不同水蛭制剂治疗急性期缺血性脑卒中临床疗效比较

目的：系统评价并比较各种单复方水蛭制剂治疗急性期缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法：检索各种单复方水蛭制剂治疗急性期缺血性脑卒中随机对照试验文献，筛选合格研究，应用Jadad评分法进行质量评价，运用异质性检验、Meta-分析、敏感性分析等方法统计比较相关数据。结果：25项研究被分别纳入7种药物的系统评价，Jadad评分所有研究得分均低于3分，属低质量文献。纳入研究共涉及疏血通注射液、通心络胶囊、单味水蛭制剂、脑心通胶囊、血栓心脉宁胶囊等7种单复方水蛭制剂，上述水蛭制剂相关研究分别采用临床总有效率、神经功能缺损评分、日常活动能力评分中的1项或几项指标进行了疗效比较。结论：系统评价的证据显示，对于急性期缺血性脑卒中患者，疏血通注射液在提高临床疗效、改善神经功能缺损状况、提高日常活动能力方面均显示出较好的治疗作用。要进一步验证单复方水蛭制剂治疗急性期缺血性脑卒中的疗效，尚需进行设计合理、执行严格、多中心大样本且随访时间足够的随机对照试验。     

医院制剂生产过程中陈皮粉碎工艺优选

目的:优选医院中药制剂生产过程中陈皮的粉碎工艺。方法:以粉碎细度、干燥温度、干燥时间为可变因素,以挥发油含量、橙皮苷含量为考察指标,选用L9(34)表进行试验。结果:陈皮粉碎的适宜工艺为在50℃条件下干燥2h,粉碎成100目的细粉。结论:以该工艺制备的陈皮细粉适用于大多数需保留陈皮为中药原粉的制剂。     

穿心莲内酯滴丸治疗急性上呼吸道感染外感风热证多中心随机对照临床试验

目的：评价穿心莲内酯滴丸治疗急性上呼吸道感染外感风热证的安全性和有效性。方法：采用随机、阳性药平行对照、多中心临床试验方法。第1阶段纳入202例，随机分为试验组（n=101）和对照组（n=101）；第2阶段纳入276例，随机分为试验组（n=138）和对照组（n=138）。试验组给予穿心莲内酯滴丸，0．15g／次，3次／d；对照组给予穿心莲内酯片，0．15g／次。3次／d。疗程均为3d。观察治疗前后症状、体征变化和有无不良反应，并进行血、粪、尿常规，肝肾功能及心电图检查。结果：第1阶段试验组和对照组治疗后的痊愈率分别为44．55％、42．57％（全分析数据集）和45．00％、43．00％（符合方案数据集），总有效率分别为94．06％、94．06％（全分析数据集）和95．00％、95．00％（符合方案数据集），两组比，较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。第2阶段试验组和对照组治疗后的痊愈率分别为39．13％、33．82％（全分析数据集）和38．69％、33．58％（符合方案数据集），总有效率分别为96．38％、96．32％（全分析数据集）和96．36％、96．27％（符合方案数据集），两组比较，差异亦无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在用药过程中，未发现穿心莲内酯滴丸的明显不良反应。结论：穿心莲内酯滴丸是治疗急性上呼吸道感染外感风热证安全有效的药物。     

Functional diversity of synaptic AMPA/KA receptors from rat as revealed by subtype‐specific antagonists

Subtype-specific pharmacological compounds represent important tools to identify the molecular components of synaptically activated glutamate receptors in central neurones. Here, we utilized a collection of subtype-specific antagonists and modulators to investigate the functional profile of glutamate receptors in identified synapses in thin slices of the cerebellum, hippocampus and brain stem. During whole-cell patch-clamp recordings α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate/kainate (AMPA/KA) receptor-mediated synaptic currents (EPSCs) in cerebellar Purkinje cells were (i) prolonged by 100 μm cyclothiazide, (ii) not significantly changed after preincubation in 10 μm concanavalin A, (iii) not affected by 1 μm Evans Blue or polyamine toxin analogue N-(4-hydroxyphenylpropanolyl)-spermine (NHPPS), but (iv) significantly reduced by high (≥ 100 μm ) concentrations of Evans Blue. These pharmacological properties were distinct from those observed in hippocampal granule cells and brain stem interneurones and markedly different from those of recombinant glutamate receptor channels GluR1–GluR6 previously investigated in heterologous expression systems.     

Effect of bioresolving microspheric preparations of immobilized fibrinolysin on the fibrinolysis system

The effect of fibrinolysin, immobilized on microspherical carriers, on the fibrinolytic system of the blood was studied in dogs. A marked increase in fibrinolytic activity of whole blood was found at the site of deposition of the preparation on account of the enzyme introduced and increased activity of plasminogen activator. Administration of immobilized fibrinolysin leads to a more marked increase in activator activity than of plasmin activity. The results suggest the therapeutic value of this method of administration of the thrombolytic preparation.All-Union Cardiologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 16–18, January, 1980.     

