心肌灌注显像剂^99mTc—tetrofosmin的临床前研究

对８名健康志愿者进行９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ的临床前试验。采用一天或两天显像方案，行９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ运动负荷和静息显像。通过采血和留尿测定药代动力学参数；采用全身扫描及感兴趣区等技术进行人体分布、靶／非靶比值、有效显像剂量和显像方案研究；依ＭＩＲＤ法估算各种用药情况下的内照射吸收剂量，进行辐射安全评价。结果：９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ符合一次静脉给药的药代动力学二室模型，血药总清除率为１２７０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；心肌摄取较高，以百分注射剂量（％ＩＤ）为单位，给药后５分钟和６０分钟，运动负荷显像分别为３４０±０１３和２３６±０１９，静息显像则为３１１±１０２和２２２±０６８，前者摄取略高；在２７０～９２５ＭＢｑ给药剂量范围内，一天或两天方案的平面及ＳＰＥＣＴ显像图同样清晰，肝和肺本底低；内照射吸收剂量符合安全标准。临床前试验证明，９９ｍＴｃｔｅｔｒｏｆｏｓｍｉｎ安全有效，这为临床应用提供了依据。     

乳腺肿块^99mTc—MIBI显像规律与其组织病理学关系的初步探讨

为探讨９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）乳腺显像诊断乳腺癌的临床价值及不同组织病理学特点的显像规律，对８４例乳腺肿块患者行９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ显像检查。肘静脉“弹丸”式注射９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ７４０～９２５ＭＢｑ，动态采集血流相、血池相、５分钟早期摄取相及６０、１２０分钟延迟相图像，并计算病变的早、晚期摄取比值。结果表明：乳腺病变显像特点随组织病理学类型不同而有明显差别。４３例乳腺癌中３７例诊断为阳性，６例假阴性；４１例良性病变中３例有放射性浓集。此法检出乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异性分别为８６０５％和９２６８％。因此，９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ显像对鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变具有重要临床应用价值，但对癌细胞密度低的恶性肿瘤，如硬癌及有多发性坏死而血供不良的恶性肿瘤诊断效果不佳。     

核素显像和B超测算甲状腺重量的对比研究

对照研究核素显像和Ｂ超测算甲状腺重量的相关性，为临床提供较准确及简易的方法。３６３例甲亢病人１３１Ｉ治疗前分别进行γ显像和Ｂ超检查，以测算甲状腺体积（重量），其中６５例弥漫性甲状腺肿合并甲亢病人１３１Ｉ治疗后６个月重复两种检查。３６３例病人显像和Ｂ超测算甲状腺重量相关良好（ｒ＝０９３，Ｐ＜００１），总体上显像所得重量平均值大于Ｂ超值，腺体厚度是影响测算结果的主要因素；１３１Ｉ治疗后腺体厚度缩小最著，显像值大于Ｂ超值更明显。甲状腺重量测算在一定范围内两种方法可互相替代。１３１Ｉ治疗后，Ｂ超测定值为准。存在结节时，以显像为优。     

Three-dimensional visualization and measurement of conformal dose distributions using magnetic resonance imaging of bang polymer gel dosimeters

: The measurement of complex dose distributions (those created by irradiation through multiple beams, multiple sources, or multiple source dwell positions) requires a dosimeter that can integrate the dose during a complete treatment. Integrating dosimeter devices generally are capable of measuring only dose at a point (ion chamber, diode, TLD) or in a plane (film). With increasing use of conformal dose distributions requiring shaped, noncoplanar beams, there will be an increased requirement for a dosimeter that can record and display a 3D dose distribution. The use of a 3D dosimeter will be required to confirm the accuracy of treatment plans produced by the current generation of 3D treatment-planning computers.

: The use of a Fricke-infused gel and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to demonstrate the localization of stereotactic beams has been demonstrated (11). The recently developed BANG polymer gel dosimetry system (MGS Research, Inc., Guilford, CT), based on radiation-induced chain polymerization of acrylic monomers dispersed in a tissue-equivalent gel, surpasses ther Fricke-gel method by providing accurate, quantitative dose distribution data that do not deteriorate with time (6, 9). The improved BANG2 formulation contains 3% N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide, 3% acrylic acid, 1% sodium hydroxide, 5% gelatin, and 88% water, where all percentage are by weight. The gel was poured into volumetric flasks, of dimensions comparable to a human head. The gels were irradiated with complex beam arrangements, similar to those used for conformal radiation therapy. Images of the gels were acquired using a Siemens 1.5T imager and a Hahn spin-echo pulse sequence (90°-τ-180°-τ-acquire, for different values of τ). The images were transferred via network to a Macintosh computer for which a data analysis and display program was written. The program calculates R2 maps on the basis of multiple TE images, using a monoexponential nonlinear least-squares fit based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The program also creates a dose-to-R2 calibration function by fitting a polynomial to a set of dose and R2 data points, obtained from gels irradiated in test tubes to known doses. This function can then be applied to any other R2 map, so that a dose map can be computed and displayed.

