其对白菜、小麦、防风种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制活性；制备粗提物的乙醚萃取液和乙醚萃取残余液并分别进行纸色谱分离，测定各区段的活性；用不同溶剂和温水(41℃、45℃)浸种，测定各批次浸泡液的抑制活性。结果 防风种子中存在活性较强的内源抑制物质，且其乙醚萃取液在Rf0．6区段对白菜种子萌发抑制活性最强；防风种子粗提物对防风种子萌发和幼根生长也有较强的抑制活性；防风种子粗提物对小麦幼苗的地上部分生长有较强抑制作用；温水浸种可除去大部分内源抑制物质。结论 防风种子内源抑制物质是导致防风种子发芽率低、播种后出苗缓慢的主要原因。     

影响新生儿干血片G6PD筛查试验结果的相关因素分析

目的分析新生儿干血片红细胞葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)筛查试验过程中可能产生影响的各类因素,为提高临床质控水平、有效减少检测过程中的外在影响因素提供参考。方法以该院2013年6月至2014年5月862例新生儿为研究对象,分别进行受试新生儿基本资料、标本留置时间、温度、打孔部位、血片去除、加酮试剂后仪器测定时间的分组研究,探讨G6PD测定结果的影响因素。结果季节性上,春夏季新生儿G6PD水平明显低于秋冬季;分娩方式上,阴道产G6PD水平明显低于剖宫产;标本留置时间上,留置时间越长,G6PD水平越低;温度方面,2~8℃冷藏G6PD水平明显高于室温;血片去除方面,去除血片的G6PD水平明显高于不去除血片;加酮试剂后仪器测定时间方面,随着测定时间的延长,G6PD水平逐渐下降。干血片G6PD检测结果在季节、分娩方式、标本留置时间、温度、血片去除和加酮试剂后仪器测定时间方面检测数据比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。性别和打孔部位对G6PD水平变化无明显影响(P0.05)。结论应在新生儿G6PD筛查过程中建立起完善有效的管理与质控机制,加强管理,并根据影响因素适当调整临床诊断的临界点,以减少假阴性或假阳性的产生,提高临床新生儿筛查的工作质量。