马来酸曲美布汀治疗肠易激综合征对比研究

目的探讨马来酸曲美布汀对肠易激综合征的治疗效果。方法将诊断为肠易激综合征（IBS）的97例患者随机分成试验组（47例）和对照组（50例），试验组给予马来酸曲美布汀，对照组使用复合维生素B作为安慰剂，两组疗程均为6周，治疗期间均停用其他药物，分别于治疗前及治疗的第2、4、6周及随访8、12周末进行症状评价及评分。结果试验组治疗后积分明显下降，治疗前后比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；对照组积分下降不明显，治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；治疗4周后两组间比较，试验组积分下降较对照组明显，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）；治疗后两组疗效比较，试验组在2周后有效率达34％，8周和12周时分别达到83％和82％，疗效明显高于对照组，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论马来酸曲美布汀对难治性功能性消化不良具有良好的治疗作用和安全性。     

HPLC测定复方氨肽素片中氨茶碱与马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度

目的 建立HPLC测定复方氨肽素片中氨茶碱与马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度。方法 色谱柱为YMC Hydrosphere C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调pH值至2.2)(10∶90),流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长为262 nm。结果 茶碱和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在0.06~0.58 mg·mL^-1和2.2~20.0 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好,回收率分别为100.4%和101.2%,RSD分别为0.74%和1.40%(n=9)。结论 方法快速准确,重复性好,结果可靠,可同时测定氨茶碱及马来酸氯苯那敏,为产品质量标准提高提供基础。     

HPLC法同时测定扑麻滴鼻液中2成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定扑麻滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的HPLC方法。方法:采用:PurospherSTAR RP18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 3.0±0.1)-乙腈(82∶18)为流动相,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,在210nm波长处同时检测盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏,柱温35℃,进样量20μl。结果:盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏分别在19.81~118.85μg·ml-1和6.21~37.25μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,r分别为0.999 6和0.999 8。平均回收率分别为100.39%(RSD=0.69%,n=9)和100.11%(RSD=0.60%,n=9)。结论:该方法快速简便、重复性、准确性好,可用于该制剂中盐酸麻黄碱和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量测定。     

马来酸氟伏沙明治疗脑卒中后抑郁患者的对照研究

目的:比较马来酸氟伏沙明与阿米替林治疗脑卒中后抑郁患者的疗效和安全性。方法:符合诊断标准的脑卒中后抑郁患者共60例,随机分为两组,分别应用马来酸氟伏沙明和阿米替林治疗6周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和副反应量表(TESS)于患者治疗前和治疗后2、4、6周分别评定疗效和不良反应,并于治疗前和治疗后2、4、6周分别检查患者血常规、肝功能、肾功能和心电图。结果:两组患者疗效无显著差异(P>0.05),马来酸氟伏沙明组和阿米替林组患者治疗后2、4、6周,HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降(P均<0.01),两组患者间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。马来酸氟伏沙明组患者的不良反应较阿米替林组少而轻,两组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:马来酸氟伏沙明抗抑郁的作用显著,疗效与阿米替林相仿,患者的不良反应较阿米替林少且程度轻,具有良好的依从性和耐受性,可作为治疗脑卒中后抑郁首选药物。     

地佐环平对短暂电击所致创伤后应激障碍模型小鼠行为的影响

目的研究N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体非竞争性拮抗剂地佐环平(MK-801)对短暂电击所致创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)模型小鼠行为学的影响,探讨NMDA受体拮抗剂在PTSD治疗中应用的可能性。方法 1 ICR小鼠ip给予MK-801 0.0125,0.025,0.05和0.1 mg·kg-1,5和10 d后进行自发活动测试,观察小鼠自发活动。2连续2 d给予ICR小鼠不可逃避的足底电击(每天15次,0.8 m A,间隔10 s,持续10 s)制备PTSD模型。第1天电击后5 min,ip给予MK-801 0.0125,0.025和0.05 mg·kg-1或ig给予盐酸舍曲林15 mg·kg-1,每天1次,连续16 d。其中第3,8和15天测定僵住时间;第9天进行自发活动实验,观察水平跨越次数和垂直站立次数;第13天进行高架十字迷宫实验,观察进入开臂的次数和在开臂的滞留时间;第16天进行爬梯实验,观察爬梯数和站立次数。结果 1 MK-801 0.1 mg·kg-1连续给药5或10 d可显著抑制小鼠自发活动(P<0.01),其他各给药组对小鼠自发活动无显著影响。2与正常对照组比较,电击组、MK-801各剂量组及舍曲林给药组小鼠的水平跨越格数和垂直站立次数均无显著性差异;与正常对照组小鼠相比,电击组小鼠的僵住时间显著增加(P<0.01);小鼠进入开臂的次数和在开臂滞留时间的百分比显著减少(P<0.01);爬梯实验中小鼠的站立次数显著增加(P<0.01),提示模型建立成功。电击后小鼠的PTSD样行为学变化可以被伴随给予舍曲林15 mg·kg-1逆转,但MK-801无法逆转电击后小鼠的PTSD样行为。结论在不影响小鼠自发活动的剂量范围内,MK-801在小鼠短暂电击模型上无抗PTSD的行为学效应,单纯拮抗NMDA受体未必能发挥抗PTSD作用,这可能与PTSD发病机制的复杂性和NMDA受体结构与功能的复杂性有关。     

