Moyamoya disease mimicking a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection on Doppler ultrasound

Moyamoya disease and spontaneous internal carotid artery dissections are rare conditions, but both tend to affect young adults with potentially devastating consequences. A 43-year-old non-Japanese patient presented with neurological symptoms, which, following carotid Doppler ultrasound and angiography, was labelled as being due to a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection. Repeat imaging at 3 months showed normalisation of the carotid Doppler findings which coincided with the formation of „moyamoya” vessels on the angiogram. This case report illustrates the changes on carotid ultrasound in early moyamoya disease which may mimic the appearances of an internal carotid artery dissection and demonstrates the change of the spectral Doppler waveform that occurs with the formation of new vessels at the base of the brain. Received: 20 August 1998; Revision received: 23 November 1998; Accepted: 23 December 1998     

颈淋巴清扫术后医院感染分析及护理措施

目的探讨颈淋巴清扫术后患者医院感染的易感因素,提出相应预防措施。方法以2000年8月~2005年8月进行的116例颈淋巴清扫术患者医院感染为感染组,与非感染组进行对照,提出相应的护理措施。结果发生医院感染22例、25例次,感染率为18.97%,例次感染率为21.55%;感染部位以手术切口、呼吸道感染最为常见,构成比分别为48%、24%,感染组、非感染组在行侵入性操作、有慢性疾病史、年龄、住院天数比较,两组差异均有统计学意义。结论颈淋巴清扫患者术后感染发生率高,对于高危患者更应成为重点防护对象。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效评价

目的对带膜支架血管腔内隔绝术治疗34例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤疗效进行评价．方法对我院2002年至2005年34例Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者全麻下行腔内隔绝术的患者进行回顾性分析．结果34例患者均成功实行了带膜支架腔内隔绝术，1例因为导丝不能进入真腔而放弃腔内手术，未出现死亡现象，术后疼痛症状即刻得到改善，高血压在1周至半年左右均得到改善．术后随访3—29个月（平均15个月），其中25例行CT复查，9例行DSA复查，结论带膜支架血管腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层安全、有效，远期疗效有待于进一步观察．     

乳腺癌淋巴结清扫新术式的临床可行性研究

目的设计并临床验证乳腺癌腋窝及锁骨下逆行淋巴结清扫法的临床可行性；同时探索保乳手术的实施策略。方法对78例女性乳腺癌住院患者（42例施行保乳手术，36例施行改良根治术）采用逆行腋窝及锁骨下淋巴结清扫法进行引流区域的淋巴结清扫。结果78例均未出现神经、血管损伤等并发症，术后恢复顺利；随访3～29个月，未见1例复发和转移，也未发现上肢疼痛、肿胀等并发症。结论逆行腋淋巴结清扫法，对各组淋巴结显露清晰，能全面掌握区域淋巴结状况，操作简便易行，适用于各种保留胸肌或保乳的乳腺癌手术。     

带膜血管内支架在治疗胸主动脉夹层中的应用

目的:总结带膜血管内支架置入治疗DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层临床经验。方法:胸主动脉夹层8例,男6例,女2例,平均年龄(54.2±10.6)岁。经CT增强扫描或磁共振成像确诊。切开右或左侧股动脉置入带膜血管内支架,封堵原发破口。置入后重复造影检查。随访行胸部X线平片与电子束CT检查。结果:支架置入全部成功,术后即刻造影7例无内漏,1例见少量内漏。降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔均明显扩大,远端降主动脉及分支供血均有不同程度的改善。术后随访:降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔扩大,术后造影1例有内漏者,无加重,其余患者近端夹层动脉瘤消失,夹层近端假腔内均有血栓形成。结论:带膜血管内支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层近期疗效满意,远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

