孕早期外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1:1对子痫前期的预测价值

目的 探究孕早期孕妇外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1∶1的表达及其在子痫前期发病中的预测价值。方法 选择2018年9月至2019年9月于上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院就诊分娩的孕妇,留取其孕早期(11~13周)外周血样本。根据妊娠结局是否为子痫前期分组:正常孕妇29例为对照组,子痫前期孕妇20例为子痫前期组。收集孕产妇相关临床资料,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测孕早期外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1∶1的表达水平(ΔCT值),分析其与病情相关临床指标的相关性,并通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristi, ROC)曲线分析其预测价值。结果 子痫前期组孕妇孕早期外周血中lnc-C17orf64-1∶1表达升高(ΔCT值降低);ROC曲线分析发现孕早期外周血lnc-C17orf64-1∶1预测子痫前期发病的曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)为0.9172(95%置信区间:0.8445-0.9899),敏感度80.00%,特异度86.21%,最大约登指数0.6621,最佳截断点13.71(ΔCT值),阳性预测值80.00%,阴性预测值86.21%;Spearman相关性分析发现孕早期外周血lnc-C17orf64-1∶1的ΔCT值与收缩压及舒张压均呈负相关。结论 孕早期外周血lnc-C17orf64-1∶1高表达与子痫前期密切相关,且对子痫前期早期诊断有一定预测价值。     

PCT与SDI比值对重症细菌性肺炎患者短期预后的预测价值

 目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)与肺泡灌洗液辛普森菌群多样性指数(SDI)比值对重症监护病房(ICU)内细菌性肺炎患者短期预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性调查扬州大学附属医院ICU 2019年10月—2021年7月选择肺泡灌洗液宏基因组二代测序(mNGS)技术的56例细菌性肺炎患者病历资料,依据其入ICU 24 h内急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ)分为非危重症组21例和危重症组35例。以细菌性肺炎造成死亡为终点事件,记录28天转归,并将患者分为生存组38例和死亡组18例。对各组患者的SDI、PCT、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、PCT/SDI、CRP/SDI进行比较分析。结果 与非危重症组比较,危重症组患者血清PCT/SDI、PCT水平均升高,且呼吸机辅助通气时间更长,28天病死率更高(均P＜0.05);与存活组比较,死亡组患者SDI较低,PCT/SDI、PCT水平均较高(均P＜0.05);SDI与呼吸机辅助通气时间呈负相关(r值为-0.655,P＜0.001),PCT水平、PCT/SDI与呼吸机辅助通气时间呈正相关(r值分别为0.660、0.734,均P＜0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)显示,PCT/SDI预测患者28天死亡的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.851,其次为PCT+SDI (0.845)、PCT (0.808)、SDI (0.785)、CRP/SDI (0.731),PCT/SDI的最佳截断值为11.56时预判患者28天死亡的灵敏度为89.5%,特异度为66.7%。Cox回归分析显示,PCT/SDI值高(HR=1.562,95%CI：1.271~1.920,P=0.031)、PCT水平高(HR=1.106,95%CI：1.021~1.198,P=0.024)是ICU细菌性肺炎患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论 PCT/SDI、PCT、PCT+SDI、SDI、CRP/SDI均可作为ICU细菌性肺炎患者短期预后的评估指标。与其他指标相比,PCT/SDI预测患者短期预后更有价值。     

颅内肿瘤的CT误诊分析

目的　分析颅内肿瘤的CT误诊原因 ,提高颅内肿瘤的CT诊断水平。方法　回顾分析经病理证实、CT误诊的 17例颅内肿瘤的CT图像资料 ,并与病理学结果进行对照。结果　CT误诊的 17例包括脑膜瘤 7例 ,胶质瘤 7例 ,颅咽管瘤 1例 ,垂体瘤 1例 ,多发颅内肿瘤1例。病变征象不典型、对病变CT征象认识不足和观察不仔细、检查方法不当、诊断思维错误、机器因素等是造成CT误诊颅内肿瘤的主要原因。结论　加强对病变CT征象的认识 ,培养客观正确的诊断思维 ,选择恰当的扫描方式 ,有助于减少或避免颅内肿瘤的CT误诊。     

86例痤疮患者血清性激素水平分析

目的 研究痤疮患者血清性激素水平与痤疮的关系。方法 对86例痤疮患者以放免法检测患者血清睾酮、卵泡刺激素（男性称精子生成素）、黄体生成素（男性称间质细胞刺激素）、孕酮和雌二醇;并对其中20例患者检测了泌乳素。结果 男性寻常痤疮、男和女聚合性痤疮和痤疮伴四肢或乳晕多毛（女性）63．89％患者血清睾酮增高,75％患者雌二醇增高;男性疮疮90．91％患者精子生成素低于正常。结论 血清性激素水平与痤疮类型有关,在痤疮的发生、发展和持续状态中起重要作用。     

广东省绿头鸭场鸭乙肝病毒自然携带状况调查

目的　调查两个鸭场携带乙肝病毒(DHBV)状况。方法　在对广东省家养绿头鸭分布状况进行系统调查的基础上,对南海市和顺镇、里水镇两个绿头鸭场作了随机抽样调查,采集了雏鸭、青年鸭和种鸭的血标本共519份,应用斑点分子杂交(DotBlot)测定法观察绿头鸭乙型肝炎病毒(DHBV)自然携带率。结果　两鸭场绿头鸭的DHBV自然携带率为36.0%(187/519),其95%可信限为31.0%～44.0%。不同鸭龄组绿头鸭DHBV自然携带比较,两鸭场同日龄绿头鸭DHBV自然携带率比较,绿头鸭DHBV自然携带率的性别比较,差异均无显著意义。不同鸭龄的绿头鸭DHBV-DNA含量定量分析(A值),差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),其含量由高到低顺序为雏鸭＞种鸭＞青年鸭,和顺鸭场的绿头鸭DHBV-DNA含量高于里水鸭场。结论　两鸭场绿头鸭携带的DHBV可能源于不同的亚株。     

