20-MHz Ultrasound for Measurements of Flow-Mediated Dilation and Shear Rate in the Radial Artery

A high-frequency scanning system consisting of a 20-MHz linear array transducer combined with a 20-MHz pulsed Doppler probe was introduced to evaluate the degree of radial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD [%]) in two groups of patients after 5?min of controlled forearm ischemia followed by reactive hyperemia. In group I, comprising 27 healthy volunteers, FMD (mean?±?standard deviation) was 15.26?±?4.90% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.32%–17.20%); in group II, comprising 17 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, FMD was significantly less at 4.53?±?4.11% (95% CI: 2.42%–6.64%). Specifically, the ratio FMD/SR (mean?±?standard deviation), was equal to 5.36?×?10^?4?±?4.64?×?10^?4 (95% CI: 3.54?×?10^?4 to 7.18?×?10^?4) in group I and 1.38?×?10^?4?±?0.89?×?10^?4 (95% CI: 0.70?×?10^?4 to 2.06?×?10^?4) in group II. Statistically significant differences between the two groups were confirmed by a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for both FMD and FMD/SR (p?<0.01). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for FMD and FMD/SR were greater than 0.9. The results confirm the usefulness of the proposed measurements of radial artery FMD and SR in differentiation of normal patients from those with chronic coronary artery disease.     

TDI评价亚临床型甲状腺功能减退患者左室功能

摘要：目的应用组织多普勒超声心动图评价亚临床型甲状腺功能减退（SH）患者左室功能。方法采集29例SH及25例正常对照组每个人的常规超声心动图图像及二尖瓣环的组织多普勒图像，记录下参数包括：二尖瓣血流频谱E峰及A峰，E／A、TDI收缩期峰值速度（S），射血时间（ET）、等容收缩期峰值速度（IVV）、等容收缩期加速度（IVA）、等容加速时间（AT）、舒张早期峰值（E’）与舒张晚期峰值（A’）及E’／A’、E／E’比值、等容舒张时间（IVRT），计算出心肌做功指数[MPIMPI=（IVCT＋IVRT）／ET]。结果SI-I组A值较正常组高，E／A较正常组低，E’值较正常组低，E／E’值较正常组高，且均具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．05）。IVV及IVA值较对照组减低，等容收缩期时间（IVCT）较对照组高，MPI较对照组低，且两组数值均具有明显差别（P〈0．05）。结论亚临床型甲状腺功能减退患者左室收缩及舒张功能减退。     

彩色多普勒超声在结肠癌中的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在结肠癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析该院2012年10月-2013年6月经手术和病理证实的8例结肠癌患者的彩色多普勒超声检查资料。结果术前彩色多普勒超声诊断结肠癌7例，1例误诊为回盲部隆起型高分化腺癌伴大片坏死术前诊断阑尾周围脓肿。结论彩色多普勒超声检查对结肠癌及其并发症的诊断和手术范围的选择提供了可靠的依据。     

Bubble-Induced Color Doppler Feedback Correlates with Histotripsy-Induced Destruction of Structural Components in Liver Tissue

Bubble-induced color Doppler (BCD) is a histotripsy-therapy monitoring technique that uses Doppler ultrasound to track the motion of residual cavitation nuclei that persist after the collapse of the histotripsy bubble cloud. In this study, BCD is used to monitor tissue fractionation during histotripsy tissue therapy, and the BCD signal is correlated with the destruction of structural and non-structural components identified histologically to further understand how BCD monitors the extent of treatment. A 500-kHz, 112-element phased histotripsy array is used to generate approximately 6-?×?6-?×?7-mm lesions within ex vivo bovine liver tissue by scanning more than 219 locations with 30–1000 pulses per location. A 128-element L7-4 imaging probe is used to acquire BCD signals during all treatments. The BCD signal is then quantitatively analyzed using the time-to-peak rebound velocity (t_prv) metric. Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the t_prv is compared with histologic analytics of lesions generated by various numbers of pulses using a significance level of 0.001. Histologic analytics in this study include viable cell count, reticulin-stained type III collagen area and trichrome-stained type I collagen area. It is found that the t_prv metric has a statistically significant correlation with the change in reticulin-stained type III collagen area with a Pearson correlation coefficient of ?0.94 (p?<0.001), indicating that changes in BCD are more likely because of destruction of the structural components of tissue.     

Screening for subclinical subclavian artery stenosis before coronary artery bypass grafting: Should we do it?

Atherosclerotic subclavian artery disease is detected in about 5% of patients referred for coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery. The internal mammary artery, a branch of the subclavian artery, is the most frequently utilized graft to restore coronary circulation because of its longevity. Stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery can cause retrograde blood flow in the ipsilateral internal mammary artery, known as “steal,” compromising coronary circulation supplied by the graft. Steal may be asymptomatic or may result in symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis post bypass is referred to as coronary subclavian steal syndrome post‐CABG. The incidence is not well defined, and the benefits of screening patients referred for CABG are not known. Despite the various modalities available to detect subclavian artery stenosis, current guidelines fail to provide guidance about screening high‐risk patients for this entity. Detection of subclavian artery disease prior to CABG can reduce complications posed by post‐mammary artery graft cardiac ischemia. This review discusses the utility of preoperative subclavian artery screening prior to CABG.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对卵巢癌的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查对卵巢癌的诊断价值。方法对86例拟诊为卵巢癌的患者行经阴道及经腹部彩色多普勒超声检查,并同术后病理进行对照,比较两种检查方法对卵巢癌诊断的特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果经阴道彩色多普勒超声对卵巢癌的诊断阳性预测值、阴性预测值高于经腹部超声,敏感性高于经腹部超声,两种检查方法的特异性无显著差异。结论彩色多普勒超声检测卵巢癌具有较高的准确率,对于卵巢癌临床的初步定性诊断具有较高的价值。     

经腹彩色多普勒超声在前置胎盘并发胎盘植入诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨经腹彩色多普勒超声在前置胎盘并发胎盘植入诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2012年4月~2015年4月在我院接受治疗的前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者共100例,采用经腹彩色多普勒对所有患者进行检查,分析检查结果。结果经腹彩色多普勒超声诊断后,共诊断为前置胎盘并发胎盘植入的患者共52例,准确率为98.1%,漏诊患者1例,漏诊率为1.9%。结论采用经腹彩色多普勒超声对产妇的前置胎盘并发胎盘植入疾病进行诊断具有良好的临床价值。