Studies on purity and stability of photopatch test substances

19 photo substances were studied by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as fresh solutions, and during storage under various conditions. Chlorhexidine was excluded as it is sparingly soluble and only used in commercial products as a derivative. Trichlorocarbanilide was the only substance shown to be impure from the start. Only benzocaine, buclosamide, chlorhexidine acetate and chlorhexidine gluconate remained unchanged to the naked eye, and in TLC. The other substances were changed in colour and/or in their TLC-pattern. An extraction method is described which makes it possible to use TLC for the examination of substances in petrolatum preparations. UV-absorption spectra have also been examined for all the substances.     

Intra-articular treatment of arthritis with microsphere formulations of paclitaxel: biocompatibility and efficacy determinations in rabbits

Objectives:To assess the biocompatibility of controlled release microspheres prepared from different polymeric biomaterials in various size ranges in rabbit synovial joints and based on these data, design and evaluate the efficacy of an intra-articular, paclitaxel-loaded microspheres formulation in rabbit models of arthritis. Methods:Paclitaxel-loaded microspheres of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared in different size ranges and inflammatory responses monitored following injection into healthy rabbit joints. The efficacy of 20% paclitaxel-loaded PLA microspheres (35–105 m size range) injected intra-articularly into antigen and carrageenan induced rabbit models of arthritis was monitored. Results:Polymeric microspheres in the 35–105 m size range were biocompatible whereas smaller microspheres (1–20 m) produced an inflammatory response. Efficacy studies showed that injection of 20% paclitaxel-loaded PLA microspheres significantly reduced all measures of inflammation in the antigen arthritis rabbit model. Conclusions:Paclitaxel-loaded PLA microspheres in the 35–105 m size range, released paclitaxel in a controlled manner over several weeks, and may be a potential formulation for the intra-articular treatment of inflammation in arthritic conditions.Received 6 November 2003; returned for revision 12 January 2004; accepted by J. S. Skotnicki 8 March 2004     

Studies on the effects of initial injection doses of follicle stimulating hormone on the pregnancy and the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients

Background:  Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are often resistant to clomiphene citrate, which causes the need for subsequent gonadotropin treatment. However, careful administration is required because of the potential side-effects, that is, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancy.
Methods:  Forty-three cycles in 22 patients with PCOS were enrolled in this study. Ovarian stimulation was initiated on day 7 of the menstrual cycle with 150 IU/day of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 150 IU course), 100 IU/day (100 IU course), and 75 IU/day (75 IU course), successively. If follicles over 12 mm in diameter did not develop after 1 week, the dose was increased. In each treatment course, the number of developed follicles, the serum estradiol level before ovulation, total FSH dosage and duration of administration, the incidence of OHSS, and pregnancy rate were examined.
Results and Conclusion:  The largest number of developed follicles and the highest serum estradiol level were found in the 150 IU course. In contrast, the total FSH dosage and duration of administration were highest and longest in the 75 IU course. The incidence of OHSS and pregnancy rate were highest in the 150 IU course and in the 75 IU course, respectively. The present study indicates that 100 IU or 75 IU of FSH is recommended as an initial injection dose for PCOS patients. (Reprod Med Biol 2003; 2 : 63–67)     

生物黏附缓释避孕凝胶杀精剂的临床有效性试验

目的　观察外用生物黏附缓释避孕凝胶杀精剂 (凝胶剂 )的临床避孕效果。方法　将2 4 0例育龄妇女志愿者随机分为两组 ,其中 12 0例使用凝胶剂 (凝胶剂组 ) ,12 0例使用避孕栓剂 (栓剂组 )。随访 6个月 ,以生命表法统计、Logrank检验比较两组的妊娠率、因症停用率和非医学原因停用率等。结果　两组使用药剂前后 ,宫颈刮片细胞学检查均无异常。 6个月的随访率 ,凝胶剂组和栓剂组分别为 10 0 0 %和 97 5 % ;粗累积妊娠率分别为 6 39/ 10 0妇女和 2 95 / 10 0妇女 ;因症停用率为3 4 5 / 10 0妇女和 4 5 7/ 10 0妇女 ;非医学原因停用率为 6 89/ 10 0妇女和 14 17/ 10 0妇女。两组比较 ,差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　凝胶剂的临床效果与避孕栓剂一样 ,是安全、有效的。     

Direct determination of triamterene by potentiometry using a coated wire selective electrode

A coated wire triamterene-selective electrode based on the incorporation of a triamterene–tetraphenylborate ion-pair in a poly(vinylchloride) coating membrane was constructed. The influence of membrane composition, temperature, pH of the test solution, and foreign ions on the electrode performance were investigated. The electrode showed a Nernstian response over a triamterene concentration range from 1.0×10⁻⁶ to 3.5×10⁻² M, at 25 °C, and was found to be very selective, precise, and usable within the pH range 4.5–7.5. The standard electrode potentials, E°, were determined at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C and used to calculate the isothermal temperature coefficient (dE°/dt) of the electrode. Temperatures higher than 45 °C seriously affected the electrode performance. The electrode was successfully applied to the potentiometric determination of triamterene hydrochloride both in pure solutions and in pharmaceutical preparations.