半导体激光根管内照射即刻杀菌效应及其影响因素的初步研究

目的 研究半导体激光对根尖周炎常见致病细菌的杀菌效果及其影响因素.方法 用半导体激光对离体牙根管内细菌悬液进行照射,采用不同照射功率或照射时间,计算其杀菌率.结果 激光输出功率1.5W时,照射1、3、5 min时,杀菌率分别为53.10％、75.18％、90.55％;照射1 min,输出功率为2.0、2 5、3.0...     

Non-invasive Peri-orbital Rejuvenation: Radiofrequency Dual Radiowave Energy Source (RF) and Light Emission Diode System (LED)

Introduction: Non-ablative skin rejuvenation is becoming increasingly popular. Ellman RF produces an electric current that generates heat in the dermis producing a contraction of the collagen. LED is a non heating light emission system that induces fibroblast proliferation.

Materials and methods: 30 Caucasian women, prototype I-IV, age from 35 to 65 with peri-orbital photo damage were randomly divided in 3 groups. Group 1 received: 5 RF sessions, 1 every 10 days. Group 2 received 8 LED sessions, 1 every 5 days. Group 3 received RF and LED: 1 RF, 2 LED sessions every 5 days for 3 times (3 RF and 6 LED sessions). A score of satisfaction, considering skin texture, rhytidis reduction and firmness was obtained before the treatment, after each session and 2 months after the last session.

Results: Two months after the last treatment in group 1:7 patients were satisfied and 3 were very satisfied; in group 2: 6 patients were satisfied and 4 were very satisfied, in group 3: 4 patients were satisfied and 6 were very satisfied. LED was effective on improvement of skin texture and rhytidis reduction while slightly effective on firmness. RF was effective on skin texture and firmness while slightly effective on rhytidis reduction. LED and RF together were effective on all parameters.

Conclusion: LED and RF seem to be safe and effective on skin rejuvenation especially when associated.     

A Retrospective Study of Transcleral Cyclophotocoagulation Using the Slow Coagulation Technique for the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma

Purpose: To compare the success rates and safety of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) for the treatment of refractory glaucoma using the slow coagulation technique and the conventional technique.

Methods: A retrospective, interventional case series of 44 patients (44 eyes) who underwent TSCPC using the slow coagulation technique (22 eyes) and conventional technique (22 eyes) in a tertiary hospital was done. The main outcome measures were success and complications. Success was defined as a final intraocular pressure (IOP) between 6 and 21 mmHg with or without IOP lowering medications with the cessation of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor at 12 months.

Results: Preoperative characteristics were statistically similar with regard to age, sex, laterality, diagnosis, IOP, and the number of glaucoma medications used. Both procedures had similar success rates of 40.9% and 36.3% in the conventional technique group and slow coagulation group, respectively (p = .757). The slow coagulation group had less prolonged anterior chamber inflammation (p = .048).

Conclusions: Diode laser TSCPC using the slow coagulation technique is a safe and effective technique for lowering IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma in Chinese eyes.     

Simulated consumer use of a battery-powered, hand-held, portable diode laser (810 nm) for hair removal: A safety, efficacy and ease-of-use study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Safety, efficacy and ease-of-use of a hair removal diode laser for consumer use were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The treatment group consisting of 77 appropriate users measured safety and efficacy from three self-administered treatments. The non-treatment group consisting of 44 inappropriate users measured safety from delivery of a single laser pulse. RESULTS: The mean hair reduction was 61% 3 weeks after the first treatment, 70% 3 weeks after the second treatment, 60% 1 month after the third treatment, 24% 2 months after the third treatment, 6% 3 months after the third treatment, 41% 6 months after the third treatment, 31% 9 months after the third treatment, and 33% 12 months after the third treatment. The only observed side effect for appropriate users was transient erythema. CONCLUSIONS: In simulated consumer use, the laser was highly effective at removing hair with minimal side effects for appropriate users.     

