YouTube Videos Demonstrating the Nasopharyngeal Swab Technique for SARS-CoV-2 Specimen Collection: Content Analysis

BackgroundReal-time polymerase chain reaction using nasopharyngeal swabs is currently the most widely used diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, false negatives and the sensitivity of this mode of testing have posed challenges in the accurate estimation of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether technical and, therefore, correctable errors were being made with regard to nasopharyngeal swab procedures.MethodsWe searched a web-based video database (YouTube) for videos demonstrating SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab tests, posted from January 1 to May 15, 2020. Videos were rated by 3 blinded rhinologists for accuracy of swab angle and depth. The overall score for swab angle and swab depth for each nasopharyngeal swab demonstration video was determined based on the majority score with agreement between at least 2 of the 3 reviewers. We then comparatively evaluated video data collected from YouTube videos demonstrating the correct nasopharyngeal swab technique with data from videos demonstrating an incorrect nasopharyngeal swab technique. Multiple linear regression analysis with statistical significance set at P=.05 was performed to determine video data variables associated with the correct nasopharyngeal swab technique.ResultsIn all, 126 videos met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 52.3% (66/126) of all videos demonstrated the correct swab angle, and 46% (58/126) of the videos demonstrated an appropriate swab depth. Moreover, 45.2% (57/126) of the videos demonstrated both correct nasopharyngeal swab angle and appropriate depth, whereas 46.8% (59/126) of the videos demonstrated both incorrect nasopharyngeal swab angle and inappropriate depth. Videos with correct nasopharyngeal swab technique were associated with the swab operators identifying themselves as a medical professional or as an Ear, Nose, Throat–related medical professional. We also found an association between correct nasopharyngeal swab techniques and recency of video publication date (relative to May 15, 2020).ConclusionsOur findings show that over half of the videos documenting the nasopharyngeal swab test showed an incorrect technique, which could elevate false-negative test rates. Therefore, greater attention needs to be provided toward educating frontline health care workers who routinely perform nasopharyngeal swab procedures.     

河北汉族人群D7S21位点DNA多态性研究

目的探讨D7S2 1位点在河北汉族人群分布的多态性 ,为DNA指纹数据库的构建及其法医学应用提供基础资料。方法应用MVR PCR方法和聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳银染法对 12 4名河北汉族人群无关个体D7S2 1位点进行了快速检测 ,并进行数字编码。结果每一个体平均得到 3 6个数字编码 ,未发现任何两个无关个体所有编码相同 ,两无关个体 3 6个编码相同的机率为 3 .4 8× 10 -18。三种重复单位a 型、t 型和o 型出现的机率分别为 4 8.5 %、4 9.5 %和 2 .1%。该位点杂合度为 0 .9876,非父排除率为 0 .974 6,多态性信息含量为 0 .9872。结论D7S2 1位点在河北汉族人群中具有高度的多态性 ,聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳银染法简便、快速 ,具有一定的实用价值     

螺旋CT定位在微电极引导脑立体定向手术中的临床应用

目的 :探讨螺旋CT辅以LeksellG定向仪在微电极引导脑立体定向术中的应用。方法 :对治疗组和对照组帕金森病病人进行CT定位和手术靶点定位 ,比较AC PC层面与体表标志间的关系以及进行定位结果分析。结果 :对照组和治疗组AC PC层面与外耳孔上缘之间的距离无显著差异 ,距离为 ( 4 7.75± 0 .6 2 )mm ;AC PC层面与GI线之间没有确定的关系 ,与听眶线的夹角为 ( 1.0± 1.5 )° ;与外耳孔上方中点联线的夹角为 ( 0 .5± 1.0 )°。结论 :螺旋CT辅以LeksellG定向仪可以较好地满足临床定位要求 ,以听眶线为扫描基线更易掌握     

Digital breast pathology: validation and training for primary digital practice

Digital pathology is a technology which is transforming the way in which breast histopathology specimens are assessed, reported and reviewed. Large scale clinical laboratory deployments of whole slide imaging systems are occurring in diagnostic pathology departments across the world, requiring laboratory and diagnostic staff to navigate new skills and workflows. Transferring from conventional light microscopy assessment of breast specimens to the use of whole slide images (WSI) can be a challenging experience. This article describes an approach to training and validation for breast consultant histopathologists, which has been used and adapted at a number of sites. Examples of types of case that are suitable for training, and some of the potential “pitfalls” of digital reporting for the novice are described, and practical advice regarding clinical digital breast workflow is shared.     