声门上型喉癌颈廓清术34例临床观察

目的探讨声门上型喉癌不同颈廓清术方法及其预后。方法对34例声门上型喉癌进行颈廓清术治疗,其中20例选用传统根治性颈廓清术,14例采用区域选择性颈廓清术治疗。结果根治性颈廓清术两年复发率为25%,5年生存率为60%;区域选择性颈廓清术分别为28.5%和57.1%,两组情况相似(P>0.05)。前组并发症为40%,后组为14.3%,前组明显较高(P<0.05)。结论声门上型喉癌行区域选择性颈廓清术能够保证治疗的疗效,并减轻传统治疗模式所带来的不良反应。     

全乳晕入路腔镜下甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术的临床经验及疗效

目的：探讨全乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺微小乳头状癌的手术经验和疗效。方法：选取2016年6月至2017年12月 中南大学湘雅二医院收治的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者共117例,根据患者意愿分为腔镜手术组(n=72)和开放手术组 (n=45),比较两组中央区淋巴结清扫数、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后并发症发生和复发情况。结果：与开放手 术组相比,腔镜手术组术中出血量少(P<0.05)、手术时间较长(P<0.05);两组淋巴结清除数、术后引流量及并发症发 生率的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);平均随访时间超过20个月,两组均无复发。结论：全乳晕入路腔镜下甲状腺 微小乳头状癌手术并行中央区淋巴结清扫是安全可行的,具有颈部无痕、出血少、住院时间短等优点,更易被年轻 患者所接受。     

主动脉夹层腔内修复术后逆行性A型主动脉夹层4例临床分析

【摘要】 目的 分析造成逆行性A型主动脉夹层的原因，为临床预防提供参考。方法 回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2017年6月收治的234例B型主动脉夹层腔内治疗的临床资料。结果 4例发生逆行性A型主动脉夹层，1例死亡，1例2017年3月行胸腹主动脉置换术，存活2例均采用保守治疗，并定期复查，目前病情无进展。结论 主动脉血管自身病变、近端锚定区不足、支架头端裸支架对血管壁的损伤是发生逆行性A型主动脉夹层的高危因素，值得我们关注     

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: Systematic review of mid‐term clinical outcomes

With a drive towards minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is now gaining popularity. In a number of East Asian countries, ESD is now the treatment of choice for early non‐metastatic gastric cancer, but the outcomes of ESD for colorectal lesions are unclear. The present review summarizes the mid‐term outcomes of colorectal ESD including complication and recurrence rates. A systematic literature search was done in May 2014, identifying 20 publications reporting the outcomes of colorectal ESD which were included in this review. En‐bloc resection rates, complete (R0) resection rates, endoscopic clearance rates, complication and recurrences rates were analyzed. Statistical pooling was done to calculate weighted means using random effects modeling. Twenty studies reporting the outcomes of 3060 colorectal ESD procedures were reported. Overall weighted en‐bloc resection rate was 89% (95% CI: 83–94%), R0 resection rate 76% (95% CI: 69–83%), endoscopic clearance rate 94% (95% CI: 90–97%) and recurrence rate 1% (95% CI: 0.5–2%). Studies that followed up patients for over 1 year were found to have an en‐bloc resection rate of 91% (95% CI: 86–96%), R0 resection rate of 81% (95% CI: 75–88%), endoscopic clearance rate 93% (95% CI: 90–97%) and recurrence rate of 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4–1%). Colorectal ESD can be carried out effectively and safely with a 1% recurrence rate. Further studies with longer follow‐up periods are required to determine whether colorectal ESD is a viable alternative to conventional surgical therapy.     

Current surgical management of melanoma

The surgical management of melanoma has changed dramatically over the last few decades. Through the development and conduction of well-designed, prospective, randomized trials, we have been able to refine the way that we surgically manage patients with melanoma. Indeed, many important issues have been addressed through such trials: the proper surgical margins for the primary melanoma, utility of the elective lymph node dissection and the role for selective lymphadenectomy, to name a few. This review will also discuss what we have learned from past clinical trials and address several issues with regards to where we are going in the future.