手术治疗外伤性大面积脑梗死14例

目的:探讨外伤性大面积脑梗死的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法:对14例外伤性大面积脑梗死的手术时机、术式、疗效进行分析。其中5例外减压;9例行内、外减压。结果:14例患者全部存活,功能均有不同程度恢复。结论:减压术是治疗外伤性大面积脑梗死的重要救命措施,但要把握手术时机和术式,术前强力脱水后瞳孔回缩的患者预后良好     

左半结肠癌急性梗阻一期切除吻合的安全保证——彻底快速而无污染的肠减压术(英文)

目的研究一种彻底快速而毫不污染手术野的术中肠减压方法,以便提高手术的安全性。方法游离系膜后,钳夹下将拟切除肠段的下端先切断,将其近侧断端置入并固定于粘附在手术床边的塑料袋中;松开肠钳,肠内容物自由流入袋内;双手交替推挤膨胀的肠段,由近而远,由小肠向大肠,直至大、小肠的内容物彻底排空。钳夹下切断上端,移除切下的肠段和充满粪便的塑料袋。结果使用本法行肠减压术,一期切除急性梗阻的左结肠癌31例,均未发生吻合口漏,创口一期愈合。另有6例肝段切除同时切除未作肠道准备的结肠癌亦取得同样结果。同法亦用于各种急性小肠梗阻,均未造成腹腔污染。结论本法可推荐为术中肠减压的首选方法。     

神经外科术中急性脑膨出的原因分析及处理方法

目的：总结分析脑外科手术中急性脑膨出的发生原因和防治措施。方法：对术中出现急性脑膨出的74例病人进行回顾性分析，并对不同处理方法导致的结果进行比较。结果：本组应用综合措施处理术中急性脑膨出，术后3个月GOS评分，良好32例，中残21例，重残7例，植物生存4例，死亡7例。结论：尽早发现并去除致膨出因素，综合运用降颅压措施，尽量扩大颅腔容积，可以避免脑疝或膨出脑组织切除，明显改善患者预后。     

血糖控制情况对糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者下肢神经减压术疗效的影响

目的 探讨糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)患者的血糖控制情况对周围神经减压手术疗效的影响。方法 2014年12月至2016年6月在复旦大学附属中山医院接受单侧下肢神经减压术的DPN患者共计40例,以HbA1c=8%为标准分为血糖控制尚可组和血糖控制不佳组。在术前1天和术后6个月,测量视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、两点辨别觉(two point discrimination,TPD)和10 g单丝测验,比较两组患者的手术疗效。结果 所有患者术后VAS、TPD和10 g单丝测验结果均较术前均明显改善。血糖控制尚可的患者术后VAS、TPD和10 g单丝测验结果均优于血糖控制不佳的患者。结论 良好的血糖控制对DPN患者下肢神经减压术后疼痛的缓解和肢体感觉的恢复具有积极作用,血糖控制尚可的患者手术疗效明显优于血糖控制不佳的患者。     

眼减压性视网膜病变研究进展

眼减压性视网膜病变(ocular decompression retinopathy,ODR)是一种由眼压降低引起的眼底多灶性出血性视网膜病变,且无法用其他机制解释。临床上多见于青光眼术后,也可发生在造成眼压下降的其他眼科手术。多数患者无明显症状,容易漏诊。本文综述了国内外ODR的研究进展,从危险因素、发病机制、临床表现、影像表现、鉴别诊断以及治疗与预防来论述。     

改良外伤骨瓣开颅减压术在高血压脑出血术后二次开颅中的应用

目的探讨改良的骨瓣开颅减压手术在高血压脑出血后二次开颅的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2010年10月36例将改良外伤骨瓣开颅减压术用于高血压脑出血后二次开颅手术的患者的临床资料,总结患者手术的原因,临床手术方法,并分析手术的有效性。结果 36例患者采用此手术方法,有6例患者术后恢复良好,12例患者术后为中度残疾,9例患者严重残疾,5例患者呈植物状态,4例患者死亡。患者主要的手术原因为术后再出血。结论改良外伤骨瓣开颅减压术在高血压脑出血术后二次开颅中的临床价值较高,能够有效提高患者的抢救成功率,值得在临床推广使用。     

半球骨瓣减压结合控制性减压治疗特重型颅脑损伤

目的：探讨半球骨瓣减压结合控制性减压治疗特重型颅脑损伤的临床疗效。方法采用去半球大骨瓣彻底减压技术，结合硬脑膜网状切开和有限渐次减压法等控制性减压，对60例特重型颅脑损伤患者进行手术治疗，术后6个月进行GOS评分评价，3～4分为良好，2分为中度残废，1分为重度残废。结果死亡25例（病死率为41．7％），存活35例，其中恢复良好10例，中度残废1例，重度残废14例。结论去半球骨瓣伴控制性减压技术具有显露好、减压充分等优点，可有效降低手术病死率。     

Respiratory Symptoms and Respiratory-Related Absence from Work among Health Care Workers in Sweden

Objective. To investigate respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work among Swedish health care workers (HCWs). Methods. From a postal questionnaire study among a general Swedish working population (n = 12,186), we identified 2156 HCW (555 assistant nurses, 377 nurses, 109 physicians, and 1115 others), including 429 with mainly cleaning tasks (HCW-cleaning). The remaining respondents were classified as non-HCW. Multiple logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work between HCW and non-HCW, adjusting for potential confounders. Results. The prevalence of adult onset asthma was 4.3% in HCW and 3.0% in non-HCW (p = .003). Asthmatic symptoms during the past year were reported mainly by HCW-cleaning, 14.7%, in comparison to 8.3% among non-HCW (p < .0001). HCW had an increased odds ratio (OR) for asthmatic symptoms during the past year (OR 1.3, 95% CI (1.1–1.5)) and more prominent among assistant nurses (OR 1.5, 95% CI (1.1–2.0)) and HCW-cleaning (OR 1.9, 95% CI (1.4–2.5)). Respiratory-related absence from work in the past year was reported by 1.4% of non-HCW, 3.0% of HCW-cleaning, 2.9% of nurses, and 1.6% of assistant nurses. Taking smoking and age into account, there was still significantly increased respiratory-related absence from work in nurses (OR 2.0, 95% CI (1.1–3.8)) and in HCW-cleaning (OR 2.1, 95% CI (1.2–3.7)). Conclusions. HCW in Sweden, especially those with cleaning tasks, reported more respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related absence from work than the general working population. There is a need for longitudinal studies with detailed information on both occupational exposures and socioeconomic factors to explore what influences respiratory-related absence from work among HCW.     

Acute Neurologic Changes in an Otherwise Healthy Young Adult

A healthy young man presents to a community clinic after returning home from spending 4 days at a beach resort. He reports symptoms of a headache, dizziness, fatigue, mild nausea and a hard time not falling when walking. Oddly he also has a vague dull ache in his right knee with intermittent spikes of shooting pain in both legs. Rapid onset of neurological symptoms in an otherwise healthy young man requires a thorough history and prompt intervention.