Effects of Chlorpheniramine Maleate on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Ureteroscopic Stone Removal: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) associated with intraoperative urinary catheterization is a distressing symptom during recovery from anesthesia. Anticholinergics have been used to manage CRBD. Chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine, which also has anticholinergic effects. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of CPM in preventing CRBD. Seventy-six adults (19-65 years old) with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I, II, or III of either sex, undergoing elective ureteroscopic stone removal under general anesthesia were randomized into one of two groups (each n = 38). Group C (control) received a placebo, and group CPM received 8 mg of intravenous CPM before the induction of anesthesia. CRBD was assessed upon arrival in the post-anesthetic care unit at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h. The severity of CRBD was graded as none, mild, moderate, and severe. Tramadol was administered when the severity of CRBD was more than moderate. The incidence rate and overall severity of CRBD did not differ between the groups at any of the time points (р > 0.05). The incidence of moderate CRBD was higher in group C than in group CPM only at 0 h (26.3% vs. 5.3%, р = 0.025). However, fewer patients in the CPM group required rescue tramadol to relieve CRBD after surgery (31.6% vs. 60.5%, р = 0.011). CPM administration before the induction of anesthesia had little effect on the incidence and severity of CRBD after surgery, but it reduced the administration of tramadol required to control CRBD postoperatively.     

酚氨咖敏颗粒质量标准研究

目的完善酚氨咖敏颗粒的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、咖啡因及马来酸氯苯那敏进行定性鉴别。采用气相色谱(GC)法同时测定4种成分的含量,色谱柱为TR-1弹性石英毛细管柱(30 m×0. 32 mm,0. 25μm),程序升温(起始温度为180℃,保持1 min,再以8℃/min的速率升至240℃,保持2 min),氢火焰离子化检测器温度为260℃。结果 TLC法可同时鉴别酚氨咖敏颗粒中4种成分。对乙酰氨基酚、氨基比林、咖啡因及马来酸氯苯那敏质量浓度线性范围分别为186. 3~5 960μg/m L(r=0. 999 9),124. 9~3 996μg/m L(r=0. 999 9),38. 24~1 224μg/m L(r=1. 000 0)和2. 525~80. 80μg/m L(r=0. 999 9);平均加样回收率分别为98. 69%,99. 45%,99. 52%,101. 40%,RSD分别为1. 36%,1. 62%,1. 20%,1. 25%(n=9)。结论该方法简便快速、准确可靠,适用于酚氨咖敏颗粒中4种成分的定性、定量分析,可更全面地控制该制剂的质量。     

中药序贯疗法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征43例

目的 评价中药序贯治疗方案对腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床疗效。方法 将90例肠易激综合征患者分成试验组与对照组（共脱落6例,最终试验组43例,对照组41例）。试验组患者分阶段先后口服疏肝健脾利湿汤剂、参术益肠丸,对照组患者口服单剂马来酸曲美布汀片,两组疗程均为6周。记录并比较两组治疗前及治疗2周末和6周末的症状总积分,评价两组临床疗效。结果 治疗6周末,试验组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗6周后两组腹痛或腹部不适、大便次数、大便性状、腹胀、排便紧迫感和黏液便积分均显著降低（P<0.05）,其中试验组大便性状和黏液便积分降低值显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗2周末和治疗6周末,试验组症状总积分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,且两组症状总积分均较前一时点显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 中药序贯治疗方案对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的症状有明显改善作用,且起效快、作用持久。     

益精补阳还五汤联合马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗POAG的疗效分析

目的:探讨益精补阳还五汤联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液对原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者眼血供、眼压及视力的影响。方法:选取2018-02/2020-02本院POAG患者120例,依据随机表分为滴眼组(60例,给予马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液治疗)和汤液组(60例,给予马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液联合益精补阳还五汤治疗),比较两组眼血供[视网膜中央动脉(CRA)和睫状后动脉(PCA)的舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSA)、阻力指数(RI)]、眼压、视力、视野[平均视敏度(MS)、平均视野缺损(MD)]、疗效、不良反应。结果:汤液组和滴眼组治疗后CRA和PCA的EDV、PSA及视力、MS明显高于治疗前,汤液组和滴眼组治疗后CRA、PCA的RI及眼压、MD明显低于治疗前,汤液组治疗后CRA和PCA的EDV、PSA及视力、MS明显高于滴眼组,汤液组治疗后CRA、PCA的RI及眼压、MD明显低于滴眼组(P<0.05);汤液组治疗有效率明显高于滴眼组(P<0.05);汤液组和滴眼组不良反应率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:益精补阳还五汤联合马来酸噻吗洛尔滴眼液可有效改善POAG患者眼血供、眼压及视力、视野,提高了疗效,且安全性好。     

Impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity following prenatal ethanol exposure are dependent on glutathione levels

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE) causes a significant deficit in synaptic plasticity, namely long‐term potentiation (LTP), in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus of male rats. PNEE has also been shown to induce an increase in oxidative stress and a reduction in antioxidant capacity in the brains of both male and female animals. In this study the interaction between LTP and the major antioxidant in the brain, glutathione (GSH), is examined. We show that depletion of the intracellular reserves of GSH with diethyl maleate (DEM) reduces LTP in control male, but not female animals, mirroring the effects of PNEE. Furthermore, treatment of PNEE animals with N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), a cysteine donor for the synthesis of GSH, increases GSH levels in the hippocampus and completely restores the deficits in LTP in PNEE males. These results indicate that in males GSH plays a major role in regulating LTP, and that PNEE may cause reductions in LTP by reducing the intracellular pool of this endogenous antioxidant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.