2种医院制剂微生物限度检查方法学适用性研究

目的：建立微生物限度检查方法,保证微生物限度检查结果的准确性。方法：依据《中国药典》2015年版四部通则1105及1106对制剂中需氧菌总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数计数法及控制菌检查方法进行适用性验证。结果：宣肺止嗽丸需氧菌总数计数检查采用培养基稀释法,霉菌和酵母菌总数计数及控制菌检查采用常规法。消炎栓需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌总数计数及控制菌检查均需采用供试液稀释法。结论：医院制剂微生物检验方法应该按照药典规定进行升级,完成方法学验证后进行检验。     

Glutamatergic activities in neonatal rat spinal cord heterogeneously regulate single-fiber splanchnic nerve discharge

Kynurenic acid (KYN) is a metabolite of tryptophan and is involved in various neurological disorders. Using whole-bundle nerve recording techniques, we previously observed that applications of KYN to block endogenous ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in neonatal rat spinal cords in vitro cause a reversible fluctuation of splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). We hypothesized that the SND fluctuation was due to a heterogeneous single-fiber response. To detail individual fiber activities, we used the so-called ‘oligofiber recordings’. Spontaneous single-fiber activities were recorded from the collagenase-dissociated splanchnic nerve fascicles. Applications of KYN increased, decreased or did not change firing rates. The heterogeneous responses in spontaneous spiking activities were confirmed by applications of APV or CNQX, suggesting an effect mediated by endogenous NMDA- or non-NMDA receptor activities. In addition to changes in firing rates, apparent drug-induced changes in firing patterns were also observed in some fiber activities. Using the oligofiber recording techniques, we confirmed a differential role of endogenous ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in regulating sympathetic outflows from the spinal cord of neonatal rats. Fine-tuning of ionotropic glutamate receptor activities in the spinal cord may serve as a simple way for heterogeneous regulation of various sympathetic-targeting tissues.     

Creation of a gelatin-based solution for preservation of leukocytes

A new effective and available method is proposed for preservation of human blood leukocytes at supercooling temperature (−10°C). The method consists in induction of cold hypobiosis under protection of an original antifreeze protecting solution containing glycerol (cryoprotector), mexidol (antioxidant and membrane stabilizer), and gelatin preparation (modegel or gelatinol) as the solvent. No washing of the solution from the biological object before its intravenous injection is needed; the solution preserves morphological integrity of cells and their functional activity at a high level for 12 days. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 10, pp. 445–447, October, 2007     

口服固体制剂精准分剂量在精准用药中的探索与实践

目的:为医院口服固体制剂的使用提供一种精准分剂量方法,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:利用药片切割器、药片磨粉器等对口服固体制剂进行分劈、磨粉或胶囊内容物直接分装,并称重进行调整,以保证分剂量准确度控制在均分量的85%~115%以内。结果:提供药品精准分剂量服务,能够保证分剂量准确度,提高用药安全性、有效性和方便性,减少药品浪费,降低用药成本。结论:医院药学部门开展药品精准分剂量是精准用药的现实基础,使医院药学服务更加精细,提高患者用药依从性,医护患满意,值得推广。     

2014-2016年六安市中医院医疗机构中药制剂的应用分析

目的：分析六安市中医院2014-2016年医疗机构中药制剂的使用情况,评价其存在的重要性,并对未来发展提出建议。方法：利用医院信息系统,分析2014-2016年我院中药制剂的使用情况。结果：2014-2016年我院中药制剂使用数量大,销售金额占一定比例,排名前五名的制剂分别为十味疏风通窍颗粒、归芍明目颗粒、十味利湿颗粒、芪归通络颗粒、扶正排毒颗粒,但是中药制剂在医院总药品中所占的比例较低,中药制剂使用量亟待提高。结论：医疗机构中药制剂仍有存在的必要性,为加强医院中药制剂的发展,应优化产业结构,加大对传统中药制剂的支持力度;核定制剂价格,提升中药制剂的院内地位;利用新技术研发新制剂,提高中药制剂研究水平;制剂纳入医保范围,提高中药制剂的使用率;转变思路,合理使用中药制剂。     

BioOcularTM角膜上皮模型EIT法评价眼用制剂包装材料的眼刺激性研究

目的：用BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法评价眼用制剂包装材料的眼刺激性。方法：采用BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法对6批眼用制剂包装材料的眼刺激性进行检测,并与Draize试验所得的结果相比较。结果：Draize法和BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法所得眼刺激性结果均为无刺激性,与Draize法比较,BioOcularTM 角膜上皮模型EIT法与体内试验的分类一致性为100%(6/6)。 结论：三维重组角膜上皮模型 EIT法有潜力作为眼用制剂包装材料眼刺激性试验的替代方法。     

常用中药单体及其制剂对CYP3A活性的体外抑制作用研究

摘 要 目的:研究常用中药单体及其制剂对CYP3A活性的抑制作用。方法: 在体外肝微粒体孵育体系中加入底物睾酮和不同浓度的中药单体或其制剂,以高效液相色谱法检测6β羟基睾酮的生成量,计算CYP3A酶活性。用GraphPad Prism v5.0软件,按照非线性回归计算出药物对CYP3A抑制作用的IC₅₀值。结果:不同中药单体及其制剂对CYP3A抑制作用的IC₅₀值如下：大黄酸IC₅₀值为36.74 μmol·L^-1;大黄素IC₅₀值为23.09 μmol·L^-1、芦荟大黄素IC₅₀值为23.91 μmol·L^-1,蜂胶IC₅₀值为60.3 μg·mL^-1;水飞蓟素胶囊IC₅₀值为24.5μg·mL^-1;丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液IC₅₀值为0.14%(v/v);五味子酯甲IC₅₀值为0.56 μmol·L^-1。结论: 大黄中的蒽醌、五味子酯甲、蜂胶、水飞蓟胶囊以及丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠注射液在体外对鼠或人肝CYP3A酶具有抑制作用,临床上使用相关制剂时应密切关注其可能引起的药物相互作用。     

利福霉素钠制剂的无菌检查法方法学研究

目的：完善利福霉素钠制剂的无菌检查方法.方法：采用薄膜过滤,选用组氨酸-卵磷脂-聚山梨酯80混合溶液作为冲洗液进行无菌检查.结果：此法能有效消除抑菌成分的干扰,各试验菌生长良好.结论：经过方法学验证,所建立的方法适用于注射用利福霉素钠及利福霉素钠注射液的无菌检查.