苦黄颗粒与苦黄注射液治疗病毒性肝炎各46例的比较

目的 :比较苦黄颗粒与注射液治疗急、慢性肝炎的疗效。方法 :92例病毒性肝炎病人 ,分为 2组 ,每组 4 6例。颗粒组男性 31例 ,女性 15例 ,年龄(35±s 13)a ,予苦黄颗粒 6 g ,口服 ,每日 3次 ;对照组男性 37例 ,女性 9例 ,年龄 (34± 10 )a ,予苦黄注射液 30mL加入 5 %葡萄糖注射液 5 0 0mL ,静脉滴注 ,每日 1次。疗程均为 4～ 6wk。每隔 14d检查肝、肾功能。结果 :退黄时间颗粒组为 (2 6± 9)d ,有效率 89% (4 1/ 4 6 ) ;对照组退黄时间 (2 3± 11)d ,有效率 91% (4 2 / 4 6 ) ,2组间差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。肝、肾功能均有明显改善 ,与治疗前差异有显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,2组间无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。不良反应轻微。结论 :苦黄颗粒有良好的退黄、降酶作用 ,不良反应少 ,与苦黄注射液类似 ,可作为治疗病毒性肝炎的一线用药。     

复方利福平肠溶四联制剂中利福平在犬体内的生物利用度研究

复方利福平肠溶四联制剂是抗结核新药,主要成份有利福平、异烟肼、吡嗪酰胺和盐酸乙胺丁醇,其特点是利福平为肠溶微丸,在小肠上部释放,其他3药为胃溶微丸,本文比较了肠溶四联制剂与普通四联制剂中利福平在犬体内的相对生物利用度.     

The anti-infective action of a new steroid-base combination (fluclorolone acetonide in FAPG base) without conventional antimicrobial substances

Summary

A double-blind trial comparing 0.025% fluclorolone acetonide in FAPG base with 0.1% betamethasone-17-valerate plus 0.5% neomycin has been carried out in 54 patients suffering from skin disease which, in the physician's opinion, required treatment with a topical steroid plus anti-infective agent. Clinical and bacteriological equivalency of the two products has been demonstrated.     

Comparison of serum levels of two sustained- release preparations of lithium carbonate

Summary

Concentrations of lithium in serum were compared during treatment of 18 chronic schizophrenic patients with 2 sustained-release forms of tablet containing lithium carbonate (‘Priadel’ and Lithium'Phasal’). Doses were given once daily at 7pmor8am. ‘Priadel’ gave higher concentrations at 9?pm after dosage at 7?pm, and higher at 12 noon when the drugs were given at 8 am. When the drugs were given at 7?pm mean values between 9 am and 6?pm were similar for the two formulations.

In general, the two preparations were satisfactory sustained-release forms of a lithium salt. ‘Phasal’ might have been slightly less likely to give side-effects than ‘Priadel’, but this disadvantage with the latter drug might be avoided by giving it later at night. The findings supported the view that for once-a-day administration it is better to give sustained-release forms of lithium salts at night rather than in the morning, so that any peaks in serum concentration should be during sleep, but twice-a-day dosage would be preferable.     

Extended‐release antiepileptic drugs: A comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters relative to original immediate‐release formulations

Many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have short half‐lives with large fluctuations in peak‐to‐trough plasma concentrations. Consequences of these pharmacokinetic (PK) properties may include adverse events (AEs) and breakthrough seizures, potentially leading to poor adherence. To address these challenges, newer formulations of these AEDs have been developed using unique extended‐release (ER) technologies. These technologies extend the dosing interval such that dosing frequency can be minimized, which may improve patient adherence. Available ER formulations have the potential to minimize the spikes in maximum plasma concentrations (C_max) at steady‐state that often contribute to AEs during treatment with immediate‐release (IR) products. In so doing, tolerability advantages may lead to increased AED effectiveness by improving adherence and allowing higher doses if clinically indicated. Direct PK comparison studies of IR and ER formulations (e.g., carbamazepine, divalproate sodium, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, and phenytoin) have found that dose‐normalized ER formulations may or may not be bioequivalent to their IR counterparts, but most ER formulations have a lower fluctuation index ([C_max–C_min]/C_avg) compared with the IR versions. This results in flatter concentration‐time plots. Not all ER preparations improve the various PK parameters to the same extent, and PK nuances may impact the effectiveness, tolerability, and adherence rates of various ER formulations.     

头孢哌酮钠及其复方制剂的配伍禁忌

目的了解头孢哌酮钠及其复方制剂的配伍禁忌，供临床用药参考，避免其不良反应的发生。方法通过检索2009—2011年期间公开发表的头孢哌酮钠及其复方制剂配伍禁忌文献，进行总结归纳。鳍果头孢哌酮钠及其复方制剂与很多药物配伍试验均存在不同程度的配伍反应。结论头孢哌酮钠及其复方制剂的配伍禁忌较多，联合应用时应该谨慎，促进用药合理有效。     

2004—2019年河南省雷公藤制剂不良反应分析

目的 分析2004—2019年河南省雷公藤制剂不良反应/事件（ADR/ADE）,分析雷公藤制剂不良反应/事件的发生特点,为雷公藤制剂的临床合理应用提供参考依据。方法 收集河南省内2004年1月—2019年5月有关雷公藤制剂不良反应报告203例。回顾性分析此203例患者ADR/ADE的时间、性别、年龄、既往史分布、用药原因及合并用药情况、剂型、累及系统及临床表现、结局。结果 203例发生ADR/ADE的患者中,以2017年比例最高（13.30%）,其次为2018年（10.34%）;季度分布上1～3月发生率最低,年度/季节分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。男、女构成比分别为56.39%、46.31%,以45～64岁年龄层发生率最高（47.29%）,但性别与年龄分布差异无统计学意义。203例患者中,4例既往有过敏史、8例有吸烟史、3例有肾病病史、2例为妊娠期女性、4例饮酒史。片剂剂型比例最高（90.15%）。ADR/ADE发生时间以用药后2～6 h比例最高,其次为用药后6 h～1 d。药物使用时长<1周、1～3周、＞3周的构成比分别为71.43%、17.24%、11.33%。类风湿性关节炎、风湿性关节炎的比例（25.12%、24.14%）最高,其中91.13%为单药治疗,8.87%为联合用药。胃肠损害比例（54.68%）最高,其次为皮肤及其附件损害（10.84%）,用药部位损害、免疫功能紊乱和感染、内分泌紊乱罕见,构成比分别为0.49%;在临床表现上,以恶心、呕吐出现频次最高。203例患者中181份报告类型为一般,22例为严重;其中结局为痊愈、好转患者构成比分别为58.13%、39.41%,仅1例未好转,构成比为0.49%;未见ADR/ADE所致的死亡事件。结论 医务人员应重视雷公藤制剂的不良反应观察,了解雷公藤制剂所致的ADR/ADE的临床规律及特点,严格遵循说明书适应症及剂量操作,最大限度降低雷公藤制剂ADR/ADE相关风险。