颈前路带锁钢板联合植骨手术治疗颈椎骨折

目的探讨和评价颈前路带锁钢板联合钛网植骨治疗颈椎损伤的应用价值。方法自2003年6月至2009年5月经住院手术的13例颈椎骨折的患者行颈椎前路椎体次全切除术减压,同时带锁钢板内固定联合钛网植骨或自体髂骨植骨融合。结果全部病例得到随访,平均18个月,内固定牢靠无松脱,植骨融合,椎体高度无丢失。结论颈前路带锁钢板联合钛网植骨可即刻恢复节段高度,重建节段稳定性,手术操作简单,并发症少,解决了颈椎损伤重建的难题。     

脊柱显微内镜下前路颈椎间盘切除植骨融合钢板内固定治疗颈椎病

目的 观察脊柱显微内镜经前路椎间减压椎间融植骨融合治疗颈椎病的临床疗效.方法 自2006年6月～2011年6月共治疗单节段颈椎病患者31例.男15例,女16例,年龄36～78岁,平均49岁.患者术前表现不同程度的一侧肢体疼痛、麻木或乏力.31例患者均进行脊柱显微内镜下前路颈椎间盘切除减压、自体骨椎间植骨融合.主要观察指标:依据JOA评分系统评价患者神经症状的改善程度,手术后影像资料,含颈椎生理曲度、椎间隙融合情况等.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间3～36个月,平均18个月,31例患者均在脊柱显微内镜下顺利完成椎间植骨融合术,并行短节段颈椎前路钢板固定手术,手术时间80～225分钟,平均102±34分钟,手术出血40～180ml,平均80±30ml,术后住院时间6～10天,平均7天.手术后患者神经功能均有不同程度改善,按JOA脊髓功能评分:术前JOA评分为4～10分,平均7.4±0.12分,术后8～16分,平均13.8±0.17分,平均改善率13.8-7.4)/(17-7.4)×100%= 66.6%.治疗前后比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01).融合节段间棘突过伸过屈距离改变:术前3.4±0.3cm,术后3月2.5±0.24cm,术后6月1.9±0.18cm,治疗前后差别有显著统计意义(P<0.01),全部病例均达到椎间隙融合,融合率100%.1例术后C5左侧神经根支配区域麻痛,术后3周逐步减轻.未发生神经损伤、硬脊膜破裂、脑脊液漏、椎动脉损伤、术后血肿及感染、钢板螺钉折断、植骨块松动等并发症.结论 脊柱显微内镜下前路颈椎前路减压更精确,椎间隙减压充分,能保留椎体终板结构,对保证手术后颈椎的植骨椎间融合,防止椎间融合后的塌陷有意义,可显著提高手术后的疗效.     

非手术脊柱减压系统DRX9000治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的临床初步报告

目的观察非手术脊柱减压系统DRX9000治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的疗效。方法对50例椎间盘源性腰痛患者进行非手术脊柱减压系统DRX9000治疗,在治疗开始时、治疗1周后、治疗2周后、治疗4周后、整个疗程结束时都对患者进行腰椎活动度、压痛点、双下肢运动感觉、肌力、神经反射的检查并记录,填写《汉化Oswestry功能障碍评分表》,根据分值的变化对疗效进行评估。50例患者均完成了20次治疗。结果 50例患者汉化Oswestry功能障碍评分平均分从治疗前的24.64分,变为治疗1周后13.12分,治疗2周后11.74分,治疗4周后9.70分,治疗结束后9.22分。治疗有效率为86%。将汉化Oswestry功能障碍评分的分值换算为功能障碍指数（CODI）后,发现随着治疗时间的增加,CODI降低的人数逐渐增多。随访50例患者,得到其中36人完整资料,平均随访时间6.2个月,汉化Oswestry功能障碍评分平均分为5.75分。结论非手术脊柱减压系统DRX9000治疗椎间盘源性腰痛,患者恢复良好,效果优。     

微血管减压术后复发性三叉神经痛的原因分析及再手术对策

目的对微血管减压术后复发性三叉神经痛进行再次手术,术中探查复发的致病原因。方法对6例复发性三叉神经痛的患者进行再手术探查,1例进行了微血管再减压术,5例进行了感觉根部分切断术。结果 1例患者为垫棉位置不理想,重新减压手术,5例血管减压充分,但明显有蛛网膜增厚、垫棉与神经根粘连、包裹,锐性分离困难,只能行感觉根部分切断。术后均疼痛消失,切断患者遗留有面部麻木。结论垫棉粘连可能是导致复痛的主要原因,感觉根部分切断术是该种情况下的首选。     

Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形的处理策略

目的 探讨Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形的临床特点及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析56例Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形的临床资料,其中合并颅底陷入35例,寰枕融合25例,颈椎分节不全6例.病人均行颅后窝减压硬脑膜扩大修补术,行小脑扁桃体部分切除术21例.固定方式采用钛缆固定和自体骨移植41例,C<,1>侧块～C<,2>椎弓根螺钉固定和自体骨移植15例.结果 术后发生颅内感染2例,脑脊液切口漏1例.55例随访6～60个月,平均42个月;植骨融合满意52例,钛缆固定和自体骨移植植骨未能融合3例;症状改善51例(92.7%),无变化4例(7.3%);随访期间无死亡病例.结论 Chiari畸形合并颅颈交界畸形应行颅颈交界关节稳定性检查及评估,对有潜在颅颈交界不稳定病人应行后路减压并枕颈植骨固定融合术,单纯后路减压可能加重颅颈交界不稳定,症状难以缓解甚至加重.     

