Ethnic differences in response to lifestyle intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) varies by ethnicity, but ethnic differences in response to diabetes prevention interventions remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed ethnic differences in the effects of lifestyle interventions on T2DM incidence, glycemic outcomes (fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, HbA_1c), anthropometric measures (weight, BMI, waist circumference), and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, energy intake, energy from fat, fiber intake). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases were searched (to June 15, 2020) for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials on lifestyle interventions (diet and/or physical activity) in adults at risk of T2DM. Ethnicity was categorized into European, South Asian, East and Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African groups. Forty-four studies were included in meta-analyses. Overall, lifestyle interventions resulted in significant improvement in T2DM incidence, glycemic outcomes, anthropometric measures, physical activity, and energy intake (all P < 0.01). Significant subgroup differences by ethnicity were found for 2-h glucose, weight, BMI, and waist circumference (all P < 0.05) but not for T2DM incidence, fasting glucose, HbA_1c, and physical activity (all P > 0.05). Few studies in non-European groups reported dietary intake. Lifestyle interventions in different ethnic groups may have similar effects in reducing incidence of T2DM although this needs to be confirmed in further studies.     

Germinal center B (GCB) and non-GCB cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphomas have similar outcomes following autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Patients with germinal center B cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) receiving first line therapy have distinct prognosis. We explored the differences in outcome following salvage autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation between patients with GCB and non-GCB DLBCL. Forty-four patients with relapsed and 15 patients with primary refractory chemosensitive disease undergoing BEAM (BCNU [carmustine], etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) conditioning and autologous HSC were included. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for CD10, BCL-6, MUM1 (allowing classification into GCB and non-GCB-like DLBCL) and BCL-2. Median follow-up of survivors was 25 months; median age at the time of transplantation was 60 years (range 17–77). Thirty-two patients (54%) were classified as having GCB and 27 (46%) as having non-GCB-like DLBCL. Patients with GCB and non-GCB DLBCL did not differ in the risk of progression after HSC transplant ( P  = 0·78) or overall survival ( P  = 0·48). In multivariate analysis, only time to progression after initial treatment impacted overall survival. We conclude that patients with relapsed or primary refractory chemosensitive GCB and non-GCB-like DLBCL derive similar benefit from autologous HSC transplant.     

Infectious mononucleosis in Japan: Comparison with acute viral hepatitis type A

In order to clarify the characteristics of infectious mononucleosis hepatitis (IMH) in Japan, 20 cases with IMH treated at Kamo Hospital during the past 6 years (Group I) were analysed in comparison with cases of acute viral hepatitis, especially type A. The test for heterophil antibody was positive in only two cases. During the same period 209 cases were treated for acute viral hepatitis (type A: 77 cases = Group A; type B: 61 cases; type non-A, non-B: 71 cases). In Group I the common clinical symptoms and signs were headache, sore throat and lymph node swelling; jaundice was not as common as in Group A. GOT and GPT activities increased moderately in the acute stage, but they were significantly lower than those in Group A. LDH, AP, GGT and LAP activities were disproportionately higher to GPT activity in Group I. Liver biopsy in the convalescent stage showed that lipofuscin deposition and sinusoidal mononuclear cell infiltration were more prominent in Group I, while sinusoidal neutrocyte infiltration and focal necrosis at periportal areas were more common in Group A. Differential diagnosis of the two diseases could be made using these clinical features and histological findings. However, immunological differentiation is required for specific diagnosis because some features such as fever, prolonged elevation of thymol turbidity test, atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blod and predilection for young people were observed in both groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that IMH is no longer rare and most cases do not demonstrate heterophil antibody in Japan.     

对氧磷酶2基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

采用PCRRFLP法检测了327例不同程度白蛋白尿的2型糖尿病患者对氧磷酶2(PON2)基因第9外显子的C311S多态性。结果显示,PON2基因C311S多态性与糖尿病早期肾病的发生显著相关,C等位基因可能是2型糖尿病早期肾病一个独立的危险因素。     

胰岛素连续皮下输注纠正2型糖尿病高血糖状态的疗效总结

目的总结并分析采用连续皮下胰岛素输注方法强化治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)高血糖状态的疗效以及剂量。方法106例血糖控制差的住院T2DM患者,给予胰岛素泵强化治疗,疗程8天,不合用其他口服降糖药,观察达到满意血糖控制(FBG<7 mmol/L,2 hBG<10 mmol/L)的天数以及胰岛素泵的基础量和餐前大剂量,并分析与上述指标相关的因素。结果血糖达满意控制的平均天数为5.4±1.8(天),Ins的日基础量为0.23±0.07 U/kg,早餐前大剂量为0.12±0.05 U/kg,午餐前大剂量为0.14±0.06 U/kg,晚餐前大剂量为0.14±0.06 U/kg。在血糖满意控制后,胰岛素用量显著减少。发生低血糖症0.04±0.21(次/人),生化低血糖0.07±0.25(次/人),低血糖反应0.96±1.18(次/人)。结论经过胰岛素泵的强化治疗,T2DM的高血糖状态可在5~6天得以纠正。经多元回归分析,影响达目标血糖时间的因素为FBG和年龄,影响Ins用量的因素为糖尿病的病程、治疗前FBG和2 hBG。     

A型行为与冠心病相关研究进展

通过对A型行为与冠心病的相关研究进行整理,对A型行为与冠心病的关系、发病机制及A型行为的矫正方法、疗效进行综述,提出了研究中存在的问题及解决的思路.