Evaluation of medical and dental visits in New York City: Opportunities to identify persons with and at risk for diabetes mellitus in dental settings

Objective

The identification of persons with or at risk for chronic diseases is a new practice paradigm for oral healthcare. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease of particular importance to oral health providers. This study sought to understand healthcare utilization patterns that would support the introduction of this new practice paradigm.

Methods

The primary and oral healthcare utilization patterns of New York City (NYC) adults were assessed using data collected from the 2013 NYC Community Health Survey. We stratified healthcare utilization patterns by type of provider, insurance, DM diagnosis and DM modifiable risk factors.

Results

Of 6.4 million NYC adults, an estimated 676 000 (10.5%) reported a previous diagnosis of DM, and 3.9 million (69.5%) were identified with one or more modifiable risk factor for DM. Of these at risk individuals, 2.2 million (58.9%) received dental services in the past 12 months, and 545 000 (14.3%) did not see a primary care provider during the same period. Of the approximately 1.16 million adults without health insurance, an estimated 338 000 (26.2%) had a dental visit only.

Conclusion

Healthcare utilization patterns in this urban setting suggest that oral healthcare providers can support the identification of patients with and at risk for DM who may otherwise not have the opportunity for screening.     

血运重建优化策略对老年T2DM合并ACS冠脉多支病变患者预后的影响

目的 探讨血运重建优化策略对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并急性冠脉综合征（ACS）冠脉多支病变（MVD）患者预后的影响。方法 根据不同血运重建策略将2015年1月至2016年5月行经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）的95例老年T2DM合并ACS的MVD患者分为完全血运重建（CR）组与部分血运重建（IR）组。比较两组基线资料、冠脉造影结果、介入治疗情况、术后1年主要心血管不良事件（MACE）及生活质量的差异。结果 两组性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压病史、高脂血症病史、药物使用情况、冠脉造影结果比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；CR组置入支架数多于IR组（P<0.05）；术后1年全因死亡、心源性死亡、再次血运重建、非致死性心肌梗死发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），CR组心绞痛复发率低于IR组（P<0.05）；CR组总体健康、生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情感职能、活力、精神健康差值（术后1年数值-术前数值）均高于IR组（P<0.05）。结论 IR和CR对老年T2DM合并ACS的MVD患者预后相当，但CR对改善心绞痛症状和提高患者生活质量较优。     

Peripheral arterial disease,type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

Peripheral arterial disease, manifested as intermittent claudication or critical ischaemia, or identified by an ankle/brachial index 0.9, is present in at least one in every four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Several reasons exist for peripheral arterial disease indiabetes. In addition to hyperglycaemia, smoking and hypertension, the dyslipidaemia that accompanies type2 diabetes and is characterised by increased triglyceride levels and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations also seems to contribute to this association. Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in postprandial lipidaemia, as a result of various prospective studies showing that non-fasting triglycerides predict the onset of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease better than fasting measurements do. Additionally,the use of certain specific postprandial particle markers,such as apolipoprotein B-48, makes it easier and more simple to approach the postprandial phenomenon. Despite this, only a few studies have evaluated the role of postprandial triglycerides in the development of peripheral arterial disease and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this review is to examine the epidemiology and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes, focusing on the role of postprandial triglycerides and particles.     

Using technology to advance type 1 diabetes care among women during the reproductive years and in pregnancy

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. Technology to improve care among individuals with diabetes is constantly being developed. Women living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) have unique challenges affecting their glucose control relating to menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature related to the use of technology to help women with T1DM manage their diabetes during the reproductive years, pregnancy, and beyond. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy can provider equivalent or better glucose control when compared with multiple daily injections (MDI), with less hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and weight gain. The CSII therapy has features that could help improve glucose control over the menstrual cycle, menopause, and pregnancy, although the most studied of these stages is pregnancy. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can be combined with any insulin delivery system (MDI or CSII) to provide data on glucose values every few minutes and show glucose trends over time. CGM introduction can highlight glucose variability for women with T1DM, may be beneficial during pregnancy, and can reduce hypoglycemia. Sensor-augmented pump therapy and hybrid artificial pancreas (closed-loop) systems are promising tools that improve outcomes among individuals with diabetes. The use of modern technology to improve glucose and metabolic control among menopausal women with diabetes has not been well studied. Internet and phone-based technologies are emerging as important tools that may help with diabetes self-care for women living with diabetes.     

金元四大家消渴类方药分析之新见

金元四大家在诊治消渴方面即借鉴了前人的经验又各有创新,对后世在辨证论治消渴类疾病影响巨大,对于消渴病的辨证论治逐渐形成体系。用现代数学方法分析四大家用药频率,根据《内经》及其他经典中记载消渴病分析的内容,提出上焦辨证消渴的方法。     

Serum YKL‐40 and gestational diabetes – an observational cohort study

To examine serum YKL‐40 in women developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the present large observational cohort study of 1179 pregnant women, we determined serum YKL‐40 four times during pregnancy (at gestational age 12, 20, 25, and 32 weeks). Pregnancy outcome was obtained from medical records. Sixty‐eight women (5.8%) developed GDM. Serum YKL‐40 increased from gestational age (GA) 12 weeks and the following weeks in the women who developed GDM and was independent of BMI, parity, and maternal age (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.45–5.00, p = 0.002). No association was found between serum YKL‐40 and the oral glucose tolerance test results. In conclusion, YKL‐40 significantly increased in pregnant women with GDM compared with women without GDM, probably reflecting the low‐grade inflammation of GDM. However, we did not find an association between serum concentrations of YKL‐40 in early pregnancy and the development of GDM and thus we conclude that YKL‐40 alone is not usable as a biomarker for early prediction of GDM.