Deviations in upper-limb function of the less-affected side in congenital hemiparesis

In the present study we examined upper-limb function of the less-affected side in young adolescents with congenital hemiparesis (cerebral palsy: CP). Five participants with hemiparetic CP and five control participants performed a cyclical reach-and-grasp task with the less-affected hand towards targets placed at 60%, 100%, and 140% of the participant's arm-length. Trunk involvement, end-effector kinematics and activation of the biceps and triceps were examined together with several clinical measures. Movements at the less-affected side were slower and peak velocity was reached later in the experimental group. Even though total trunk involvement was identical in both groups, it was selectively limited to forward bending in participants with CP. Elbow amplitudes of these participants were smaller for the 60% and 100% arm-length target distances. Additionally, participants with CP showed weak positive correlations between agonist (triceps) activity and elbow amplitude, suggesting that deficient agonist rather than antagonist innervation was responsible for the decreased elbow involvement. Especially the more severely affected participants with CP proved to compensate their relatively small elbow amplitudes by increased forward bending. Collectively, the findings demonstrate deviations in upper-limb control of the less-affected body side in congenital hemiparesis.     

Application of Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment of a Venous Lake in the Oral Mucosa Using a 980 nm Diode Laser—A Preliminary Study

Venous lake (VL) is a common lesion resulting from the enlargement of thin-walled veins surrounded by a thick wall of fibrous tissue. Photocoagulation is becoming one of the basic methods for treating small vascular lesions. The aim of this study was an application of texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to evaluate VL treatment. Twenty-three VLs were included in the study. We used a 980 nm diode laser, 6 W, 100 ms pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle. The total dose of energy was in a range from 80 J to 600 J. We used the difference of intensity algorithm for FDA and microcontrast and a co-occurrence matrix for TA. A complete therapeutic effect was achieved in 83%, and in 9%, scar formation was observed after three months. No healing was observed in 4%, and there was partial healing in 4%. No differences in FD were observed between the lesions after three months and the healthy mucosa. The fractal dimension and microcontrast of a vascular lesion are mutually coupled. FDA and TA is a useful and objective method of assessing treatment effects for venous lakes. The non-contact mode of the 980 nm diode laser is an effective and safe method for treating a VL.     

Detailed tracking of body and leg movements of a freely walking female cricket during phonotaxis

We describe a semi-automated tracking system for insect motion based on commercially available high-speed video cameras and freely available software. We use it to collect detailed three-dimensional kinematic information from female crickets performing free walking phonotaxis towards a calling song stimulus. We mark the insect's joints with small dots of paint and record the movements from underneath with a pair of cameras following the insect as it walks on the transparent floor of an arena. Tracking is done offline, utilizing a kinematic model to constrain the processing. We can obtain the positions and angles of all joints of all legs and six additional body joints, synchronised with stance-swing transitions and the sound pattern, at a 300 Hz frame rate. This data will be used in the further development of models of neural control of phonotaxis.     

Origin of the Electroluminescence from Annealed-ZnO/GaN Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diodes

This paper addressed the effect of post-annealed treatment on the electroluminescence (EL) of an n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction light-emitting diode (LED). The bluish light emitted from the 450 °C-annealed LED became reddish as the LED annealed at a temperature of 800 °C under vacuum atmosphere. The origins of the light emission for these LEDs annealed at various temperatures were studied using measurements of electrical property, photoluminescence, and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiles. A blue-violet emission located at 430 nm was associated with intrinsic transitions between the bandgap of n-ZnO and p-GaN, the green-yellow emission at 550 nm mainly originating from the deep-level transitions of native defects in the n-ZnO and p-GaN surfaces, and the red emission at 610 nm emerging from the Ga-O interlayer due to interdiffusion at the n-ZnO/p-GaN interface. The above-mentioned emissions also supported the EL spectra of LEDs annealed at 700 °C under air, nitrogen, and oxygen atmospheres, respectively.