Trans-scleral application of a semiconductor diode laser

We used a diode laser with an output power of 1 W through a fiberoptic light pipe (200 microns diameter) to deliver laser energy through the sclera of pigmented rabbits. Ciliary body destruction occurred with energy levels of 300-400 mW and exposure time of 0.5 sec. Retinal photocoagulation was achieved with energy levels of 200-500 mW in 0.5 sec. Histologic examination of acute lesions demonstrated thermal destruction of ciliary body processes and retina. Chorioretinal scar formation was observed clinically and histologically within 2-3 weeks. Our data indicate that the transscleral diode laser may be used for destruction of the ciliary body processes or peripheral retinal coagulation in pigmented eyes.     

发光二极管照射对高糖培养的视网膜神经元凋亡的光生物调节作用及其机制

背景 研究糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的发病机制及防治具有重要的临床意义.近年来随着生物医学光子学研究的发展,国际上利用光生物调节进行疾病防治的研究越来越受到重视,但关于光生物调节对DR的防治作用研究鲜见报道. 目的 探讨光生物调节对高糖环境下视网膜神经元凋亡的抑制作用及其机制,为光生物调节在DR治疗方面的应用提供依据.方法 采用免疫磁珠分离法分离Wistar大鼠视网膜神经元并进行传代培养,采用Nissl染色法对培养的细胞进行鉴定.将培养的细胞分为正常对照组、高糖模型组和高糖+发光二极管(LED)组,正常对照组细胞采用Neurobasal培养基进行培养,高糖模型组细胞在Neurobasal培养基中添加25 mmol/L葡萄糖,高糖+LED组细胞造模后48 h在培养箱中用LED红光光源进行照射,光源波长为620 nm,最大功率为1W,中心光辐射照度为6.67 mW/cm2.光源置于细胞上方2 cm处,光斑直径为2.0cm,使光斑完全覆盖1个培养孔,每次连续照射300 s,12h后重复照射1次,共照射3次.培养后48 h采用流式细胞仪测定各组细胞凋亡情况;采用激光扫描共焦显微镜观察各组细胞内Ca2+浓度变化;Western blot法检测各组细胞中磷酸化丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(p-AKT)蛋白的相对表达量.结果 培养后2～3d,倒置显微镜下可见细胞呈多边形和椭圆形,可见细胞核及核仁.培养后5～7d神经元突起增多,经Nissl染色后细胞质呈蓝紫色,神经元与神经胶质细胞的比例达91％.正常对照组、高糖模型组和高糖+LED组细胞凋亡率分别为(7.634_±3.176)％、(33.642±9.315)％和(23.914±6.375)％,其中高糖模型组和高糖+LED组细胞凋亡率均明显高于正常对照组,高糖+ LED组细胞凋亡率明显低于高糖模型组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.0l).激光扫描共焦显微镜下可见高糖模型组和高糖+LED组细胞中Ca2+荧光像素值均明显高于正常对照组,高糖+LED组细胞中Ca2+荧光像素值明显低于高糖模型组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).Westen blot法检测显示正常对照组、高糖模型组和高糖+LED组细胞中p-AKT蛋白相对表达量分别为10.34±3.18、2.16±0.46和7.15±1.72,高糖+LED组细胞中p-AKT蛋白相对表达量明显低于高糖模型组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 高糖环境抑制抗凋亡的PI3K/AKT通路活性并影响视网膜神经元钙稳态,导致细胞凋亡.低强度LED光照射可激活PI3K/AKT通路,减少高糖引起的细胞凋亡.     

Transcanalicular laser-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy with diode laser

This article compares the efficacy of transcanalicular laser assisted dacryocystorhinostomy (TL DCR) with conventional external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex DCR). All patients were randomly divided into two groups – Group A included patients who underwent TL DCR and Group B included patients who underwent Ex DCR. 168 operations were done in a total of 163 patients; 79 patients in group A and 84 patients in group B. The overall success rate was 90.12% in group A and 95.40% in group B. The mean total surgical time was 17.41 min in group A and 49.49 min in group B. The duration of stay in hospital was about 3 hours for group A and about 48 hours for group B. Intra and post operative complications were more in group B than in group A. TL DCR can offer a minimally invasive technique with comparable results and better patient satisfaction than Ex DCR.     

经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼

目的　评价难治性青光眼行二极管激光巩膜睫状体光凝 (transcleraldiodelasercyclophotocoagulation ,TDLCP)的有效性和安全性。方法　观察 6 6例 6 6眼行TDLCP治疗前后用抗青光眼药物的种类、患者的自觉症状、治疗前后眼压、视力及术后并发症 ,随访 1a。结果　抗青光眼药物种类手术前后分别平均为 2 .6种 (1～ 4种 )和 1.8种 (0～ 3种 ) ,治疗后比治疗前用药明显减少 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后 5 5例疼痛消失 ,9例疼痛明显减轻 ,2例仍有明显疼痛。治疗前后平均眼压分别为 (35 .2± 7.9)mmHg(18～ 80mmHg) (1kPa =7.5mmHg)及(19.5± 6 .2 )mmHg(4～ 6 8mmHg) ,眼压平均下降 15 .4mmHg ,治疗前后有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后视力提高10眼 ,视力无变化 4 0眼 ,视力下降 16眼。术后并发症为早期前房炎症反应 4 2眼 ,前房出血 5眼 ,角膜水肿 2 3眼 ,术眼光感丧失 5眼 ,眼球萎缩 3眼。结论　虽然经巩膜睫状体光凝术后会发生前房出血、低眼压、眼球萎缩等并发症 ,但其能显著降低眼压、减少患者痛苦并可减少抗青光眼用药 ,因此仍为目前治疗难治性青光眼的一种有效治疗方法     