可调节式内膜剥离器用于亚急性下肢动脉栓塞治疗32例分析

正多数下肢动脉栓塞病人在急性期内(发病6～8 h以内)行手术治疗可取得较好的治疗效果,但部分病人可能因医疗条件或个人原因而选择保守治疗(如仅使用抗凝药物等),下肢动脉部分开放或仅侧支开放,将疾病由急性期拖入了亚急性期,此时的血栓机化,并且与血管内膜粘连紧密不易分开。笔者团队自制可调节式内膜剥离器用于取出亚急性下肢动脉栓塞病人的陈旧性机化血栓。现报告如下。     

Fertility and digital technology: narratives of using smartphone app ‘Natural Cycles’ while trying to conceive

Fertility awareness apps, which help to identify the ‘fertile window’ when conception is most likely, have been hailed as ‘revolutionising’ women’s reproductive health. Despite rapidly growing popularity, little research has explored how people use these apps when trying to conceive and what these apps mean to them. We draw on in‐depth, qualitative interviews, adopting a critical digital health studies lens (a sub‐field of science and technology studies), to explore the experiences of cisgender women and partners with one such app, Natural Cycles, in the context of their daily lives. We found that many women valued the technology as a ‘natural’, inobtrusive alternative to biomedical intervention, and a means of controlling and knowing their bodies, amid a dearth of fertility‐related education and care. Yet this technology also intervened materially and affectively into the spaces of their lives and relationships and privileged disembodied metrics (temperature) over embodied knowledge. Meanwhile, app language, advertising and cost have contributed to characterising ‘typical’ users as white, heterosexual, affluent, cisgender women without disabilities. In the context of neoliberal shifts towards bodily self‐tracking, technologies appealing as novel, liberating and ‘natural’ to individuals who can access them may nevertheless reproduce highly gendered reproductive responsibilities, anxieties and broader health and social inequalities.     

Digital disruption of dietetics: are we ready?

Digital health is transforming the delivery of health care around the world to meet the growing challenges presented by ageing populations with multiple chronic conditions. Digital health technologies can support the delivery of personalised nutrition care through the standardised Nutrition Care Process (NCP) by using personal data and technology‐supported delivery modalities. The digital disruption of traditional dietetic services is occurring worldwide, supporting responsive and high‐quality nutrition care. These disruptive technologies include integrated electronic and personal health records, mobile apps, wearables, artificial intelligence and machine learning, conversation agents, chatbots, and social robots. Here, we outline how digital health is disrupting the traditional model of nutrition care delivery and outline the potential for dietitians to not only embrace digital disruption, but also take ownership in shaping it, aiming to enhance patient care. An overview is provided of digital health concepts and disruptive technologies according to the four steps in the NCP: nutrition assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation. It is imperative that dietitians stay abreast of these technological developments and be the leaders of the disruption, not simply subject to it. By doing so, dietitians now, as well as in the future, will maximise their impact and continue to champion evidence‐based nutrition practice.     

基于PC微机的脉冲曝光式数字减影系统的研究

本文简要介绍一种基于PC微机的实时数字减影系统，文中对系统的组成、工作原理、曝光脉冲的产生及其对X线机的控制作了较详细的论述，同时对系统的软件功能做一简要介绍。该系统已用于国内几十家医院对西门子公司早期生产的X线机的升级改造，取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

数字信号处理技术在医学物理实验中的应用

信息社会的发展,在很大程度上取决于信息与信号处理技术的先进性.数字信号处理技术的出现改变了信息与信号处理技术的整个面貌,测量仪器技术与计算机技术深层次的结合正引起测试仪器领域里一场新的革命,一种全新的仪器结构概念导致了新一代仪器--虚拟仪器的出现,它是现代计算机技术、通信技术里测量技术相结合的产物,是传统仪器观念的一次巨大变革.它的出现使得人类的测试技术进入了一个新的发展纪元.本文介绍了用"弱电与非电信号处理系统"这一虚拟仪器进行生物非电信号的采集和分析的应用过程.