: Through exposure to known doses of radiation, the gel has been shown to respond linearly with dose in the range of 0 to 10 Gy, and its response is independent of the beam energy or modality. Dose distributions have been imaged in orthogonal planes, and can be displayed in a convenient form for comparison with isodose plans. The response of the gel is stable; the gel can be irradiated at any time after its manufacture, and imaging can be conducted any time following a brief interval after irradiation.

: The polymer gel dosimeter has been shown to be a valuable device for displaying three-dimensional dose distributions. The imaged dose distribution can be compared easily with calculated dose distributions, to validate a treatment planning system. In the future, gels may be prepared in anthropomorphic phantoms, to confirm unique patient dose distributions.     

Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary: Report of three cases

Background We investigated retrospectively the records and tissue samples of patients with primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma to determine clinical and pathologic features. Methods The records of 3 patients with ovarian transitional cell carcinoma were reviewed using data from several imaging techniques: transvaginal ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also determined levels of several tumor marker molecules; and the level of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), was examined by means of immunohistochemistry. Results The tumors of 2 patients were classified as pure trnasitional cell carcinoma; in the remaining patient, as predominantly transitional cell carcinoma. All tumors were bilateral, and 2 of the 3 tumors formed solid masses. Areas of irregular high intensity signals were seen in magnetic resonance images of the solid parts of the tumors. All 3 tumors tested positive for CA 125; histochemical expression was confined to the tumor cell membrane and/or the cytoplasm in all cases. The tumors of all 3 patients tested negative for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and second-look laparotomies did not reveal any residual neoplasms in any of the patients. The patients have been in a disease-free state for 34, 42, and 14 months, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggest that transitional cell carcinomas tend to arise bilaterally and to form solid tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging was a useful diagnostic modality in these cases. Transitional cell carcinoma was characterized by the presence of CA 125 and the absence of CEA.     

食管癌和胃癌磁共振成像检查的价值

目的：探讨食管癌和胃癌MRI检查的价值。方法：对95例食管癌和胃癌的MRI表现进行分析。结果；MRI所见与手术病理符合率以食管癌侵犯胸主动脉为最高。结论：MRI显示脏外生长型食管癌和胃癌具有较大价值；MRI显示病变波及范围、浸润破坏程度、与周围脏器的关系及有无转移等有较大优越性。     

肺癌核素显像与Pgp、PCNA、GST-π关系的初步研究

目的：探讨肺癌核素显像＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ滞留分数与Ｐ糖蛋白（Ｐｇｐ）、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）和胎盘型谷胱甘肽－Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ－π）的关系。方法：１２例肺癌病人术前分别作肺部早期和延迟＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ断层显像,计算肿瘤部位＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ滞留分数,与手术后肿瘤标本测定的Ｐｇｐ、ＰＣＮＡ、ＧＳＴ－π水平作相关分析。结果：＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ滞留分数与Ｐｇｐ明显负相关（ｒ＝－０     

垂体功能异常的蝶窦影像学诊断意义

为探讨蝶窦变的像学诊断与垂体功能异常的关系，分析７例垂体功能异常的蝶窦病变的影像学表现；结果示７例垂体功能异常者重体影像均异常，     

Use of electron spectroscopic imaging to determine element composition of the melanin granules in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig

Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) was used to analyze the element content of melanin granules in the stria vascularis seen in ultrathin sections of Spurr-embedded cochleae of the guinea pig. To determine element composition, ESI images were taken at different ionization edges, and non-specific background signals were subtracted digitally by an image processing system. The presence of calcium and nitrogen in the melanin granules could be demonstrated clearly. The calcium identified in the melanin granules was then compared with the spatial distributions of calcium binding sites after the application of an antimonate precipitation method, which was used to localize loosely bound calcium. Despite a high calcium concentration within the granules, only very small single scattered calcium precipitates could be detected between these structures as compared with the amount of calcium precipitates attached to the plasma membrane or located within the cell nuclei. The nearly complete absence of precipitates within the melanin granules after the application of antimonate suggests differences in calcium binding and mobility involved in various physiological processes of ion balance regulation within the stria vascularis. Received: 14 October 1997 / Accepted: 11 February 1998     

Primary Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is extremely rare and the preoperative diagnosis is often misdiagnosed as an ovarian carcinoma. We report a patient with primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube, strongly suspected preoperatively on the basis of characteristic clinical symptoms, elevated CA125 levels, and transvaginal sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The histology of fallopian tube carcinoma was demonstrated as transitional cell carcinoma. Extensive review of the literature showed that our case seemed to be the 14th case of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube.