Effects of thyroid status on clonidine-induced hypo-activity responses in the developing rat

Summary Clonidine-induced hypoactivity was studied in rats made neonatally hypo- and hyperthyroid (PTU or T₄ administered between 1–27 days postnatally) as an indication of central presynaptic ₂-adrenoceptor function. Paradoxically, at 28 days postnatally both treatments caused an increase in clonidine-hypoactivity compared with untreated control animals, which was not due to sex differences amongst littermates in the various groups. It is proposed that whereas the hyperthyroid neonate data perhaps reflect an enhancement of presynaptic ₂ function similar to that seen in the adult rat brain, the result obtained for the hypothyroid neonates could perhaps be due to a retardation of the ontogeny of central noradrenergic neurones.     

Association between intra-operative cardiac arrest and country Human Development Index status: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis and meta-analysis of observational studies*

Intra-operative cardiac arrests differ from most in-hospital cardiac arrests because they reflect not only the patient's condition but also the quality of surgery and anaesthesia care provided. We assessed the relationship between intra-operative cardiac arrest rates and country Human Development Index (HDI), and the changes occurring in these rates over time. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO from inception to 29 January 2020. For the global population, rates of intra-operative cardiac arrest and baseline ASA physical status were extracted. Intra-operative cardiac arrest rates were analysed by time, country HDI status and ASA physical status using meta-regression analysis. Proportional meta-analysis was performed to compare intra-operative cardiac arrest rates and ASA physical status in low- vs. high-HDI countries and in two time periods. Eighty-two studies from 25 countries with more than 29 million anaesthetic procedures were included. Intra-operative cardiac arrest rates were inversely correlated with country HDI (p = 0.0001); they decreased over time only in high-HDI countries (p = 0.040) and increased with increasing ASA physical status (p < 0.0001). Baseline ASA physical status did not change in high-HDI countries (p = 0.106), while it decreased over time in low-HDI countries (p = 0.040). In high-HDI countries, intra-operative cardiac arrest rates (per 10,000 anaesthetic procedures) decreased from 9.59 (95%CI 6.59–13.16) pre-1990 to 5.17 (95%CI 4.42–5.97) in 1990–2020 (p = 0.013). During the same time periods, no improvement was observed in the intra-operative cardiac arrest rates in low-HDI countries (p = 0.498). Odds ratios of intra-operative cardiac arrest rates in ASA 3–5 patients were 8.48 (95%CI 1.67–42.99) times higher in low-HDI countries than in high-HDI countries (p = 0.0098). Intra-operative cardiac arrest rates are related to country-HDI and decreased over time only in high-HDI countries. The widening gap in these rates between low- and high-HDI countries needs to be addressed globally.     

Study on the developing potentiality of mouse morula produced in vitro or in vivo after vitrification

Great horovement haS been made in the cryopreservation Of inalnlnalian elnbmp since wnttingham['] reported his Pioneering wold about successful cryOPreservationof mouse embryo. It results in the availability of cryOPreserVation of embryos of all stages[']. HOwever, cryopreserved embryos can not avoid the damages by ice crystal,which is a major cause of cen death in the freezing andthawing ProceduresL',']. SO it is necesseq to seareh for anew and more efficient method for embryO cryOPrese…     

Harm reduction in the developing world

This paper examines harm reduction from the perspective of poor countries. In considering which elements of the broad approach are suitable for adaptation and adoption by poor countries, there is a need to examine critically the arguments put forth in support of it and which, if any, of these are supported by evidence. There are also significant indirect influences that the approach is likely to have on how drug use is understood and interpreted by wider society. The likely impact of these on areas other than simply services directed to drug users needs to be assessed. There are some features regarding harm caused by alcohol and other drug use that are specific to poor countries. Most important among these is that levels of use which are not deemed to be harmful in rich societies cause grave harm through diverting meagre resources away from survival needs in the poor world. Alcohol, as well as other drugs, tends in deprived settings to cause dependence and other problems much earlier in people's drinking careers and at much lower levels of consumption than in rich countries.     

关于中医学学科建设目标的研讨

进入21世纪的学科建设，已呈现出大学科、广兼融的发展趋势，文章从5个方面对中医学学科建设的目标进行了阐述：对中医学科属性的认识；学科优势的凸显与时代赋予的使命，创新是学科建设的动力；学科建设目标的定位与实施；加强学科建设需要良好的学术环境。指出高等院、科研院所、医疗中心要求得稳步发展，必须紧紧抓住学科建设、发展目标、研究方向、人才梯队为其三大要素。     

基于CiteSpace的中医传承研究可视化分析＊

目的 通过可视化分析从宏观角度呈现中医传承领域的研究概况、研究热点和前沿，分析未来发展趋势，为中医传承发展提供参考。方法 利用CiteSpace软件对2004-2018年间发表于中国知网（China National Knowledge Internet，CNKI）的中医传承研究领域论文进行分析，将该领域主要科研团队、科研机构、发文数量、研究焦点及走向以知识图谱形式呈现。结果 中医传承研究发文数量从2004-2010年期间处于起始期和缓慢增长期，自2011年后处于显著增长期，以唐仕欢为代表的科研团队和以山东中医药大学为首的科研院校为中医传承做出了较大贡献。中医传承辅助软件的应用极大方便和扩展了传承的内容和深度，传承研究日趋细化、数据化、客观化。结论 国家采用科研立项、国医大师评选等一系列扶植中医的政策及名师带徒等具体传承工作的实施是中医传承研究领域迅速升温的直接原因。计算机、统计学的发展以及中医传承软件的开发为中医传承研究注入了新活力。预计在今后相当长一段时间内，围绕中医传承实践方法的探索、基于人工智能的数据挖掘技术的开发及传承软件升级将是该领域持续关注的焦点。     

先进文化在医院核心竞争力中的地位和作用

医院文化是一种管理科学,贯穿于医疗行为的始终,对打造医院核心竞争力有着极其重要的地位和作用。创新机制、外在形象是医院文化建设的核心。医院在发展医疗技术的同时,通过树立医院核心价值观,注重培养团队精神,不断提升服务理念,着力培育先进的医院文化,使文化成为核心竞争力的保障力量。     

Oral valganciclovir in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients suffering from cytomegalovirus retinitis at a tertiary care hospital in North India

Purpose:To study clinical efficacy of valganciclovir in cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive-positive patients in a tertiary care clinic in a developing nation.Methods: In a retrospective study, systemic and ocular records of HIV patients suffering from CMVR and treated with valganciclovir, were analyzed. Primary outcome measures were involvement of the other eye, incidence of retinal detachment, systemic involvement, and mortality encountered. Secondary outcome measures included change in BCVA.Results: Out of nine patients who were included, two patients developed CMVR in the other eye and only one patient (11.11%) developed retinal detachment during the course of the study. No patient developed any systemic manifestations or had mortality during the course of the study. The change in BCVA was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Use of oral valganciclovir showed good outcome and was found to be a better alternative compared to the use of intravitreal ganciclovir in the literature. Introduction of valganciclovir at an affordable price in developing nations can decrease disease burden.     

中药品种保护制度应适应中药发展规律

中药品种来源于经、验方,在临床实践中不断加以创新和发展并通过药材和工艺技术控制等手段不断保持完善。现行中药品种保护制度与现阶段中药的自身发展规律有不相适应之处,忽视了对传统经、验方、院内中药制剂、药材的道地性、生产工艺的有效规制,缺乏相应的企业投入回报机制。建议设立传统中药保护名录,将院内中药制剂纳入保护范畴,严格规制药材的道地性,引入药品数据保护理念,进一步完善中药品种保护制度。