内镜辅助的神经微血管减压术(附31例报告)

目的 探讨内镜辅助的神经微血管减压术的方法和技术要点.方法 2008年1月～2009年12月间共治疗原发性三叉神经痛17例,面肌痉挛12例,原发性三叉神经痛合并面肌痉挛2例,手术采用枕下小切口乙状窦后入路,在内镜下辅助下行神经微血管减压术,对临床资料和治疗结果进行回顾性分析.结果 31例患者术中均发现责任血管压迫并予分离、减压.本组患者无死亡,术后1例出现蛛网膜下腔出血,1例发生颅内感染,经治疗后痊愈.术后随访5个月～2年,症状完全缓解28例,症状减轻3例,无复发.结论 在神经微血管减压术应用内镜,有助于分辨责任血管,减压彻底,具有微创、安全的优点.     

Effect of botulinum neurotoxin treatment in the lateral spread monitoring of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxin (BtNtx) treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS) prior to microvascular decompression (MVD) is hypothesized to be a factor in the variability of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during this procedure. Methods: We analyzed 282 MVDs performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007. We retrospectively compared the lateral spread response (LSR) in the mentalis muscle when stimulus‐triggered electromyography (EMG) was elicited from the facial nerve. Previous BtNtx treatment was the grouping factor. Results: Baseline LSR amplitudes during MVD (prior BtNtx: mean = 341.47 μV; no BtNtx: mean = 241.81 μV) were significantly different between groups (df = 1,281; t = ?2.463; P = 0.014). Comparisons of latency and current threshold at baseline, as well as HFS disappearance or LSR persistence after the procedure, did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: HFS patients treated with BtNtx prior to MVD demonstrated higher LSR baseline amplitudes during IONM. This could be related to muscle poly‐reinnervation after recovery from repeated BtNtx use. Muscle Nerve, 2011     

Behavioral effects of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor during maternal separation may be mediated by proinflammatory activity

When guinea pig pups are separated from their mothers in a novel environment, an initial period of active behavior (vocalizing, locomotor activity) wanes after an hour or so and is replaced by a second, passive stage characterized by a crouched stance, closed eyes, and extensive piloerection. If pups are given a peripheral injection of 7-14μg of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) prior to testing, the passive behaviors occur immediately upon separation. We found that intracerebroventricular infusion of 1-10μg of CRF did not increase passive behavior relative to vehicle infusion, but that peripheral injection of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10, attenuated the passive behavior induced by peripheral CRF injection. These results together with previous findings suggest that peripheral CRF administration affects behavior of separated guinea pig pups through a mechanism that involves peripheral proinflammatory activity. The possible role of endogenous peripheral CRF in the behavioral response of untreated pups during maternal separation is considered.     

An efficacy analysis of posterior fossa decompression techniques in the treatment of Chiari malformation with associated syringomyelia

A retrospective study of the efficacy of posterior fossa decompression (PFD) was carried out in 132 patients with Chiari malformation (CM) with associated syringomyelia (SM). Of these 132 patients, 69 received extended PFD (large craniotomy group), and the other 63 patients received only local PFD (small craniotomy group). At the short-term postoperative evaluation (1–4 weeks) the extended PFD appeared to be more effective than the local PFD (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in long-term analysis (6 months–11 years) (p > 0.05). In the large craniotomy group, there was no difference between the short-term and long-term efficacy (p > 0.05). However, in the small craniotomy group, long-term efficacy clearly improved (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients who had undergone local PFD exhibited more obvious radiological improvement of SM (p < 0.05) and fewer postoperative complications compared to patients undergoing extended PFD (p < 0.05). Therefore, local PFD is preferable for the surgical treatment of CM with associated SM.     

神经内镜下寰枕部减压手术治疗Chiari畸形

目的 探讨神经内镜下寰枕减压手术治疗Chiari畸形的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 对23例经MRI确诊为Chiari畸形但不伴有寰枢锥脱位和齿突凹陷的患者在神经内镜下进行了寰枕减压手术,并进行疗效观察.结果 23例术后随访0.5-3.0年,原有症状均有不同程度改善,感觉障碍程度减轻,肢体肌力有所增强.无手术后并发症.术前合并脊髓空洞症的16例患者中,术后7例空洞消失,8例范围缩小,1例范围无明显变化.结论 神经内镜下寰枕减压手术治疗Chiari畸形方法可行,手术安全、有效、创伤小、疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the methods and effectiveness to treat Chiari malformation with the surgical decompression of the foramen magnum under endoscope. Method 23 cases with Chiari malformation.(without atlanto- axialdislocation and basilar invagination) diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging( MRI)were operated with the surgical decompression of the foramen magnum under the endoscope. Results 23 cases were followed- up 0. 5 -3. 0, years after operation, all the symptoms and signs were remarkably relieved after the operation. No complications was found. In 16 cases with spinal cavities,7 cases spinal cavities disappeared and scases deflated,l case no evident change. Conclusions The endoscope -assisted decompression of the foramen magnum is a safe and effective surgical method to treat Chairi malformation.