Diagnostic value of routine semen analysis in clinical andrology

Infertility is a major health issue affecting over 48.5 million couples around the world, with the male factor accounting for about 50% of the cases. The conventional semen analysis recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is the cornerstone in the evaluation of male fertility status. It includes macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the ejaculate, which reflects the production of spermatozoa in the testes, the patency of the duct system and the glandular secretory activity. Evaluation of seminal fructose, sperm vitality and leucocytes (Endtz test) are useful adjuncts to semen analysis that provide information on specific clinical conditions. Though several computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems have been developed, conventional methods for semen analysis are still widely accepted in clinical practice. This review summarises the conventional techniques used in routine semen analysis and their diagnostic value in clinical andrology.     

Diagnostic Utility of Platelet Count/Lymphocyte Count Ratio and Platelet Count/Mean Platelet Volume Ratio in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundDiagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be challenging and often requires a combination of clinical and laboratory findings. Monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet/mean platelet volume ratio (PVR) are simple predictors for inflammation that can be readily obtained from complete blood count. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of these markers in predicting PJI in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients.MethodsA total of 538 patients who underwent revision TKA with calculable marker ratios prerevision in 2 groups were evaluated: (1) 206 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of PJI (group I) and (2) 332 patients treated for revision TKA for aseptic failures (group II). The diagnostic abilities of the markers were assessed via receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe optimal threshold of PVR at 30.82 had the highest sensitivity of 87.7%, while the optimal threshold of PLR at 234.13 had the highest specificity of 82.5%. Both PLR and PVR, when combined with Musculoskeletal Infection Society thresholds for erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, synovial WBC, and PMN%, achieve significantly higher sensitivity and specificity rates for PJI at or above 97% (PLR: 99.03%; 98.80%; PVR: 98.54%;97.89%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that PVR and PLR, which are readily available and inexpensive to obtain from complete blood counts, when combined with serum and synovial fluid markers have increased sensitivity and specificity comparable to that of alpha defensin. This suggests that PVR and PLR can be used together with other hematologic and aspirate markers to increase the accuracy of PJI diagnosis in TKA patients.     

Utility and Prognostic Ability of a Diagnostic Injection Before Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundDiagnostic injections are commonly utilized in the workup of painful total knee arthroplasties (TKA), particularly when the diagnosis remains unclear. However, current literature provides limited evidence regarding the utility and prognostic capability of anesthetic injections in this scenario. This study sought to establish the role of diagnostic injections in predicting successful revision TKA.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on 144 consecutive aseptic revision TKAs receiving diagnostic anesthetic injections. Instability (57.6%) and aseptic loosening (33.3%) comprised most revision etiologies. Patient-reported percentage pain relief after the injection was statistically correlated with KOOS JR, Knee Society Score, UCLA Activity Level, and satisfaction scores.ResultsAbout 74.3% (107/144) of revision TKAs reported >50% pain relief after injection. There were no differences in pain relief based on revision indication (P = .841). Improvement from preoperative activity level was greater in the >50% pain relief group (P = .024). Four-month patient satisfaction did not differ between patients who reported >50% and ≤50% pain relief (67% vs. 66%, P = .130). About 64% of patients who reported >50% pain relief were satisfied at minimum 1-year follow-up, compared with only 47% of those who reported ≤50% pain relief after diagnostic injection (P < .001).ConclusionStudy results show that patients reporting >50% pain relief after diagnostic injection have improvements in activity level and maintain greater satisfaction at minimum 1-year than those reporting ≤50% pain relief. Expectations for improvement after revision TKA should be tempered if diagnostic anesthetic injection yields minimal subjective pain relief.     

9种试点食药物质的安全性评价及试点风险监测现况

按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质简称为食药物质,传统中医药常使用食药物质来防治疾病或养生保健。随着我国大健康产业的迅速发展,食药物质成为健康领域关注的热点。近年来,随着食药物质品种的增加,研发产品的创新种类和应用增多,拟新增食药物质的安全性问题成为关注重点。现综述国家卫生健康委员会和市场监督管理总局开展的按照传统既是食品又是中药材物质管理试点工作的9种试点食药物质的食用与药用价值、安全性和不良反应、国内部分省份风险监测内容和方案,以期为9种试点食药物质的食品安全风险监测工作的开展提供参考,为食药物质的合理应用和资源开发提供一定的依据。     

经典名方甘草泻心汤基准样品的量值传递研究

目的 建立经典名方甘草泻心汤（Gancao Xiexin Decoction,GXD）基准样品的HPLC图谱及指标性成分含量测定方法,研究GXD基准样品量值传递规律。方法 制备15批GXD基准样品,建立特征图谱并选用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价》软件进行相似度评价,明确特征峰并对其进行归属。测定指标性成分甘草苷、甘草酸、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀的含量,计算指标成分转移率,分析指标成分在饮片-基准样品中量值传递的规律。结果 15批GXD基准样品指纹图谱相似度均大于0.90,共指认22个共有峰,甘草5个、黄芩5个、甘草和黄芩共有3个、黄连6个、黄芩和黄连共有2个、干姜1个;各指标成分从药材-饮片平均转移率分别为98.69%、98.13%、96.94%、94.59%、91.76%、88.08%、94.16%;饮片-基准样品平均转移率为49.08%、42.24%、28.34%、26.72%、29.32%、33.62%、47.93%。结论 特征图谱与多指标成分含量测定方法相结合,对GXD药材-饮片-基准样品的量值传递过程进行分析研究,为经典名方GXD制剂开发提供参考。