Electroretinography of short-wavelength-sensitive cones with a LED built-in electrode and its normal values

To record electroretinograms (ERG) produced by short-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanisms (SWS-cone ERG), the authors used three kinds (blue, green, and red) of light-emitting diode (LED) which were built into a contact lens electrode assembly. The LEDs were used as both stimulus and background light sources. ERG was recorded using blue LED after 10 min of yellow light adaptation produced by green and red LEDs. Duration of photo-stimulation was either 2 or 100 ms. ERG recorded in normal human subjects showed two positive waves with 2 ms photo-stimulation. Amplitude of the former positive wave (b1-wave) was attenuated when the luminance of yellow background increased, and the latter positive wave (b2-wave) was attenuated when the color of photo-stimulation was green or red. These findings suggest that middle-wavelength-sensitive and long-wavelength-sensitive cone mechanisms generated the former positive wave (b1-wave) and SWS-cone mechanisms generated the latter positive wave (b2-wave). Ratio of b2-wave-amplitude to b1-wave-amplitude with 2 ms photo-stimulation measured on 39 normal subjects ranged from 0.5 to 2.0. It was concluded that this three-colored LED built-in electrode was useful for recording SWS-cone ERG.     

308 nm SQ LED光与308 nm准分子光治疗面部白癜风的疗效及安全性回顾性研究

目的:比较308 nm SQ LED光与308 nm准分子光治疗面部白癜风的治疗效果及安全性。方法:回顾分析2018年6月至2020年6月就诊于中国医学科学院皮肤病医院理疗科采用308 nm SQ LED光（LED组）或308 nm准分子光（准分子光组）治疗的稳定期面部白癜风患者。每周治疗1次或2次,纳入治疗8次以上的...     

Endovenous ablation of truncal veins

The latest techniques for endovenous occlusion using RF ablation catheters or endoluminal laser targeting water are our preferred methods to treat saphenous related varicose veins. Our clinical experience with endovenous techniques in more than 1000 patients shows a high degree of success with minimal side effects, most of which can be prevented or minimized with use of tumescent anesthesia. Tumescent anesthesia is critical to the safety of endovenous techniques. Within the next 5 years, these minimally invasive endovenous ablative procedures involving saphenous trunks should have virtually replaced open surgical strippings. More than 100,000 patients already have been treated worldwide.     

难治性青光眼半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术

目的　评价半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼的效果和安全性。方法　 68例 (69眼 )接受治疗 ,术后随访 6～ 17月。分析末次治疗后第 6月的眼压、视力和眼部症状。结果　无光感组 (3 6眼 ) :光凝术前眼压 (61.16± 12 .44 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 .13 3kPa) ,末次光凝术后第 6月后 3 3眼眼压 (2 9.67± 6.79)mmHg。 3眼眼球萎缩 ,12眼需 2次或多次治疗。光感及光感以上组 (3 3眼 ) :光凝术前眼压 (5 1.72± 13 .85 )mmHg ,末次光凝术后第 6月眼压 (2 1.42± 8.2 2 )mmHg。其中 11眼需要 2次或 3次光凝术 ,4眼 3次光凝术后眼压仍高于 2 1mmHg。结论　半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗难治性青光眼的方法 ,但常需要重复治疗。     

Longterm follow‐up of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in the treatment of refractory glaucoma

Purpose: This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDLCP) in advanced refractory glaucoma. Methods: A total of 124 eyes in 121 patients with advanced glaucoma refractory to medical treatment were treated consecutively with TDLCP. Success was defined as final intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5?21 mmHg in eyes with visual acuity (VA) of more than hand movements (HM) and relief of pain in eyes with VA of HM or less, including blind eyes. Results: Mean patient age was 65.6 ± 17.1 years (range 14–91 years). Mean follow‐up was 17 ± 14.6 months (range 3–42 months). Mean pretreatment IOP was 29.9 ± 8.4 mmHg (range 17–58 mmHg) and IOP at last follow‐up was 20.8 ± 8 mmHg (range 6–45 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The number of laser applications (mean 9.2 ± 2.8, range 4–15) and maximal laser power (mean 2.01 ± 0.22 mW, range 1.3–3.0 mW) were not associated with lower postoperative IOP. Intraocular pressure of ≤ 21 mmHg was recorded in 63.0% of eyes at the last follow‐up visit. Overall, 28 (21.7%) eyes required at least one retreatment. No phthisis bulbi or persistent hypotonia developed. Conclusions: TDLCP is an effective and safe method for the treatment of advanced refractory glaucoma, although repeated treatments are often necessary.